Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Chapter 2 (b)

Q1: What is the Dynamic Channel Assignment Strategy?

Answer:

Dynamic Channel Assignment

• Voice channels are allocated to different cells Dynamically

• Each time a call request is made, the BS request a channel from the
MSC.

• MSC Dynamic allocates a channel to the requesting cell using an

algorithm that takes into account

1. likelihood of future blocking

2. The reuse distance of the channel ( should not cause

interference)

3. Other parameters like cost

Q2: What are the advantage and disadvantage of dynamic channel

assignment?
Answer:

Advantage:
1- reduces call blocking (it increases the trunking capacity), and
increases voice quality.
2- Increases the channel utilization and decreases probability of a blocked call

Disadvantage: increases storage & computational load on the MSC.

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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Q3: Define the Following:

1- Borrowing strategy: a cell is allowed to borrow channels from a

neighboring cell if all of its own channels are already occupied. The mobile
switching center (MSC) supervises such borrowing procedures.

2- Umbrella cell approach: using different antenna heights (often on the

same building or tower) and different power levels, it is possible to provide
"large" and "small" cells which are co-located at a single location.

Q4: what are the types of Handoff?

1. INTRA-CELL, within a cell, narrow-band interferences could make transmission at a

certain frequency impossible. The BSC decides to change the carrier frequency.
2. INTRA BSS, between cells controlled by the same BSC. The BSC performs the
handover, assigns a new radio channel in the new cell and releases the old one
3. INTER BSS, between cells controlled by different BSCs, and the MSc is involved.
4. INTER MSC-from region to region where more than one MSC is involved. Between two cells
belonging to different MSCs. Both MSCs perform the handover together

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Q5: Consider the advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) in which an S/I ratio of
17 dB is required for the accepted voice quality. Assume γ = 4.
(a) What should be the reuse factor for the system?
(b) What will be the reuse factor of the Global System of Mobile (GSM) system in
which an S/I of 11 dB is required?
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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Solution
2
1 𝑆
a) 𝑁 = [6( )]𝛾
3 𝐼
Convert S/I from dB to ratio
S/I= 101.7 =50.11
2
1
𝑁𝐴𝑀𝑃𝑆 = [6(50.11)]4 = 5.78 ≅ 6
3
Convert S/I from dB to ratio
S/I=101.1=12.589
2
1
𝑁𝐺𝑆𝑀 = [6(12.589)]4 = 2.897 ≅ 3
3

Q6: Consider a cellular system with 395 total allocated voice channel
frequencies. Calculate the mean S/I ratio for cell reuse factor equal to 4, 7,
and 12. Assume omnidirectional antennas with six interferers in the first tier
and a slope for path loss of 40 dB/decade (γ = 4). Discuss the results.
Solution:

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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Q7/ Consider a cellular system with 500 total allocated voice channel
frequencies. Calculate the mean S/I ratio for cell reuse factor equal to 4, 7,
and 12. Assume omnidirectional antennas with six interferers in the first tier
and a slope for path loss (γ = 4). Discuss the results.

Solution
𝑆 (√3𝑁)𝑛 (√3∗4)4
1) N= 4, = = = 24
𝐼 𝑖 6

𝑆
∴ = 10 log 24 = 13.8 dB
𝐼

𝑆 (√3∗7)4
2) N= 7, = = 73.5 ≅ 74
𝐼 6

𝑆
∴ = 10 log 74 = 18.7 dB
𝐼

𝑆 (√3∗12)4
3) N= 12, = = 216
𝐼 6

𝑆
∴ = 10 log 216 = 23.3 dB
𝐼

N Voice channels per cell(S/N) Mean S/I (dB)

4 125 13.8

7 71.4 18.7

12 41.6 23.3

It is evident from the results that, by increasing the reuse factor from N = 4 to N =
12, the mean S/I ratio is improved from 13.8 to 23.3 dB.

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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Q8/ Design a cellular system for a city, the path loss measurements indicated that
the loss exponent γ = 2.93 and a cellular system needs an S/I ratio of 15 dB. Find
the minimum reuse factor (N) required for omnidirectional antennas.
Solution

Q(9) how the Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) can be reduced?

Answer:

 The ACI can be reduced by:

(1) Using modulation schemes which have low out-of-band radiation.
(2) Carefully designing the band-pass filter (BPF) at the receiver front
end.
(3) Assigning adjacent channels to different cells in order to keep the
frequency separation between each channel in a given cell as large as
possible.
(4) The effects of ACI can also be reduced using advanced signal
processing techniques that employ equalizers.

Q(10) What are the parameters that the Handoff depending on ?

Solution
a. Power
b. Traffic
c. Channel quality
d. Distance
e. Administration

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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Q(11) What is handoff? with graph of successful and unsuccessful handoffs?

Answer:
handoff : If a mobile unit moves out of range of one cell and into the range of
another during a connection, the traffic channel has to change to one assigned to
the BS in the new cell.

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Wireless communication ‫امثلة واسئلة خارجية وشاملة مجموعة من عدة مصادر‬

Q12/ What is Umbrella cell approach

 By using different antenna heights (often on the same building or tower) and
different power levels, it is possible to provide "large" and "small" cells which
are co-located at a single location. This technique is called the umbrella cell
approach
 The umbrella cell approach ensures that the number of handoffs is minimized
for high speed users and provides additional microcell channels for pedestrian
users.
 When the speed of the mobile is too high, the mobile is handed off to the
umbrella cell. The mobile will then stay longer in the same cell (in this case
the umbrella cell).
 large cell → high speed traffic → fewer handoffs
 small cell → low speed traffic