Part B : Unit III – Database Management System (Basics)

Session 1 :

Q1 . What is a database?
Answer - A database is an organized collection of data. Databases can store, retrieve and manage large
amounts of data. The database stores the information in the form of a table.
Q2 . What is the purpose of a Database Management System?
Answer - A database management system (DBMS) is a software package which manages and maintains
data in a database. A DBMS enables several user application programs to access the same database at the
same time. It enables organizations to easily create databases for a variety of purposes. A database is a
comprehensive collection of data records, files, and other items.
Q3 . How are data organised in a database?
Answer - There are two ways to organise data in database:
a. Flat File - It stores the data in a single table and it is suitable for small amounts of data.
b. Relational - It stores the data in a multiple table and all the tables are connected to each
other using a common field with the help of relationships.
Q4 . Write any four advantages of database.
Answer - Advantages of database are:
a. Reduce Data Redundancy - When the same data set is stored in two or more locations, this
is referred to as data redundancy. As a result, this helps in the protection of duplicate data
in a database.
b. Sharing of Data - Databases can share the data with multiple users at a time. There are
multiple levels of authorization to access the data, and as a result, the data can only be
shared with those who are permitted.
c. Data Integrity - The term "data integrity" refers to the accuracy and consistency of the data
in the database. Data integrity also refers to data safety.
d. Data Security - Data is very important, databases give privileges to authorized users and
allow them to access the database using username and password.
e. Privacy - A database's privacy rule says that only authorized users are permitted to access
the database in accordance with its privacy constraints. For example- if we log in our Gmail
account then we will see our email only, we will not see any other account email.
f. Backup and Recovery - Backup and recovery are handled automatically by the Database
Management System.
g. Data Consistency - Data consistency ensures the modification in the data will be the same
for all the users who are accessing the database. For example- if we have registered a train
ticket from IRCTC website then whatever changes are there it will be the same for all the
users who are trying to reserve the ticket.
Q5 . What are the key features of a database?
Answer - Some of the key features of database are -
a. Multiple table can be store in a single database
b. Database can share the data to multiple users
c. Database can create backups automatically
d. Database save storage space
e. Large amount of data can be managed by database
f. Each table in a database contains separate information
g. Provides high level security
Q6 . What is RDBMS?
Answer - RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System is an upgraded version of DBMS, that
stores the data in the form of a table. In RDBMS multiple tables can be linked together, and support
multiple users to access the database.
Q7 . Discuss different types of keys that are available in RDBMS.
Answer - The different keys available in RDBMS are -
a. Primary Key (PK) - A primary key is the column that contain values that uniquely identify each
row in a table. If the primary key is defined to any table column it means the duplication of
data will be not allowed.
b. Composite Primary Key - A composite primary key is made by the combination of two or more
columns in a table that can be used to uniquely identify each row in the table.
c. Foreign Key (FK) – A foreign key is a column or group of columns in a relational database table
that provides a link between data in two tables. It acts as a cross-reference between tables
because it references the primary key of another table, thereby establishing a link between
them.
Session 2:
Q8 . What are the different database objects?
Answer - The database objects are :
a. Table - A table is a collection of data components structured in the form of vertical columns
and horizontal rows.
b. Columns / Fields / Attributes - Columns or Fields or Attributes all are the same. A column is a
collection of data values of a single data type, one for each row in a table. It is also known as
the heading of the column.
c. Rows / Records / Tuples - A row, also known as a Record or Tuple, is a single data item in a
table. A database table can be represented as a series of rows and columns or fields. Each row
in a table represents a set of related data, and each row has the same structure.
Q9 . What are data types?
Answer - Datatypes are used to define the type of data that will be stored in the database. Data
types in the OpenOffice base are classified into five types.
i) Numeric Types - Numeric data types are used to describe numerical values for fields in a database
table. Numeric data types used for numbers and decimals. Some of the important numeric data
types are
i) BOOLEAN iii) NUMERIC v) FLOAT
ii) INTEGER iv) DECIMAL vi) DOUBLE
ii) Alphanumeric Types - Alphanumeric data types are used to describe character values for fields in a
database. Some of the important alphanumeric data types are -
i) LONGVARCHAR iii) VARCHAR
ii) CHAR iv) VARCHAR_IGNORECASE
iii) Binary Types - For storing data in binary formats, binary data types are used. Binary data types in a
database can be used to store images, music files, and so on. Some of the important Binary data
types are
i) VARBINARY ii) BINARY iii) LONGVARBINARY
iv) Date time - Date and time data types are used to describe date and time values for fields in a
database table. Some of the important Date time data types are
i) DATE ii) TIME iii) TIMESTAMP
Q10 . Differentiate between Tuples and Attributes of a table.
Answer –
Tuple Attribute
Tuple is a single data item in a table. A database An attribute is a collection of data values of a
table can be represented as a series of rows and single data type, one for each row in a table.
columns or fields.
Q11 . In how many ways tables can be created in Base?
Answer - There are two different ways to creating the table in database –
• Using Design View • Using Wizard
Q12 . Define the structure of a table.
Answer - A table is a collection of data components structured in the form of vertical columns and
horizontal rows.
Session 3:
Q13 . List any three file formats that can be managed using OpenOffice.Org Base.
Answer - The three file formats are
• .odt - This file format use for create digital document file
• .odd - This file format use for create spreadsheet
• .odp - This file format use for creating presentation file
Q14 . What is referential Integrity?
Answer - Referential integrity is used to keep data maintained, accurate and consistent. Data in Base can be
connected between two or more tables using primary key and foreign key constraints.
Referential integrity helps to –
a. Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key
table.
b. Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
c. Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in
associated table(s).
Q15 . What is the advantage of relationships between two tables?
Answer - Advantage of relationships between two tables are :
a. Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
b. Reduce data-entry errors.
c. Summarize data from related tables.
Q16 . What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice.Org Base?
Answer - Extension for OpenOffice base is.odb.
Q17 . How many types of relationships can be created in Base? Explain each of the them.
Answer - There are three types of relationships:
a. One to One - Both tables in this relationship must have primary key columns.
b. One to Many or Many to One- One of the tables in this relationship must have a primary key
column.
c. Many to Many - The primary key column is not present in any of the tables in this relationship.
Q18 . Explain Referential Integrity with the help of an example.
Answer - Referential integrity is used to keep data maintained, accurate and consistent. Data in Base can be
connected between two or more tables using primary key and foreign key constraints.
For example - Suppose there is two table "Student_details" and "fee_details",
in the student_detils table fields are - Grno, Student_name, Address, phone_number (here Grno is primary
key)
In the Fee_details table fields are Grno, Fee_date, Amount (here Grno is foregn key)
Here, both have a common field "Grno" this is known as referential Integrity.
Session 4:
Q19 . How many types of language are there in the database?
Answer - There are two types of languages –
• DDL (Data definition language) - Data definition language is used to design and modify the
structure of a database. Common DDL commands are :
a. CREATE- This command is used to create database .
b. ALTER - This command is used to modify the database.
c. DROP - This command is used to delete database tables.
• DML (Data manipulation language) - Data manipulation language provides commands for
manipulating data in databases. Common DML commands are :
a. SELECT - This command is used to display information from the database.
b. INSERT-This command is used to insert new records in the database.
c. DELETE This command is used to delete records from the database.
d. UPDATE - This command is used to modify records in the database.
Q20 . Name DML commands.
Answer - Data manipulation language (DML) access and manipulate data in existing tables.
Name of DML commands :
a. Select c. Updated
b. Insert d. Delete
Q21 . What is the purpose of using queries?
Answer - Queries are commands that describe the data structure as well as manipulate the data in the
database. The purpose of a query is to do calculations, integrate data from many tables, and add, alter, or
delete data from a database.
Q22 . Which clause of Select statement helps to display specific data?
Answer - WHERE clause is used to display specific data from the database.
Q23 . How WHERE clause and ORDERBY clause of SQL statements.
Answer - WHERE clause is used to display specific data from the database whereas ORDER BY used to
display data in ascending order or descending order.
Q24 . State the purpose of Update Command with the help of an example.
Answer - The update statement is used to modify records in the table. Example of update command is -
Update Student_details set Location = 'Pune' where Rollno = 10;
Q25 . Consider the following table "Teachers"

• Write SQL commands:

a. To display all the information from the table whose address is 'Mumbai'.
Answer - Select * from students where address = "Mumbai";
b. To list the details of all the students whose percentage is between 90 to 100.
Answer - Select * from students where percentage >= 90 and percentage <= 100;
c. To display the name of all the students whose gender is Female.
Answer - Select Subject from students where Gender = 'F';
d. To display the list of names of all the students in alphabetical order.
Answer - Select * from students order by Student_name;

Session 5:

Q26 . Why there is a need to create Forms?

Answer - A form allows the user to enter information into a database in a systematic manner. It is a user-
defined interface that allows users to see, enter, and edit data directly in database.
Q27 . What is the purpose of creating Reports?
Answer - Reports help to present the data in proper manner which is stored in the database, It also displays
the data in summary format.
Q28 . What are the prerequisites to create a Form and Reports?
Answer- The prerequisites to create a Form and Reports:
 • Forms –
i) Forms help or manage to store data in a systematic format.
ii) The prerequisites to create a form would be.
iii) Add all the necessary fields in the formd.
iv) Make the connection between form and the table
• Reports –
i) Reports display the data in a summarized manner.
ii) The prerequisites to create a report would be –
iii) Data
iv) Data source
Q29 . Differentiate between Forms and Reports.

Answer -

Form Report

a. Forms are used to store the data in the a. Report display the data in the presenting format
semantic way b. Report can display all the record from the table
b. Edit, delete & modify can be easily c. Edit, delete & modification cannot be done
managed through report
c. Auto calculation can be done easily d. we can take printout with the help of report

Q30 . Can a form display data from queries?

Answer - Yes form can display the data from queries, with the help of query we can filter the data and we
can display in the form.
Q31 . In how many ways Forms and Reports can be created in a database?
Answer - There are two ways to create a form and report in the database.
a. Using Wizard
b. Using Design View