5207
5207
SYLLABUS
• Textbook
– Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks
(Fourth Edition), Prentice Hall PTR.
• References
– W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated,
Volume 1: The Protocols, Addison Wesley.
– B. Forozan. Dta Communication and Network.
Highlights of the Course
• Understand the principles of computer
networks
• Understand the construction of modern
networks
• Study the principles of the popular
network protocol suit —— TCP/IP
• Learn how to use the network and the
popular networked applications
• Study the basic knowledge of network
programming
Part I
Introduction
“The kingdom of God is like a net…”
--Matthew 13:47
Packets routing
Introduction (Cont’d)
• Wireless Networks
– Bluetooth: short range wireless network (<10m).
– Wireless LANs: for moderate range, becomes more
and more common today (<100m).
– network used for cellular telephones: distances
involved are much greater and the bit rates much
lower (above 1km).
Introduction (Cont’d)
• Network Software
– Protocol Hierarchies
– Design Issues for the Layers
– Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services
– Service Primitives
– The Relationship of Services to Protocols
Introduction (Cont’d)
• Protocol Hierarchies
– To reduce their design complexity, most networks
are organized as a stack of layers or levels, each
one built upon the one below it.
– The purpose of each layer is to offer certain
services to the higher layers, shielding those
layers from the details of how the offered
services are actually implemented.
– A protocol is an agreement between the
communicating parties on how communication is to
proceed.
Introduction (Cont’d)
Common Primitives
OSI model
Introduction (Cont’d)
• The Physical Layer
– The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits
over a communication channel.
– Typical questions here are how many volts should be used to
represent a 1 and how many for a 0, how many nanoseconds a
bit lasts, whether transmission may proceed simultaneously in
both directions, how the initial connection is established and
how it is torn down when both sides are finished, and how
many pins the network connector has and what each pin is
used for.
• The Data Link Layer
– The main task of the data link layer is to transform a raw
transmission facility into a line that appears free of
undetected transmission errors to the network layer.
– having the sender break up the input data into data frames
and transmit the frames sequentially
Introduction (Cont’d)
• The Network Layer
– The network layer controls the operation of the subnet
(routing).
– Congestion control, QOS (quality of service)
• The Transport Layer
– The basic function of the transport layer is to accept data
from above, split it up into smaller units if need be, pass
these to the network layer, and ensure that the pieces all
arrive correctly at the other end.
– The transport layer is a true end-to-end layer, all the way
from the source to the destination.
– layers 1 through 3 are chained, and layers 4 through 7 are
end-to-end,
Introduction (Cont’d)
• The Session Layer
– The session layer allows users on different
machines to establish sessions between them.
Sessions offer various services, including dialog
control, token management, and synchronization.
• The Presentation Layer
– concerned with the syntax and semantics of the
information transmitted, to make it possible for
computers with different data representations to
communicate.
• The Application Layer
– The application layer contains a variety of
protocols that are commonly needed by users.
Introduction (Cont’d)
• The TCP/IP Reference Model
Take care of “B” and “b”, “B” means byte, while “b” stands bit.
E.g., 1 KB/s = 8 Kb/s. B/s = Bps, b/s = bps.
1K = 210 ≠ 103 ≈ 1,000
1K = 210; 1M = 220; 1G = 230 …