D2D Enabled Communication System Structure

Based on Software Defined Networking for 5G

Network
Ammar Muthanna Abdelhamied A. Ateya Mohammed Al Balushi Ruslan Kirichek
Applied Probability and Electronics and Communications Communication networks Communication networks
Informatics Department Engineering State University of State University of
Peoples’ Friendship University of Zagazig University Telecommunication Telecommunication
Russia (RUDN University) Zagazig, Egypt St. Petersburg, Russian St. Petersburg, Russian
Moscow, Russian [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
proximity of devices requiring lower transmission powers. To
fully realize these benefits in practice, the architecture for D2D
Abstract— In the device-device communication communication should be flexible and powerful to meet needs
paradigm (D2D) in 5G networks, an efficient infrastructure is of commercial cellular scenarios as well as public safety
created, allowing the use of various smart urban applications, applications.
such as public safety. In future smart cities, the tight deployment
of wireless sensor networks can be integrated into 5G networks The major problem of the practical implementation of the
using D2D communications. D2D communication provides direct D2D architecture is the convergence of public safety
communication between neighbouring user devices using cellular applications with commercial cellular networks. In this paper,
or special communication channels, thereby improving spectrum to solve the above-mentioned problems, the SDN paradigm is
utilization, system capacity and network energy efficiency. This proposed, which meets the requirements of public safety
paper discusses the hierarchical communication architecture of applications, as well as commercial cellular scenarios.
D2D, in which the centralized Software-Defined Network
controller (SDN) interacts with the Cloud Head (CH) to reduce
the number of requested LTE communication channels, thereby II. THE ARCHITECTURE OF SDN IN FIFTH
improving power consumption. This paper considers the GENERATION NETWORKS
reliability and potential of the architecture, presenting a public Existing distributed radio access network (RAN)
safety scenario when occurs any disaster, disconnecting a part of architectures, such as Cloud-RAN [4,5], are concentrated
the network. mainly on remote servers and data centers. However, this
presents significant limitations, since they can’t provide a
Keywords—Device – device Communication, SDN, fifth
sufficient degree of scalability of PHY/MAC-level
generation networks, 5G, D2D, Internet of things
virtualization. And do not support a network-level
virtualization, like Software Defined-Core Network (SD-CN).
I. INTRODUCTION In order to eliminate these drawbacks, Software Defined-RAN
The exponential growth in the number of cellular devices (SD-RAN) is proposed with significantly improved scalability
and traffic volume in combination with the looming spectrum and a high degree of decomposition of base stations.
crunch represents undoubtedly the primary challenge for the To solve these problems, the SDN for 5G networks adopted
fifth generation (5G) networks. Therefore, 5G networks intend a new concept of a high degree of decomposition of the base
to combine radical solutions to assure more capacity, lower station where the baseband processing is assigned to the
latency, and higher reliability [1], [2]. Such solutions include Random Port-Hopping (RPH), with the rest of the functions,
several emerging technologies such as Network Function for example MIMO coding, source coding and MAC layer,
Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), assigned to the Business Support System (BSS).
massive Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) and Device-
to-Device (D2D) communication [3]. D2D communication Such an architecture allows mobile users to move between
represents one such technology that can potentially solve the base stations using various wireless standards, excluding
capacity bottleneck problem of legacy cellular systems. This disruptions in the service network [6]. Furthermore, using a
new paradigm enables direct interaction between nearby Long common OpenFlow interface on both SDN switches and SDN
Term Evolution (LTE) based devices, minimizing the data base stations, transparent interconnections between the core
transmissions in the radio access network. By doing so, it network and the radio access interface are provided, and
provides several benefits. First, direct communication can provides a universal management interface for all SDN
offload data from the treasured spectrum to out-of-band architectures for 5G networks.
technologies (i.e., WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.), improving spectral
efficiency. Second, data rates and coverage can be increased
for devices lacking direct access to the cellular infrastructure.
Third, higher energy efficiency can be achieved due to close

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 III. SDN ARCHITECTURE IN THE CASE OF
INTERACTION WITH D2D
Possible scenarios for the application of D2D
communications include, among other things, localized
services when D2D devices, when detecting proximity, interact
with each other [9]. These services include: social applications,
the implementation of which is due to the proximity of the
called user, advertising, local exchange of information; smart
communication ("smart" communication in a specific,
measurable, achievable and meaningful goal). Other
applications include information security support, when D2D
devices provide connectivity to the local network, including in
case of damage to the heterogeneous 5G infrastructure [10].
D2D communications should enable users to feel the
benefits of an ultra-dense network architecture in terms of
reducing the length of delays, increasing the data transfer rate
and reducing power consumption. D2D communications will
also solve new tasks in the field of network design and security,
mobility management and interference. In addition, the success Fig. 1. The proposed Software-Defined D2D communication architecture.
of this technology largely depends on scenarios in which users
in close proximity communicate, as well as from applications
IV. CONSTRUCTION OF THE SIMULATION MODEL
that will be developed in the coming years.
For testing SDN controllers using D2D communication, a
It is proposed to use D2D to create mobile clouds, a mesh network was built in the Mininet-WiFi emulator. With
powerful concept that enables diverse services for a wide the help of the Iperf utility, the circular delay and transmission
variety of applications such as proximity-based social capacity of such a network is investigated.
networking (e.g., online gaming, video streaming),
advertisements for by-passers, public safety (devices provide at
least local connectivity in the case of damage to the radio
infrastructure), intelligent vehicle communications, and
efficient content distribution. Secondly, the architecture is built
to improve public safety for LTE. The basic idea of 3GPP is
the connection of D2D controller applications and the hierarchy
of SDN controllers on the network, so as to connect the
formation and management of mobile device clouds with
centralized management, allocation of resources and routing
functions from the SDN.
The cloud formation process is divided in two phases. In
the first phase, a User Equipment (UE) initiates formation of
mobile cloud by broadcasting a request to the nearby devices Fig. 2. Round-Trip Time (RTT).
by using an out-of-band technology (e.g., Wi-Fi Direct,
Bluetooth etc.) Based on the information received from the
responding UEs, a mobile cloud is formed and it is registered at
a global SDN controller. In the second phase, the central SDN
controller will have a global view of all served clouds with the
services they offer. At this point, the global controller will be
able to setup the clouds upon users requests [11]. The SDN
controller has also a visibility of link qualities between
UEs/CHs and residual batteries, which it can use to compute
routing paths between the CHs.

Fig. 3. Circular delay.

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 When testing the network throughput, the following results The experimental results showed that the bandwidth of an
were obtained: SDN network built using a cellular topology, with a large
number of connected devices, does not deviate from the values
set by it within the permissible statistical error. The round trip
time delay in the experiment did not exceed 4.8 ms, which is a
good result for wireless mesh networks, in which each node
acts as a router and introduces its own delay. Based on the
results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of SDN
technology for D2D communications is justified.

V. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a decision was proposed to organize the fifth
generation communication networks, based on the convergence
of two modern paradigms: Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
and Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. To test the
efficiency of the proposed solution, a simulation model was
proposed for testing controllers of a program-defined network
for interaction with D2D communications. As a result of the
Fig. 4. UDP network bandwidth.
testing, the main characteristics of the controllers and their
variation under different load profiles were investigated. Have
received circular delay and throughput.
In this work we showed the advantages of use SDN
technology for D2D communications is justified.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The publication has been prepared with the support of the
“RUDN University Program 5-100” and funded by RFBR
according to the research projects No. 12-34-56789 and No.
12-34-56789.

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