Faculty of Commerce

Department of Commerce and Business Administration

University of Allahabad
Prayagraj

SYLLABUS

FOR

B. Com. Part-I, Part-II and Part-III

Three Year Degree Course
w.e.f. Academic Session: 2024-2025

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 B. Com. Three Year Degree Syllabus
B. Com. Part – I
Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – A
101 Financial Accounting
102 Business Law
Group – B
103 Business Economics
104 Business Communication

Group – C
105 Money, Banking and Foreign Exchange
106 Business Organisation and Management

B. Com. Part – II

Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – D
201 Cost Accounting
202 Business Statistics
Group – E
203 Auditing
204 Company Law
Group - F
205 Financial Management
206 Business Environment

B. Com. Part – III

Paper Name
Compulsory
Group – G
301 Income Tax Law and Accounts
302 Goods &Services Tax and Customs Law
Group – H
303 Entrepreneurship
304 Corporate Accounting
Optional Groups (Any One of the following)
Group – I Financial Services
305 - A Insurance and Risk Management
305 - B Banking Law and Practices
Group - J Financial Market System
306 - A Capital and Security Market
306 - B International Trade and Tariff
Group - K Functional Management
307 – A Human Resource Management
307 – B Marketing Management

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 B.Com. Part- I

Group-‘A’
Paper - 101: Financial Accounting
Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical question shall be asked. Section-B shall offer a choice of attempting any
four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions shall be of
numerical problems.

1. Theoretical Framework
i. Accounting as an information system, the users of financial accounting information and
their needs. Qualitative characteristics of accounting information. Functions, advantages
and limitations of accounting. Branches of accounting. Bases of accounting: cash basis and
accrual basis.
ii. Financial accounting Principles: Meaning, need; Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles: entity, money measurement, going concern, cost, revenue recognition,
realization, accruals, periodicity, consistency, prudence (conservatism), materiality and full
disclosure.
iii. Accounting standards: Concept, benefits, Process of formulation of Accounting Standards
including Ind AS; Application of accounting standards (AS and Ind AS) on various entities
in India. International Financial Accounting Standards (IFRS) – meaning, need and scope.
2. Business Income, Accounting for PPE and Inventory Valuation
Business income: Concept of Revenue and Business Income, Measurement of business
income; relevance of accounting period, continuity doctrine and matching concept in the
measurement of business income; Objectives of measurement of Business income.
Revenue recognition: Recognition of expenses and income with a reference to AS 9.
Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment with reference to AS 10.Impact of
Depreciation on measurement of business income. Numerical ProblemsValuation of
Inventory with reference to AS 2. Impact of inventory valuation on measurement of
business income by using FIFO, LIFO, Weighted Average Method. Numerical Problems.
3. Royalty Accounts: Basic Terms- Royalty, Dead Rent, Short Working etc., Entries in the
books of Lessee and Lessor. Numerical Problems.
4. Accounts of Installment Retailing:
(a) Hire Purchase System: The System and its Operation, Analysis of Installment from
Accounting View Point, Entries in Hire Purchasers’ Books, Entries in Hire Vendors’ Books,
NumericalProblems.
(b) Installment Payment Method: System and its Operation, Entries in the Books of the
Buyer, Entries in the Books of the Seller, Comparison with Hire Purchase System. Numerical
Problems.
5. Accounts of Branch Organization: Features of Suitable System of Branch Accounts,
Accounts Relating to Branches Authorized to Sell Goods Supplied at Cost Price by the Head
Office for Cash as well as on Credit, Accounts relating to Branches when Goods Supplied by
the Head Office at Marked Price, Accounts Relating to Independent Branches.
NumericalProblems.
6. Accounts of Non-profit Organisations- Receipts and Payments and Income and Expenditure
Accounts and Balance Sheet; Accounts of Professionals. NumericalProblems.

Suggested Readings:
1. M.B. Shukla, Hariom Gupta, Financial Accounting, Kitab Mahal
2. Jagdish Prakash: Advanced Accountancy; PPB,
3. Ramendu Roy: Accounting Principles and Practice; PPB,
4. Jain & Narang: Advanced Accountancy; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
5. Maheshwari & Maheshwari: Advanced Accountancy; Vikas Publishing House,
6. R. K. Singh, P. Saxena & A. Agrawal: Advanced Accountancy, SPB
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 B.Com. Part- I
Group-‘A’
PAPER - 102: Business Law

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B.
Section-A shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10
marks each. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six
Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. The Indian Contract Act, 1872: Nature & Essential elements of Valid Contract,
Offer & Acceptance, Consideration, Competency of Parties, Free Consent, Void
Agreements, Contingent Contract, Quasi Contracts.
2. Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Contract of Sale- Essentials of a Contract of Sale, Sale and
Agreement to Sell, Types of goods, Conditions and Warranties, Implied Conditions
and warranties; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Transfer of ownership and title,
Performance of contract of sale; Unpaid seller- Rights of unpaid seller; Suit for
breach of contract.
3. The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008: Salient Features, Difference between
LLP and Partnership, LLP Agreement, Partners and Designated Partners- Duties and
Responsibilities, Incorporation and Registration, Extent of liability of LLP and
Partners, Dissolution.
4. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Meaning, Definition, Legal Presumptions, Types
of Negotiable Instruments (Promissory Notes, Bill of Exchange, Cheques), Holder
and Holder in Due Course, Endorsement, Crossing of Cheques.
5. The Information Technology Act, 2000: Definitions under the Act, Digital
Signature, Electronic governance, Attribution, acknowledgement and dispatch of
electronic records, Regulation of certifying authorities, Digital signatures certificates,
Duties of Subscribers, Penalties and adjudication, Appellate Tribunal, Offences.
6. Right to Information Act, 2005: Overview, Objectives, Features, Important
Provisions

Suggested Readings:

1. Kapoor N.D., Business Law, Sultan Chand &Sons

2. Avtar Singh-Business Law,
3. Mercantile Law -MC Kuchhal, Vikas Publishing House
4. Himanshu Srivastava: Business Law, Sikha Publishers
5. Garg, Saxena, Sharma & Chawla: Mercantile Law; Kalyani Publishers.
6. Shukla & Sahai: Business Law, Sahitya Bhawan Publication.

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 B.Com. Part- I
Group-‘B’
Paper - 103: Business Economics

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Introduction:
(a) Concept, Nature, and Scope of Business Economics.
(b)Utility Analysis: Concept and Form of Utility; Laws of Diminishing Marginal Utility and Equi-Marginal
Utility.
(c) Consumer’s Surplus ( Marshallian and Hicksian Approaches)
2. Demand Analysis:
(a) Concept and Classification of Demand; Determinants of Demand; Law of Demand.
(b)Elasticity of Demand: Concept of Elasticity of Price-Demand; Income-Demand, and Cross-
Demand; Degree and Measurement, Methods of Elasticity of Price-Demand; Relationship of
Elasticity of Price-Demand with Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.

(c)Demand Forecasting: Concept, Determinants, Objectives of Demand Forecasting; Methods of

Demand Forecasting for Established Products of a Firm. Importance of D emand Forecasting.

3. Production Analysis: Concept of Production; Laws of Production/ Variable Proportion and Return
to Scale, Economies and Diseconomies of Scale.

4. Cost and Revenue Analysis:

(a) Cost Analysis: Concept and Classification of Cost; Cost-Output Relationship; Significance of
Cost Analysis in Business Decision making.

(b) Revenue Analysis: Concept of Revenue; Classification of Revenue; Revenue Output

Relationships.

5. Pricing Analysis: Market Competition Forms; Pricing of Output under Perfect Competition;
Monopoly; Discriminating Monopoly and Imperfect Competition, Pricing Strategy.

6. Theories of Distribution: Ricardian and Modern Theories of Rent, Keynesian Liquidity Preference
and Modern Theories of Interest ,Marginal Productivity and Modern Theories of Wage

Suggested Readings:

1. P. N. Chopra: Business Economics, Kalyani Publishers,

2. H.K.Singh & Meera Singh: Business Economics; Kalyani Publishers,
3. D.D. Chaturvedi, S.L.Gupta & Anand Mittal: Managerial Economics, Brijwasi Book
Distributors, Delhi
4. K.K. Dewett: Modern Economic Theory; Shyam Lal Charitable Trust, New Delhi

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 B.Com. Part- I
Group-‘B’
Paper-104:Business Communication

Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B.

Section-A shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10
marks each. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six
Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Elements of Communication: Concept, process; Forms of Communication: Formal and

Informal, vertical, horizontal; Verbal and Non-verbal communication; Communication
Channels.
2. Interactive Communication: Meaning and Types of Interviews, Group Discussion,
Brain-Storming; Listening skills; Elements of effective communication; Communication
barriers.
3. Formal Communication: Business Meetings- physical meetings; online meetings;
meeting etiquettes; Notice; Agenda; Minutes; Press Release; Seminars.
4. Letter and Report Writing: Types of Reports; Elements of a Business Report, Inserting
visuals such as tables, diagrams and charts in writing report; Citation rules (APA style);
Working with the features of word processing software.
5. Business Correspondence: Types of Business letters; Parts of Business Letters, Formats
of Business Letters- Full block; Inviting quotations, sending quotations, placing orders,
sales letters, claim & adjustment letters; Job application letter; Resume Writing; Writing
Memo.
6. Presentation Skills: Significance; Power Point Presentation- Presentation Plan, preparing
effective slides, inserting videos, tables, graphs and figures in slides, creating hyperlinks.
7. Technology in Business Communication: Role and Significance of Technology in
Business Communication, E-Mail; Video Conferencing; Using Social Networking
platforms for business communication; Document sharing and collaborative working;
Privacy and data security issues in business communication and documentation.

Suggested Readings:

1. Verma Ekta: Business Communication, Shikha Publishers, Prayagraj

2. Arthur H., Dayle M.: Business Communication, John Wiley & Sons, London
3. Bovée Courtland L., & Thill John V.: Business Communication Today, Pearson, New Delhi
4. Bailey Gerry & Way Steve: Communication, Gareth Stevens Pub. New York
5. Kumar Dinesh, Yadav B.P., & Goswami Sanjai: Business Communication and Computer, Astha
Publications,
6. Veech Annette M.: Managerial Communication Strategies, Prentice Hall, New Delhi

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 B.Com. Part- I
Group-‘C’
Paper – 105: Money, Banking and Foreign Exchange

Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B.

Section-A shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10
marks each. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six
Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Money: Definition, Functions, Significance and Classification; Role of Money in Different

Economies – Capitalist, Socialist and Mixed.
2. Demand for and Supply of Money: Demand for Money: Concept Approaches: Classical,
Keynesian, Portfolio Balance and Wealth Adjustment. Supply of Money: Concept,
Approaches: Conventional, Chicago, Gurley – Shaw and the RBI Approach.
3. Value of Money: Meaning and Determination – Quantity Theory of Money – Cash
Transaction Approach; Cash Balance Approach, Real Balance Approach and Income –
Expenditure Theory. Measurement of Value of Money – Index Number, Effect of Changes in
the Value of Money – Inflation and Deflation.
4. Banking: Definition, Functions, Significance, Types of Banks, Banking Operations, Process
and Limits of Credit Creation.
5. Central Banking: Functions of Central Banking, Objectives and Methods of Credit Control
(With special reference to RBI).
6. Monetary Policy: Meaning, Objectives, Suitable Monetary Policy for a Developing Country
like India, Instruments of Monetary Policy.
7. Banking Reforms: Major banking development and reform, Digital Banking: Meaning,
Benefits of digital payments, digital currency, Crypto currency, e-Rupi, RTGS, NEFT, ECS-
Critical Evaluation. Bharat Interface for money.
8. Foreign Exchange: Meaning and problem of foreign exchange Determination of Exchange
Rate: Mint Parity Theory, Purchasing Power Parity Theory and Balance of Payments Theory;
Liberalized Exchange Rate Mechanism (LERM).Inflation and Deflation and its effect on
value of money.
9. I.M.F.: Objectives, Organization and Working. The Problems of International Liquidity.
Special Drawing Rights.

Suggested Readings:

1. M. L. Seth-Money, Banking, International trade and Public Finance, LNA Publisher

2. D. M. Mithani: Money Banking, International Trade & Public Finance; HPH
3. Hari Gopal Das: Money Banking and Foreign Exchange: Sharda Pustak Bhawan
4. Singh R. K. & Singh Amit: Mudra Banking Aur AntarrastriyaVyapar; Astha Pub.,

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 B.Com. Part- I
Group-‘C’
Paper -106: Business Organisation and Management

Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each. Section- B
shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Introduction to Organizations and Management: Meaning; Nature, scope of

management;Evolution of Management Thought:Classical, Neo-Classical, and Modern
Schools; Management as a science and an art; Levels of management; Roles and
responsibilities of managers
2. Management Theories:Scientific Management: Principles and applicationsAdministrative
Management: Functions of management and principles Behavioral Theory: Hawthorne
Studies and the importance of human relations. Contingency theory
3. Essential Functions of Management:Planning: Nature, types, significance, limitations,
MBO.Decision-making: Types, process, rationality and limitations.Organizing: Concept,
structures (line, functional, matrix), authority/responsibility, delegation, centralization vs.
decentralizationDirecting: Principles and techniques.Communication: Process, levels, types,
barriers and effective strategies.Controlling: Process, methods and techniquesCoordination:
Concept, techniques and barriers.
4. Leadership and Motivation:Leadership: Concept and Styles; Trait and Situational Theory
of Leadership.Motivation:Concept and Importance; Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory;
Herzberg Two Factors Theory.
5. Organization of Business: Components and objectives of Business,Ownership forms-
proprietary and corporate; organized business; family business, multinational businesses;
Functions of business- production & operations, marketing, accounting, finance and human
resource management. Manufacturing, and service sectors: Characteristics and distinctions.
6. Locational Planning and Business Combinations: Importance of business location
decisions, Factors affecting location choice, Weber's Deductive Theory, and Sargent
Florence's Inductive Theory; Business combinations: Meaning, reasons, types; Forms of
combinations: Mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures; Advantages and disadvantages of
combinations, Combinations in Indian industries.
7. Social Responsibility and Ethics, and Emerging Opportunities: Social responsibility of
business, Business ethics, and decision-making frameworks, Franchising: Features,
advantages, disadvantages, scope, Outsourcing: Concepts, benefits, risks, and best practices,
E-Commerce: Models, opportunities, challenges, and growth trends, Strategic considerations.

Suggested Readings:

1. Drucker, F. Peter -Management-Tasks, Responsibilities & Practices

2. Neeru Vasisth - Principles of Management, Taxmann Publications
3. Koontz 'O' Donnel, Weihrich - Elements of Management, PHI
4. Drucker, F. Peter -The Practice of Management
5. P Subbarao –Management-Theory and Practice- HPH
6. Stoner and Freeman -Principles of Management, PHI

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 B. Com. Part- II
Group ‘D’
Paper - 201: Cost Accounting

Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical question shall be asked. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any
four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions shall be of
numerical problems.

1. Introduction to Cost Accounting:Nature, Principles, Objectives, Importance, Limitations of

Cost Accounting; Difference between financial and cost accounting; Cost classification;
Concept of cost unit and cost center, Elements of Cost; Installation of an Ideal Costing
System: Steps in installing a Costing System, Difficulties in Installing a Costing System. Cost
Accounting Standards (CASs) – An Overview
2. Material:
(a) Purchase: Centralized purchasing, Decentralized Purchasing, Purchase Procedure.
(b) Storage of Material: Stores department, classification and codification, Bin Card, Two
Bin System, Stores Ledger Card, Difference between Store ledger and Bin Card, Treatment of
Spoilage, Wastage and Scrap of Material.
(c) Issue of Material: Methods of pricing of Material issued: Cost price methods, Average
cost price methods and Notional price method.
(d) Control: Objectives, Methods of Inventory Control: ROP,ABCAnalysis,Stock Level and
EOQ concept.
3. Labour: Time Keeping and Time Booking, Methods of Time Keeping, Methods of Time
Booking, Job Card System, Types of Job Card, Methods of Remunerating Labour, Various
Incentive Plans, Labour turnover, Measurement of Labour Turnover.
4. Overheads: Classification; Allocation, Apportionment and Re-apportionment, Principles of
apportionment, Methods of Re-apportionment, Absorption of Overheads, Methods of
Absorption of Overheads.
5. Single Unit or Output Costing: Concept and need; cost sheet; tender/quotation price.
Numerical Problems.
6. Contract Costing– Meaning, features and types of contract, Methods of cost determination,
Escalation clause and cost-plus contract. Numerical Problems.
7. Process Costing: Process Cost Account, Transfer to Warehouse, Abnormal wastage and
abnormal efficiency, Normal wastage account, Joint products and By-products; Oil crushing,
Refining and Finishing processes, Transfer Pricing-Inter process. Numerical Problems
8. Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts – Numerical Problems
9. Operating Costing (only Transport and Hotel) – Numerical Problems.
10. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis (Material &Labour only)-Numerical Problems,
Budgetary Control, Performance Budgeting and Zero Base Budgeting.

Suggested Readings:
1. S. P. Jain & K. L. Narang: Cost Accounting: Principles and Practice; Kalyani Publishers,
2. M. C. Shukla, T. S. Grewal & M. P. Gupta: Cost Accounting: Text and Problems; S. Chand
& Company,
3. R. K. Singh, Hariom Gupta and S.S. Shukla: Cost Accounting, Sikha Publishers
4. A. K. Garg : Cost Accounting: An Analytical Study, Swati Prakashan

9
 B. Com. Part- II
Group ‘D’
Paper - 202: Business Statistics
Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section- B shall offer a choice of
attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions
shall be of numerical/practical problems.

1. Introduction: Meaning, Importance and Limitation; Collection, Classification, Tabulation

and Presentation of Data.
2. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean,
Relation between Averages.
3. Measures of Dispersion: Range Method, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Coefficient
of Variation, Quartile Deviation.
4. Measures of Skewness: Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness, Bowley’s Coefficient
ofSkewness
5. Correlation: Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, Spearman’s Rank Correlation
Coefficient.
6. Analysis of Time Series: Moving Average Method, Least Square Method, Seasonal
Variations, Irregular Fluctuations.
7. Index Number: Un-weighted Index Number, Changing and Shifting of Base, Weighted Index
Number, Cost of Living Index Number, Fisher’s Ideal Index Number, Reversibility Tests.
8. Interpolation: Parabolic Curve Method, Newton’s Method, Binomial Expansion Method,
Lagrange’s Method.
9. Probability: Classical and Axiomatic Definitions, Addition Theorem, Multiplication
Theorem (Numerical Problems only).

Suggested Readings:

1.Ramendu Roy: Principles of Statistics; PPB

2. K. L. Gupta: Business Statistics; Navyug ShahityaSadan,
3. D. N. Elhance: Fundamentals of Statistics; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad
4. S. P. Gupta: Statistical Methods; S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi
5. R. K. Singh & D. K. Verma : Advanced Statistics (Uchchtar Sannkhikiya); PPB,
6. Singh R. K. & S. Shankar; Business Statistics; Kitab Mahal, Allahabad

10
 B. Com. Part- II
Group ‘E’
Paper – 203: Auditing
Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B.
Section-A shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10
marks each. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six
Questions carrying 20 marks each.
1. Introduction to Auditing :Meaning, Scope, Objectives and Limitations of Auditing, Audit
Process, Statutory Audit , Environmental and Forensic Audit, Modern Auditing Standards
and Guidelines (e.g., ISA,PCAOB ), Audit Programme, Electronic workpapers, Audit vs
Investigation.
2. Internal Control System: Meaning, Objective, Implications, Internal Control
Vs.InternalCheck,Modern Internal Control Frame works: Overview of COSO and COBIT
Framework for effective internal control, Reliance on Internal Controls: updated guidance
on assessing control risk and the use of control tests in audit planning.
3. Vouching of Transactions: Meaning, Objective, Significance and General Principles of
Vouching, Digital VouchingTechnique, Vouching of Electronic Transactions: Special
considerations for digital currencies, online sales, and electronic funds transfers.
4. Verification and Valuation: Meaning, Objective and Principles of Verification and
Valuation,Modern Valuation Techniques: Incorporating fair value measurement, intangible
assets, and digital assets. Guidelines on Verification of Assets issued by Institute of
Chartered Accounts of India, Verification and Valuation of various Assets and Liabilities.
5. Company Auditor: Appointment, Rotation, Qualifications, Disqualifications,
Remuneration, Removal, Rights and Liabilities of Company Auditor. Digital Competence
and Skills: Highlighting the importance of IT skills, data analysis capabilities, and
understanding of digital platforms.
6. Auditor’s Report: Scope, Contents, Types of Audit Report, Modern Reporting Requirements:
Incorporating the latest changes in audit report formats, including key audit matters, and
going concern evaluations.
7. Audit of Banking and Insurance Companies: Features and special points relating to
audit of Banking Company and Insurance Company, Regulatory Changes and Challenges:
Updated with recent regulatory developments, financial technologies (FinTech), and their
impact on audits.
8. Risk Management Auditing: Emphasis on auditing the effectiveness of risk management
practices, particularly in the context of digital banking and Insurtech.
9. Cost Audit and Management Audit: Meaning, Objectives, Significance and Cost Audit
Report Rule, Sustainability and Environmental Auditing: Integrating sustainability audits
and the evaluation of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
10. Tax Audit and Secretarial Audit: Meaning, Objectives and Significance, e-filing, and
compliance with digital regulations, special points relating to Tax and Secretarial audit,
Corporate Governance Auditing.
Suggested Readings:
1. Ekta Verma, Auditing- Shikha Publication
2. Jagdish Prakash: Auditing – Principles, Practices & Problems; Kalyani Publishers,
3. G. D. Verma, Pradeep Kumar, Baldev Sachdeva & Singh: Auditing – Theory and
Practice; Kalyani Publishers
4. Rittenberg, Larry J., Karla M. Johnstone, and Audrey A. Gramling: Auditing: A
Risk-Based Approach; Cengage Learning.
5. Arens, Alvin A., Randal J. Elder, and Mark S. Beasley: Auditing and Assurance
Services: An Integrated Approach; Pearson.
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 B. Com. Part- II
Group ‘E’
Paper – 204: Company Law
Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each. Section- B
shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Introduction: Characteristics; Lifting of Corporate Veil; Types of Companies including

One Person Company, Small Company and Dormant Company; Association Not for Profit;
Illegal Association; Formation of Company.
2. Documents: Memorandum of Association, Article of Association; Doctrine of
Constructive Notice and Indoor Management, Prospectus- Shelf and Red Herring
Prospectus, Misstatement in Prospectus, Book building Issue.
3. Shares and Debentures: Issue, Allotment, Call and Forfeiture of Share; Buyback of Share,
Issue of Sweat Equity Share, ESOP, Bonus Issue, Right Issue.
4. Management: Classification of Directors, Women Directors, Independent Directors, Small
Share Holder’s Directors; Disqualification, Director Identity Number (DIN); Appointment
Removal of Director; Key Managerial Personnel, Managerial Remuneration.
5. Meeting: Meeting of Shareholder and Board; Types of Meeting, Convening and Conduct
of Meeting, Postal Ballot, e-Voting, Quorum, Proxy, Minute.
6. Distribution of Profits: Profit and Ascertainment of Divisible Profits; Declaration and
Payment of Dividend; Unpaid Dividend Account; Investor Education and Protection Fund
7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Applicability of CSR; Types of CSR Activities;
CSR Committee and Expenditure; Net Profit for CSR; Reporting Requirements.
8. Winding Up: Concept, Compulsory Winding up, Voluntary Winding up (Insolvency and
Bankruptcy Code, 2016)
9. Insider-Trading: Meaning and Legal Provisions.

Suggested Readings:

1. Himanshu Srivastava, Mohit Bahal: Company Law; Shuchita Prakashan,

2. G.K. Kapoor: Corporate Laws & Secretarial Practices; Premier Book Company,
3. Garg, Chawla & Gupta: Company Law; Kalyani Publishers, (Hindi & English)

12
 B. Com. Part- II
Group ‘F’
Paper – 205: Financial Management

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section- B shall offer a choice of
attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions
shall be of numerical/practical problems.

1. Financial Management: Nature, scope and objectives and functions.

2. Financial Decision Making: Relevance and objectives- Wealth maximization vs. Profit
maximization, Basic dimensions of financial decisions- Risk and Return, Time Value of
Money
3. Financial Planning; Concept, Process, characteristics of Sound Financial Plans; Factors
Affecting Financial Plan; Sources of Finance – Owned and Borrower.
4. Financial Statement Analysis: Liquidity Ratios. Profitability Ratios, Activity Ratios,
Solvency Ratios. Practical Problems
5. Capitalization: Theories of Capitalization, Causes, Consequences and Remedies of over &
under capitalization.
6. Long-term Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting Process- Features, Significance,
Types of capital budgeting decisions, Accounting Profit vs. Cash Flows.
7. Techniques of Capital Budgeting: Payback Period Method, Accounting Rate of Return, Net
Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index. Practical Problems
8. Cost of Capital: Concept, importance, components: Cost of Equity, Cost of Retained
Earnings, Cost of Debt and Cost of Preference Capital, Weighted Average Cost of Capital
(WACC). Practical Problems
9. Leverage Analysis: Concept of leverages, Operating and Financial leverages: Importance;
Combined leverage. Practical Problems
10. Dividends: Kinds & determinants; Cash and stock dividends. Dividend policy and retained
earnings, Walter Formula. Practical Problems
11. Concept of Working Capital: Operating cycle, Net and gross working capital, Factors
affecting working capital requirements. Current assets financing, Need for adequate working
capital, Liquidity vs. profitability.

Suggested Readings:

1. Rustagi, R.P. Fundamentals of Financial Management, Taxmann.

2. Khan, M.Y & Jain, P.K.: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Pandey, I. M.: Financial Management; Vikas Publishing House.
4. Chandra, Prasana: Financial Management; Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Gupta, Hariom and Bahal, Mohit: Financial Management, Kitab Mahal

13
 B. Com. Part- II
Group-‘F’
Paper - 206: Business Environment

Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each. Section- B
shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20 marks each.

Unit 1: Introduction to Business Environment: Concept, Components, Features, Macro-

environment: meaning, components- Demographic, political, social, cultural, economic, technological
and legal; Micro-environment: meaning, components- Internal environment and external micro-
environment.

Unit 2: Economic Environment: New Industrial Policy: Key provisions, Impact on business
Foreign Trade Policy: Export Promotion Strategies, Import Substitution Strategies
Fiscal Policy: Taxation, Government Expenditure, Fiscal Deficit and its implications, Deficit
Financing. Monetary Policy: Definition, objectives, and instruments of monetary policy (e.g., repo
rate, CRR, SLR)

Unit 3: Social and Political Environment: Regional Imbalance: Nature, Causes, Consequences,
Measures to address. Consumer Protection: Consumer Rights, Consumer Protection Act, 2019- Key
Provisions. Corporate Social Responsibility: Meaning, Carroll’s Model, Corporate Governance-
meaning and significance. Impact of Political environment on Business.

Unit 4: Legal environment: Key Regulatory Authorities: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI); Intellectual Property
Rights-meaning (IPRs), Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights;

Unit 5: International Business Environment: Multinational Corporations: Characteristics, Role in

the Global Economy, Types of Foreign Collaborations, Joint Ventures,
Foreign Direct Investment: Forms, Advantages and Disadvantages for an economy
World Trade Organization: Objectives, Role and impact on International Business

Unit 6: Environmental Protection: Sustainable development: Meaning and significance

Environment Protection Act, 1986: Key Provisions, National Green Tribunal: Objectives, Functions

Unit 7: Technological environment: Impact of emerging technologies (like AI, big data, blockchain)
on business models; Opportunities and Challenges

Suggested Readings:
1. Ekta Verma, Business in a Box, Edwin Publishers
2. Paul, Justin: Business Environment, MgGraw Hill,
3. Salim, Sheikh: Business Environment, Pearson
4. Rosy Joshi & Sangam Kapoor: Business Environment; Kalyani Publishers,
5. A. K. Malviya: Business Environment; PPB, Allahabad (Hindi)
6. Singh, R. K. & Sudhir Sinha: Business Environment; Astha Publication,
7. Singh R. K. & Amit Singh: Vyavashayik Paryavaran; Astha Pub.,
8. M. Adhikari: Economic Environment of Business; S. Chand & Sons,

14
 B. Com. Part- III
Group- ‘G’
Paper - 301: Income Tax Law and Accounts

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section- B shall offer a choice of
attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions
shall be of numerical/practical problems.

1. Basic Concepts: Assessee, Types of Assessee , Assessment Year, Previous, Year, Gross
Total Income, Total Income, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance, Residential Status and Tax
Incidence, Exempted Incomes under Section 10.

2. Agricultural Incomes; Meaning,Types, Integration of Agriculture Income with Non-agricultural

Incomes.

3. Computation of Income under Different Heads: (a) Salaries (b) Income from House
Property (c) Profit and Gains of Business or Profession (d)Capital Gains (e) Income from
other Sources. Numerical Problems

4. (a)Deductions from Gross Total Income

(b)Set off &Carry forward of Losses and Clubbing of Income

(c)Rebate & Reliefs

4. Computation ofTotal Income :- Assessment of Individual and Firm. Numerical Problems

5. Assessment and Returns: Types of Assessment, Online Filing of Returns, Advance Payment of
Tax, Tax Deduction at Source (TDS), Tax Collection at Source (TCS) and New Tax Regimes.

6. Income Tax Authorities: Powers of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Assessing Officer,
Appeals and Procedures of Assessment.

Note: The course contents shall be modified by the Head of the Department as applicable on 1st July
of each academic year according to the Prevailing Tax Laws.

Suggested Readings:

1. V. P. Gaur ; D. B. Narang: Income Tax – Law & Practice; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
2. Ahuja, Girish; Ravi Gupta: Systematic Approach to Income Tax; Bharat Law House, New Delhi
3. H. C. Mehrotra: Income Tax Law; Sahitya Bhawan, Agra
4. V. K. Singhania: Students’ Guide to Income Tax, Taxman Publications (P) Ltd. Delhi

15
 B. Com. Part-III
Group- ‘G’
Paper – 302: Goods &Services Tax and Customs Law
Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B.
Section-A shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10
marks each. Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six
Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. Basic Concepts: Meaning of GST, Features, Merits & Demerits, Meaning of Goods and
Services, Person, Taxable person , Place of Business, Place of Supply, Input tax & Output
tax , Reverse Charge, Exempted Goods, Various rate of taxes, Types of GST (CGST, SGST,
IGST, UTGST).
2. Registration: Procedure of registration, compulsory registration, Voluntary, amendment of
registration, cancellation and revocation of registration.
3. Composition Levy: Meaning, Features, specified rates, persons not eligible for composition
scheme, person eligible to opt composition scheme with drawl of composition scheme,
payment of tax, returns, penalty and fines.
4. Place and Time of Supply: Determination of Place of Supply of Goods and Services: Intra
state & Interstate, Time of Supply of Goods, Time of Supply of Services,
5. Input Tax Credit: Meaning, Eligibility and Conditions for taking input tax credit, situation in
which ITC not allowed, Reversal of ITC, availability of credit in special circumstances.
6. Returns: Procedure of filling returns, periodicity of returns, various forms for filling of
returns, final return, notice to return defaulters, levy of late fee.
7. Assessment and Refund: Self-Assessment, Provisional Assessment, Scrutiny of Returns,
Assessment of Unregistered Persons, Summary Assessment, Refund.
8. Customs Law: Concepts, Territorial Waters, High Seas, Types of CustomsDuties,
Valuation, Baggage - Rules and Exemptions.

Suggested Readings:

1. Himanshu Srivastava, Mohit Bahal: GST; Shuchita Prakashan ,

2. Ekta Verma, Prabhat Agarwal: Goods & Services Tax, Shikha Publications,
3. Vinod K. Singhania: Students’ Guide To GST & Customs Law, Taxmann.

16
 B. Com. Part-III
Group- ‘H’
Paper- 303: Entrepreneurship
Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Introduction: Meaning and significance of entrepreneurship; role of entrepreneur in an economy;

Entrepreneurial Competencies; Theories of Entrepreneurship-Hagen’s theory, Innovation theory
of Schumpeter, Max Weber theory of entrepreneurship
2. Dimensions of Entrepreneurship: Intrapreneurship, Technopreneurship; Cultural
Entrepreneurship; International Entrepreneurship; Netpreneurship; Ecopreneurship, Social
Entrepreneurship
3. Entrepreneurship Development: Environmental Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial
Development, Entrepreneurship Development Programmes and their Critical Evaluation;
Government Policies for entrepreneurship development
4. Entrepreneurial Process: Opportunity Sensing and Identification process, Sources of Business
Ideas and Tests of Feasibility. Preparation of Business Plan/ Project Proposal, Contents of
Business Plan/Project, Project Appraisal and its Techniques.
5. Creativity and Innovation: Types and Techniques of Creative Thinking- Focus Groups,
Brainstorming, Attitude Analysis, Synectics; Innovation- Types and Phases. Knowledge
Management and its role in Innovation.
6. Entrepreneurial Sustainability: Social support system for entrepreneurship; Public and Private
system of stimulation; Availability of Finance, Marketing, Technological and Managerial support
systems. Entrepreneurs’ Self-help group, Trade and Industry associations; Business incubators.
7. Rural Entrepreneurship: Definition, Meaning, Need,significance in the Indian context;
Opportunities and Challenges; Growth of Rural Entrepreneurship in India.
8. Managing Start-Up: Mobilising Resources for Start-Up, Accommodation and Utilities,
Preliminary Contracts with the vendors, suppliers, bankers, principal customers; Contract
Management; Basic Start-Up problem, Ease of Doing Business, Startup India scheme, Make in
India initiative.

Suggested Readings:

1. Verma, Ekta : Entrepreneurial Development: Innovate and Elevate, Edwin Publishers.

2. Desai Vasant : Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management, HPH,
3. Khanka S. S.: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Sultan Chand & Sons,
4. Taneja, S., &Gupta, S. L.- Entrepreneurship Development-New Venture creation, Galgotia
Publishing House.
5. Shukla M. B.: Entrepreneurial and Small Business Management, Kitab Mahal.
6. Srivastava S. B.: A Practical Guide to Industrial Entrepreneurs, S. Chand &Sons.
7. Holt: Entrepreneurship- New Venture Creation, PHI,
8. Zimmerver & Scarborough: Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management,
PHI,

17
 B. Com. Part-III
Group- ‘H’
Paper – 304:Corporate Accounting

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each out of
which at least one numerical / practical question shall be asked. Section- B shall offer a choice of
attempting any four out of six questions carrying 20 marks each. Four Questions out of Six Questions
shall be of numerical/practical problems.

1. Accounting for Share Capital & Debentures: Types of shares; Issue and allotment of
shares; forfeiture and reissue of forfeited shares; Issue of rights and bonus shares; Buy Back
of shares; Issue and Redemption of preference shares and Debentures. Practical Problems.

2. Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies: Preparation of financial statements of

corporate entities including one Person Company as per Schedule III of the Companies Act
2013. Practical Problems.
3. Amalgamation of Companies: Concept of Amalgamation; Consideration/purchase price for
amalgamation; accounting entries for amalgamation; preparation of amalgamated balance
sheet. Practical Problems
4. Accounting for Reconstruction – Concept, Need, Internal and External Reconstruction.
Practical Problems.
5. Accounts of Holding Company: Concept and meaning of different terms: holding
company, subsidiary company, pre-acquisition profit/loss, post-acquisition profit/loss,
minority interest/non-controlling interest; cost of control/Goodwill or gain on bargain
purchase. Meaning and need for consolidation of financial statements; Preparation of
consolidated Balance Sheet. Practical Problems.
6. Liquidation of a Company: Meaning and modes of winding up; Procedures of winding up;
Contributories; Preferential payments; Preparation of Liquidator’s Final Statement of
Account. Practical Problems.
7. Corporate Financial Reporting: Meaning, need and objectives; Constituents of Annual
Report and how it is different from financial statements; Contents of report of the Board of
Directors; XBRL Reporting. Drafting of Notes to Accounts. Triple Bottom Line Reporting,
CSR Reporting.

Suggested Readings:

1. Dam, B.B. & Gautam, H.C.-Corporate Accounting Gayatri Publications.

1. Goyal, B. K.- Corporate Accounting, Taxmann Publication.
2. Goyal, V. K., & Goyal, R.- Corporate Accounting, PHI Learning.
3. Jain, S. P., & Narang, K.L-Corporate Accounting, Kalyani Publishers.
4. Monga, J. R. (2019). Fundamentals of Corporate Accounting. Mayur Paperbacks.
5. Maheshwari, S. N., Maheshwari,S.K., Corporate Accounting. Vikas Publishing House.
6. Mukherjee, A., & Hanif, M.Corporate Accounting.TMH.
7. Shukla, M. C., Grewal, T. S., & Gupta, S.C. Advanced Accounts, S.Chand &Sons.
8. Sehgal, A. Fundamentals of Corporate Accounting, Taxmann Publication.
9. Tulsian, P.C.,&Tulsian, B. (2016). Corporate Accounting, S. Chand &Sons.

18
 B. Com. Part-III
OPTIONAL GROUPS
Group- ‘I’: Financial Services
Paper- 305 -A: Insurance and Risk Management

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Principles of Insurance: Principle of Cooperation, Insurable Interest, Utmost Good Faith,

Indemnity, Subrogation, Causa-Proxima, Over and Under Insurance, Contribution, Pro-Rata
Clause, Paid-Up Value, Re-Insurance.
2. Life Insurance: Fundamental principles of life Insurance, Procedure for effecting Life Insurance,
Kinds of Life Insurance Policies, Whole Life, Endowment and Term Policies, Individual and
Group Insurance policies, Policies for children and females, Policy Conditions, Nomination and
Assignment, Claims Settlement.
3. Life Insurance Premium: Factors affecting premium of Life Insurance Policies, Methods of
Premium Computation, Importance of Mortality Tables in Premium Computation, Net single
premium, Net annual level premium
4. Valuation, Surplus and Bonus: Objects of Valuation, Sources of Surplus, Bonus, Calculation of
Premium and bonus
5. Fire Insurance: Fire Insurance Contract Principles, Types of Fire Insurance Policies, Fire Policy
Conditions, Claims Settlement
6. Marine Insurance: Marine Insurance Contract, Express and Implied Warranties under Marine
Insurance, Types of Marine Policies, Policy Conditions/ Clauses, Claims Settlement
7. Risk Management: Objectives and Scope of Risk Management, Classification of Risks, Risk
Management Process: Risk Analysis, Risk Implementing and Administering risk management
program.
8. Risk Management Strategies: Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Retention, Risk
Combination, Risk Transfer, Risk Sharing, Risk Hedging, Insurance as a Risk Management Tool.
Personal risk management, Loss forecasting.

Suggested Readings:

1. Khan Arif M.: Theory and Practices of Insurance, Educational Book House,
2. Verma, Ekta: Insurance Management, Edwin Publishers, USA
3. Motihar M.: Principle and Practices of Insurance, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
4. Huebner, S. S.: Life Insurance, Appletion – Century-Crofts, Inc (NY)
5. Mishra M.N., and Mishra S.B.: Insurance Principles and Practice, Sultan Chand & Sons,

19
 B. Com. – III

Group- ‘I’: Financial Services

Paper No. 305 – B: Banking Law and Practices

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Bank-Customer Relationship: Definition of Customer, Bank Customer Relationship and its

special features, Termination of the relationship, Bank Pass Book.
2. Customer Accounts: Opening of Account, Operation of Account, Special Customers of a Bank-
Minor, Married Women, Lunatic, Drunkard, Joint Accounts, Partnership Firms, Joint Stock
Company and Trustees.
3. Employments of Bank Funds: Cash Reserve and other Non-Earning Assets, Earning Assets:
Money at Call and Short Notice, Investment, Loans and Advances, Discounting of Bill.
4. Modes of Securing Advances: Personal Security, Guarantee and indemnity and Collateral
Securities: Lien, Pledge, Mortgage and Hypothecation.
5. Securities of Advances: General Principles for secured advances, Types of Collateral Securities
– Stock Exchange Securities, Goods, Documents of Title of Goods, Life Insurance Policies,
Immovable Property, Fixed Deposit Receipt, Book Debts
6. Banking Regulations: Bank License– Issue, Suspension and Revocation, Inspection of Bank
Offices, Branch Expansion, Bank Books, Records and Returns, Bank Accounts and Audit.
7. Electronic Banking and IT in Banking: An Introduction. IT Applications in Banking-
Computer-Based Information Systems for Banking; Electronic Banking; Electronic Fund
Management, Enabling Technologies of Modern Banking- Electronic Commerce and Banking;
Supply Chain Management; Customer Relationship Management.
8. Risk Management in Banks: Risk Management an Overview, Credit Risk Management,
Liquidity and Market Risk Management, Operational Risk Management, Special Issues- Risk
Management Organization.

Suggested Readings:

1. S. N. Maheshwari: Banking Law and Practice; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

2. G. K. Varshney: Law & Practice of Banking; Sahitya Bhawan Publications, Agra
3. Gordon & Natarajan: Banking Theory, Law and Practice; HPH, Delhi
4.B. M. L. Nigam: Law and Practice of Banking, Vikas Publication, New Delhi
5. Tannon: Banking Law and Practice

20
 B. Com. Part-III
Group- ‘J’: Financial Market System
Paper – 306 - A: Capital and Security Market
Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Indian Financial System – Introduction, Indian Financial system with understanding of

different markets- Money Market vs. Capital Market.
Meaning and features, Role in capital formation, Link between Primary Market and
Secondary Market.
2. Primary Market/ New Issue Market - Methods of Issuing New Securities (Primary market),
IPO, FPO, Offer for Sale, Private Placement, Rights Issue, Bonus Issue.
3. Book Building Method: Role of Lead manager/Merchant bankers to an issue, Red Herring
Prospectus, ASBA, Green Shoe option, other intermediaries: Underwriters, Portfolio
Managers, Brokers, Sub-brokers, Registrar to an issue and transfer agents.
4. Secondary Market: Definition, functions of Stock Exchanges, Stock Exchanges in India:
NSE, BSE, Recent Development in Stock Exchanges.
5. Stock Market Trading Mechanism: Buying and selling of stocks: Stop loss, Open order,
limit order, and market order, Short Selling.
6. Stock Market Indices: BSE (SENSEX), NSE (Nifty), MCX, Calculation of stock market
indices.
7. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) -Objectives. Functions, Powers. Securities
Appellate Tribunal, Investor Protection and legal framework in India, SCORE.

Suggested Readings:
1. Preeti Singh: Investment Management Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, HPH,
2. V. A. Avadhani: Investment and Securities Market in India; HPH,
3. Bhole, L. M. Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill,
4. H.R. Machiraju: Indian Financial System; Vikas Publications.

21
 B. Com. Part-III
Group- ‘J’: Financial Market System
Paper – 306 - B: International Trade and Tariff
Pattern of Examination:The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A shall
have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each. Section- B
shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20 marks each.

1. International Trade: Nature, Scope, Objectives, International and Domestic Trade Comparison,
Modes of entry into International Trade
2. Institutional Environment: Nature, Scope, Objective and functioning of WTO, UNCTAD,
World Bank, World Economic Forum
3. Theories of International Trade: Classical Country-based Theories and Modern Firm-based
Theories. Leontief paradox
4. Trade procedures: International trade Procedures, Documentation and Complexities
5. Anti-Dumping Duties: Meaning, Principles, Agreement, Determination of Normal Value and
Export Price, Institutional Agreement and Procedure in India. Directorate General of Trade
Remedies (DGTR)
6. Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: Meaning, Dumping and Subsidy Comparison, WTO
Provisions and Categories of Subsidies, Countervailing Measures
7. Foreign Exchange Market: Features, Participants, Operations, Spot and Forward Market.
Arbitrage, Hedging and Speculation. Types of Exchange rate systems – Fixed and Floating, Soft
peg, Crawling peg, Free float, Managed float; Foreign exchange Risk and Exposure. Exchange
Control in India
8. Devaluation and Depreciation of Currencies: Meaning, Objective, Scope, Reasons and Effects,
Devaluation Vs. Depreciation of Currencies
9. Foreign Trade Promotion Measures: Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Export Oriented Units
(EOUs), Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). Measures for Promoting Foreign Investments in
India.
10. Tariff and Non-tariff Measures: Concept, objectives and significance; Types of Import and
Custom Duties.

Suggested Readings:

1. Verma Ekta: International Trade and Tariff, Shikha Publishers,

2. Bhalla, Sivaraman V.K.: International Business, Sultan Chand & Sons Publishing,
3. Subbarao P.: International Business, Himalaya Publishing House,
4. Charles W.L., Hill, and Jain Arun Kumar: International Business, TMH
5. Justin Paul: International Business: Text and Cases, PHI,

22
 B. Com. – III
Group ‘K’: Functional Management

Paper – 307- A: Human Resource Management

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Human Resource Management-Concepts, Objectives, Operative and Managerial functions

of Human Resource Management, Role of HRM in organisations
2. Human Resource Planning: Concept; Process and Need; Job Analysis- Concept and
Process.
3. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment- Concept, Types; Selection- concept, steps in
selection process; Interviews -Nature and Types.
4. Training and Development: Concept, Objectives of Training, Training needs, Methods of
training - On the job and off the job training methods, Objectives of development, Methods of
development
5. Wage and Salary Administration- Needs, Principles and Components.
6. Performance Appraisal: Concept and need; Methods- traditional and modern methods
7. Career planning and development: Concept of career, types of career, career planning of
employees
8. Recent trends in HRM: Employee retention- need and strategies, Quality of worklife-
concept, Work-life Balance, Remote working- advantages and disadvantages, Human
Resource Audit and Accounting
9. Industrial Relations: Concept and Need of Industrial relations; Trade Unions: Meaning and
functions; Industrial Disputes: Concept, Settlement of Industrial Disputes.

Suggested Readings:

1. LM Prasad-Human Resource Management, S. Chand &Sons.

2. T. N. Chhabra : Human Resource Management-Concept and Issues; Dhanpat Rai & Co.,
3. A. K. Malviya: Human Resource Management; PPB,
4. V. S. P. Rao: Human Resource Management-Text and Cases, Excel Books
5. Singh R. K. & Singh Amit: Manav Sansadhan Prabandh; Astha Pub.,

23
 B. Com. – III
Group ‘K’: Functional Management
Paper- 307 –B: Marketing Management

Pattern of Examination: The question paper shall comprise of two sections- A and B. Section-A
shall have a compulsory question divided into two parts i.e. (a) and (b) carrying 10 marks each.
Section- B shall offer a choice of attempting any Four Questions out of Six Questions carrying 20
marks each.

1. Introduction: Marketing: Meaning, significance, and evolution of marketing concept and

approaches, Marketing Management: Definition, objectives (profitability, market share, customer
satisfaction, brand loyalty), functions (planning, organizing, directing, controlling), significance.
2. Product Planning and Development: Product: Definition, classification, product life cycle (PLC)
stages, and influencing factors. Product Planning: Importance, process, product development,
product mix strategies, branding. Product Development: Meaning and stages.
3. Pricing: Definition, Objectives of pricing, Pricing strategies, Methods of pricing.
4. Distribution Channels: Meaning, functions, Distribution systems, Factors influencing channel
selection. Wholesalers and Retailers: Definition, functions, and its role, e-commerce, omni-
channel retailing-retailing, Challenges of e-retailing
5. Promotion Mix: Elements of promotion-mix, significance, Advertising : Meaning, Objectives,
Factors affecting media selection, and the role of advertising in creating brand awareness and
demand. Personal Selling: Meaning, Characteristics, Techniques, Sales Promotion: Definition,
objectives, sales promotion tools,
6. Marketing Research: Meaning, objectives, types, advantages of market research, limitations.
7. Rural Marketing: Definition, Characteristics of rural markets, challenges, strategies for rural
marketing.
8. Introduction to Digital Marketing: Definition, evolution, and scope of digital marketing.
Benefits and Challenges of Digital Marketing.

Suggested Readings:

1. Sarita Maxwell and Ekta Verma, Marketing Management, Shikha Publishers

2. Kotler, Philip: Marketing Management: PHI
3. Beller & Berkman: Readings in Marketing Management; HPH,
4. D. Amar Chand, B. Varadharajan: An Introduction to Marketing; Vikas Publishing
5. A. K. Malviya : Marketing Management; PPB,
6. C.B. Memoria, Pradeep Jain & Priti Mitra: Marketing Management; Kitab Mahal
7. Singh R. K. & Amit Singh, Vipran Prabandh; Astha Pub.,
8. Pillai R S N, Bhagwati: Modern Marketing Principles & Practices
9. Neelmegham and Namakumari: Marketing Management, MacMillan,
10. S. A. Sherlekar : Marketing Management

24