Dixit Physics

RAY OPTICS REFRACTION CBSE

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 148

Section A
1. A ray of light travels a distance of 12.0 m in a transparent sheet in 60 ns. The refractive index of the sheet is [1]

a) 1.33 b) 1.75

c) 1.50 d) 1.65
∘

2. Green light of wavelength 5,460 A is incident on an air-glass interface. If the refractive index of glass is 1 ⋅ 5 , [1]

the wavelength of light in glass would be (Given that the velocity of light in air, c = 3 × 108 m s-1)
∘ ∘
a) 6731 A b) 3,640 A
∘ ∘
c) 5,460 A d) 4,861 A

3. There are certain material developed in laboratories which have a negative refractive index Figure. A ray [1]
incident from air (medium 1) into such a medium (medium 2) shall follow a path given by

a) b)

c) d)

4. A beam of monochromatic light is refracted from vacuum into a medium of refractive index 1 ⋅ 5 . The [1]
wavelength of refracted light will be

a) smaller b) same

c) dependent on intensity of refracted light d) larger

5. The refractive index of glass is 1 ⋅ 520 for red light and 1 ⋅ 525 for blue light. δ 1 and δ2 be angles of minimum [1]
deviation for red and blue light respectively in a prism of this glass, then

a) δ 1 = δ2 b) δ1 < δ2

c) δ can be less than or greater than δ ,

1 2 d) δ1 > δ2

depending upon the values of δ 1 and δ2 .

6. Which of the following is used in optical fibers? [1]

a) Scattering b) Refraction

c) Diffraction d) Total internal reflection

7. Which of the following pairs of media has the least value of critical angle? [1]

a) Glass to air b) Glass to water

c) Diamond to water d) Diamond to air

1 / 11
 8. The phenomena involved in the reflection of radiowaves by ionosphere is similar to [1]

a) total internal reflection of light in the air b) dispersion of light by water molecules
during a mirage during the formation of a rainbow

c) scattering of light by the particles of air d) reflection of light by a plane mirror

9. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection? [1]

a) Difference between apparent and real depth b) Mirage on hot summer days
of a pond

c) Brilliance of diamond d) Working of optical fibre

10. A bird flies down vertically towards a water surface. To a fish inside the water, vertically below the bird, the bird [1]
will appear to

a) move faster than its actual speed b) be at its actual distance

c) move slower than its actual speed d) be closer than its actual distance
11. The minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by a convex lens of focal length f is: [1]

a) 4f b) f

c) 2f d) 3f
12. A small object lies at the bottom of a vessel filled with water (refractive index 4

3
) up to a height H. When [1]
viewed from a point above the surface of water, the object appears raised by n percent of H. The value of n is:

a) 15 b) 33

c) 25 d) 20
13. The diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and the thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If the speed of light in the [1]
material of the lens is 2 × 10 8 −1
ms , the focal length of the lens is

a) 15 cm b) 30 cm

c) 20 cm d) 10 cm
14. If the focal length of objective lens is increased then magnifying power of [1]

a) Microscope will decrease but that of b) Microscope and telescope both will
telescope will increase. decrease.

c) Microscope and telescope both will d) Microscope will increase but that of
increase. telescope decrease.
15. To print a photograph from a negative, the time of exposure to light from a lamp placed 60 cm away is 2.5 s. [1]
What exposure time is required if the lamp is placed 1.2 m away?

a) 5 s b) 10 s

c) 15 s d) 20 s
16. A lamp and a screen are set up 100 cm apart and a convex lens is placed between them. The two positions of the [1]
lens forming real images on the screen are 40 cm apart. What is the focal length of the lens?

a) 15 cm b) 21 cm

c) 18 cm d) 12 cm

2 / 11
17. A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world, contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive [1]
index of water is 4/3 and the fish is 12 cm below the water surface, the radius of this circle (in cm) is:
– –
a) 36/√7 b) 36√5

– –
c) 4√5 d) 36√7

18. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air, [1]

a) its wavelength decreases b) neither wavelength nor frequency changes

c) its wavelength increases d) its frequency increases

19. Figure shows three transparent media of refractive indices μ , μ and μ . A point object O is placed in the
1 2 3 [1]
medium μ . If the entire medium on the right of the spherical surface has refractive index μ , the image forms at
2 1

O
′
. If this entire medium has refractive index μ , the image forms at O . In the situation shown in the figure
3
′′

given ahead:

a) the image forms to the left of O ′

b) two images form, one at O and the other at
′

′′
O

c) the image forms to the right of O ′′

d) the image forms between O and O′ ′′

20. A lens of power +2.0 D is placed in contact with another lens of power -1.0 D. The combination will behave like [1]

a) a converging lens of focal length 100 cm b) a diverging lens of focal length 50 cm

c) a converging lens of focal length 50 cm d) a diverging lens of focal length 100 cm

21. Refractive index of water is b

3
. A light source is placed in water at a depth of 4 m. Then what must be the [1]
minimum radius of disc placed at water surface so that the light of source can be stopped

a) 3 m b) 4 m

c) 5 m d) infinite
22. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has both surfaces of the same radius of curvature R. On immersion [1]
in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a

a) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R b) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R

c) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R d) convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
23. Radius of curvature of human eye is 0.78 cm. For an object at infinity, image is formed at 3 cm behind the [1]
refracting surface. The refractive index of eye is

a) 6.2 b) 3

c) 1.35 d) 1
24. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance u from the lens and [1]
measuring the distance v of the image pin. The graph between u and v plotted by the student should look like

a) b)

3 / 11
 c) d)

25. The graph drawn with object distance along abscissa & image as ordinate for a convex lens is [1]

a) straight b) circle

c) rectangular hyperbola d) parabola

26. An equi-convex crown glass lens has a focal length 20 cm for violet rays. Here μ v = 1. 5 & μr = 1. 47 . Its [1]
focal length for red rays is

a) 24.85 cm b) 20.82 cm

c) 21.28 cm d) 22.85 cm
27. An object approaches a convergent lens from the left of the lens with a uniform speed 5 m/s and stops at the [1]
focus. The image

a) moves away from the lens with a uniform b) moves away from the lens with a uniform
acceleration speed 5 m/s

c) moves towards the lens with a non-uniform d) moves away from the lens with a non-
acceleration uniform acceleration
28. A thin convergent glass lens (μ = 1.5) has a power of +5.0 D. When this lens is immersed in a liquid of
g [1]
refractive index μ it acts as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm. The value of μ must be
1 1

a) b)
4 5

3 3

c) 5

4
d) 6

29. A plano-convex lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5.The focal length ƒ of the lens and radius of [1]
curvature R of its curved face are related as

a) f b) ƒ = R
R
=
2

c) ƒ = 2R d)
3
f =
2R

30. Assertion (A): Just before setting, the sum may appear to be elliptical. This happens due to refraction. [1]
Reason (R): Refraction of light rays through the atmosphere may cause different magnification in mutually
perpendicular directions.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

31. Assertion (A): An empty test tube dipped into water in a beaker appears silver, when viewed from a suitable [1]

4 / 11
 direction.
Reason (R): Due to refraction of light, the substance in water appears silvery.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

32. Assertion (A): The twinkling of star is due to reflection of light. [1]
Reason (R): The velocity of light changes while going from one medium to the other.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

33. Assertion (A): Air bubbles shine in water. [1]
Reason (R): Air bubbles shine in water due to refraction of light.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

34. Assertion (A): The light travelling from air to glass can suffer total internal reflection. [1]
Reason (R): Air is rarer than glass.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

35. Assertion (A): Diamond glitters brilliantly. [1]
Reason (R): Diamond reflects sunlight strongly.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

36. Assertion (A): The diamond shines due to multiple total internal reflections. [1]

Reason (R): The critical angle for diamond is 24.4o.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

37. Assertion (A): Higher is the refractive index of a medium or denser the medium, lesser if the velocity of light in [1]
that medium.
Reason (R): Refractive index is inversely proportional to velocity.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

38. Assertion: A lens have two principal focal lengths which may differ. [1]

5 / 11
 Reason: Light can fall on either surface of the lens. The two principal focal lengths differ when medium on two
sides have different refractive indices.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
39. Assertion (A): Although the surfaces of a goggle lens are curved, it does not have any power. [1]
Reason (R): In case of goggles, both the curved surfaces have equal radii of curvature.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

40. If a ray of light propagates from a rarer to a denser medium, how does its frequency change? [1]
41. Does the apparent depth of a tank of water change if viewed obliquely? If so, does the apparent depth increase or [1]
decrease?
42. A glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. What must be the refractive index of the liquid [1]
in order to mark the lens disappear?
43. Under what conditions does the phenomenon of total internal reflection take place? Draw a ray diagram showing [1]

how a ray of light deviates by 90o after passing through a right-angled isosceles prism.
–
44. The refractive indices of two media A and B are 2 and √2 respectively. What is the critical angle for their [1]
interface?
45. Two thin lenses of power +4D and - 2D are in contact. What is the focal length of the combination? [1]
46. A bright point source is placed at the bottom of a tank containing a transparent liquid (refractive index μ ) to a [1]
height H. Let r be the radius of the circular area of the liquid surface through which light can emerge out. Find
the ratio (r/H).
47. The focal length of a thin biconvex lens is 20 cm. When an object is moved from a distance of 25 cm in front of [1]
m25
it to 50 cm, the magnification of its image changes from m25 to m50. Find the ratio of m50
.
Section B
48. i. Define the refractive index of a medium. [2]
ii. In the following ray diagram, calculate the speed of light in the liquid of an unknown refractive index.

49. A jar of height h is filled with a transparent liquid of refractive index μ (Figure). At the centre of the jar on the [2]
bottom surface is a dot. Find the minimum diameter of a disc, such that when placed on the top surface

6 / 11
 symmetrically about the centre, the dot is invisible.

50. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a material of refractive index 1.6. It is [2]
immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3. Calculate its new focal length.
51. i. What is total internal reflection? Under what conditions does it occur? [2]
ii. Find a relation between critical angle and refractive index.
iii. Name one phenomenon which is based on total internal reflection.
52. The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20. The magnification produced by the eye [2]
piece is 5. The microscope is focused on a certain object. The distance between the objective and eye piece is
observed to be 14 cm, If least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate the focal length of the objective and
the eye piece.
53. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 45° on one face of a rectangular glass slab of thickness 10 cm and [2]
refractive index 1.5. Calculate the lateral shift produced.
54. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. It produces an image that is half the size of [2]
the object. Find (a) position of the object, (b) nature of the image, and (c) draw the ray diagram of image
formation.
Section C
55. Refraction of a ray in air incident at 60° with the normal to a glass air and water air interface, respectively. [3]
Predict the angle of refraction in glass when the angle of incidence in water is 45° with the normal to a water
glass interface.
a.

b.

7 / 11
 c.

56. A point source in air is kept 24 cm in front of a concave spherical glass surface ( a μg = 1.5) and radius of [3]
curvature 60 cm. Find the nature of the image formed and its distance from the point source.
57. a. State the conditions for total internal reflection to take place. [3]
b. A tank is filled with a transparent liquid to height H. A coin suspended by a thread in the liquid is gradually
lowered till it touches the bottom. The apparent depth is determined corresponding to different positions of
the coin.
i. Plot a graph showing variation of the apparent depth with the real depth of the coin.
ii. What is the physical significance of the slope of the graph?

58. i. Show using a proper diagram of how unpolarised light can be linearly polarized by reflection from a [3]
transparent glass surface.
ii. The figure shows a ray of light falling normally on the face AB of an equilateral glass prism having a
refractive index placed in water of refractive index . Will this ray suffer total internal 3 reflection on
3 4

2 3

striking the face AC? Justify your answer.

59. A converging beam of light travelling in air converges at a point P as shown in the figure. When a glass sphere [3]
of refractive index 1.5 is introduced in between the path of the beam, calculate the new position of the image.
Also draw the ray diagram for the image formed.

60. i. Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface. If µ for water is 1.33, [3]
find the wavelength, frequency and speed of the refracted light.
ii. A double convex lens is made of a glass of refractive index 1.55 with both faces of the same radius of
curvature. Find the radius of curvature required, if the focal length is 20 cm.

61. a. Define SI unit of power of a lens. [3]

b. A plano convex lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of the convex surface is
25 cm.
i. Calculate the focal length of the lens.

8 / 11
 ii. If an object is placed 50 cm in front of the lens, find the nature and position of the image formed.
62. Find the two possible positions of an object kept in front of a lens of +5.0 D, so that the image formed in both [3]
cases is four times magnified.
63. Consider a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separating two media of refractive indices n1 and [3]
n2 (> n1). A point object is placed at a distance u in front of the surface in medium of refractive index n1. Its real
image is formed at a distance v. Obtain a relation between u and v in terms of n1, n2 and R.

Section D
64. i. An object is placed in front of a concave mirror. It is observed that a virtual image is formed. Draw the ray [5]
diagram to show the image formation and hence derive the mirror equation .
1 1 1
= +
f u v

ii. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a plano-convex lens with its spherical surface of radius of curvature 20
cm. If the refractive index of the material of the lens is 1.5, find the position and nature of the image formed.

65. i. Name the phenomenon on which the working of an optical fibre is based. [5]
ii. What are the necessary conditions for this phenomenon to occur?
iii. Draw a labelled diagram of an optical fibre and show how light propagates through the optical fibre using
this phenomenon.

66. i. Explain the working principle of an optical fibre with the help of a diagram. Mention one use of a light pipe. [5]

ii. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60o on one face of a prism with the prism angle A = 60o. The ray
passes symmetrically through the prism. Find the angle of minimum deviation (δ m
) and refractive index of
the material of the prism. If the prism is immersed in water, how will δ be affected? Justify your answer.
m

67. With the help of ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point object by refraction of light at a spherical [5]
surface separating two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1) respectively. Using this diagram, derive
n2 n1 n2 −n1
the relation v
−
u
=
R
. Write the sign conventions used.
What happens to the focal length of convex lens when it is immersed in water?
68. i. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates two media of refractive indices n1 and n2. A point [5]

object is placed in front of the surface at distance u in medium of refractive index n1 and its image is formed

by the surface at distance v, in the medium of refractive index n2. Derive a relation between u and v.
ii. A solid glass sphere of radius 6.0 cm has a small air bubble trapped at a distance 3.0 cm from its centre C as
shown in the figure. The refractive index of the material of the sphere is 1.5. Find the apparent position of
this bubble when seen through the surface of the sphere from an outside point E in air.

69. i. Derive lens maker’s formula for a biconvex lens. [5]

ii. A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm on the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. A
convex mirror is placed coaxially on the other side of the lens at a distance of 10 cm. If the final image
coincides with the object, sketch the ray diagram, and find the focal length of the convex mirror.
70. Two convex lenses A and B of focal lengths 20 cm and 10 cm are placed coaxially 10 cm apart. An object is [5]
placed on the common axis at a distance of 10 cm from lens A. Find the position and magnification of the final

9 / 11
 image.
71. i. Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of a real image of an object placed at a distance u in front of a [5]
concave mirror of radius of curvature R. Hence, obtain the relation for the image distance v in terms of u and
R.
ii. A 1.8 m tall person stands in front of a convex lens of focal length 1 m, at a distance of 5 m. Find the
position and height of the image formed.
72. Figure shows a convex spherical surface with centre of curvature C separating the two media of refractive [5]
indices µ1 and µ2. Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of the image of a point object O lying on the
principal axis. Derive the relationship between the object and image distance in terms of refractive indices of the
media and the radius of curvature R of the surface.

73. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates a rarer and a denser medium as shown in the figure. [5]

Complete the path of an incident ray of light, showing the formation of a real image. Hence derive the relation
connecting object distance u, image distance v, radius of curvature R, and the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the
two media.
Briefly explain, how the focal length of a convex lens changes, with an increase in wavelength of the incident
light.
74. a. Draw a ray diagram for formation of a real and diminished image of an object kept in front of a concave [5]
mirror. Hence derive the mirror equation.
b. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm produces a real image which is 3 times the size of the object. Find
the distance of the object from the mirror.
75. Read the source given below and answer the following questions: [5]
The lens maker's formula is a relation that connects focal length of a lens to radii of curvature of two surfaces of
the lens and refractive index of the material of the lens. It is 1
= (μ − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
) , where μ is refractive
f

index of lens material w.r.t. the medium in which lens is held. As μ v > μr , therefore, f r > fv . Mean focal
−−−−−−
length of lens for yellow colour is f = √fr × fv .
i. Focal length of a equiconvex lens of glass μ = in air is 20 cm. The radius of curvature of each surface is
3

a. 10 cm
b. -10 cm
c. 20 cm
d. -20 cm

10 / 11
ii. A substance is behaving as convex lens in air and concave in water, then its refractive index is
a. greater than air but less than water
b. greater than both air and water
c. smaller than air
d. almost equal to water
iii. For a thin lens with radii of curvatures R1 and R2, refractive index n and focal length f, the factor

is equal to
1 1
( − )
R1 R2

a. 1

f(n−1)

b. f(n - 1)
(n−1)
c. f

d. n

f(n−1)

iv. A given convex lens of glass (μ = can behave as concave when it is held in a medium of \mu equal to
3
)
2

a. 1
b.
3

c. 2

d.
7

v. The radii of curvature of the surfaces of a double convex lens are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively, and its focal
length is 20 cm. What is the refractive index of the material of the lens?
a.
5

b. 4

c.
5

d.
4

11 / 11