Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

• Iaas is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS)

• IaaS provider provides the following services -
1.Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central
processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that is
provisioned to the end- users.
2.Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for
storing files.
3.Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking
components such as routers, switches, and bridges for the
Vms.
4.Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the
infrastructure layer.
• Scenarios where IaaS makes sense
Where demand is very volatile – any time there are significant spikes and troughs
in terms of demand on the infrastructure
For new organizations without the capital to invest in hardware
Where the organization is growing rapidly and scaling hardware would be
problematic
Where there is pressure on the organization to limit capital expenditure and to
move to operating expenditure
For specific line of business, trial or temporary infrastructural needs
• Scenarios where IaaS may not be the best option
•Where regulatory compliance makes the offshoring or outsourcing of data storage
and processing difficult
•Where the highest levels of performance are required, and on-premise or
dedicated hosted infrastructure has the capacity to meet the organization’s needs
 Advantages of IaaS
1. Shared infrastructure
IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical
infrastructure.
2. Web access to the resources
Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model
IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis.
The users are required to pay for what they have used.
4. Focus on the core business
IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather
than on IT infrastructure.
5. On-demand scalability
On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS.
Using IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software and
troubleshoot the issues related to hardware components.
Disadvantages of IaaS
1. Security
Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS
providers are not able to provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade
Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but
they do not upgrade the software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues
It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the
other, so the customers might face problem related to vendor
lock-in.
IaaS
Virtualization
• Virtualization is a technique of partitioning the resources of a single computing platform
into multiple segregated, virtualized, execution environments.
• Each environment runs independently of the other, thus allowing multiple operating systems
to run on the same hardware.
• Virtualization basically allows one computer to do the job of multiple computers, by sharing
the resources of a single hardware across multiple environments
• Virtualization of the CPU: If a process tries to consume all of the CPU,
the operating system will preempt it and allow other processes to
execute;
• Virtualization of the memory: a running process has its own virtual
address space that the operating system maps to physical memory to
give the process the illusion that it is the only user of RAM.
• Virtualization of the CPU: If an OS tries to consume all of the CPU, the
hypervisor will preempt it and allow other processes to execute;
• Virtualization of the memory: a running OS has its own virtual
address space that the hypervisor maps to physical memory to give
the process the illusion that it is the only user of RAM.
• Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources".
• In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share a single
physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations. It does by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and
providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
• What is the concept behind the Virtualization?
• Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is
known as Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine provides an environment
that is logically separated from the underlying hardware.
• The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine
• This virtual machine is managed by a software or firmware, which is known as
hypervisor.
 BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION

1.More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.

2.Enhance development productivity.
3.It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
4.Remote access and rapid scalability.
5.High availability and disaster recovery.
6.Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
7.Enables running multiple operating systems.
Features of Virtualization
1.Partitioning: Multiple virtual servers can run on a physical server at
the same time.
2.Encapsulation of data: All data on the virtual server, including boot
disks, is encapsulated in a file format.
3.Isolation: The Virtual server running on the physical server is safely
separated and don't affect each other.
4.Hardware Independence: When the virtual server runs, it can
migrate to a different hardware platform.
• Distribution of resources: Virtualization and Cloud Computing technology
ensure end-users develop a unique computing environment. It is achieved
through the creation of one host machine. Through this host machine, the end-
user can restrict the number of active users. By doing so, it facilitates easy of
control. They can also be used to bring down power consumption.
• Accessibility of server resources: Virtualization delivers several unique
features that ensure no need for physical servers. Such features ensure a boost
to uptime, and there is less fault tolerance and availability of resources.
• Resource Isolation: Virtualization provides isolated virtual machines. Each
virtual machine can have many guest users, and guest users could be either
operating systems, devices, or applications.
The virtual machine provides such guest users with an isolated virtual
environment. This ensures that the sensitive information remains protected,
and, at the same time, guest users remain inter-connected with one another.
• Security and authenticity: The virtualization systems ensure continuous
uptime of systems, and it does automatic load balancing and ensures there is
less disruption of services.
How virtualization works in cloud
• Virtualization plays a significant role in cloud technology and its working
mechanism.
• Usually, what happens in the cloud - the users not only share the data that
are located in the cloud-like application but also share their infrastructures
with the help of virtualization.
• Virtualization is used mainly to provide applications with standard versions
for cloud customers.
• With the release of the latest version of an application, the providers can
efficiently provide that application to the cloud and its users, and it is
possible using virtualization only. By using this virtualization concept, all
servers & software other cloud providers require those are maintained by a
third-party, and the cloud provider pays them on a monthly or yearly basis.
• In reality, most of today's hypervisors use a combination of different types of
hardware virtualization. Mainly virtualization means running multiple
systems on a single machine but sharing all resources (hardware) & it helps
to share IT resources to get benefits in the business field.
Difference between virtualization and cloud
1.cloud technology requires the concept of virtualization. Virtualization
is a technology - it can also be treated as software that can
manipulate hardware.
2. At the same time, cloud computing is a service that is the result of
manipulation.
3.virtualization is a technology, where cloud is an environment.
• Types of Virtualization:
1.Data virtualization.
2.Hardware Virtualization.
3.Operating system Virtualization.
4.Server Virtualization.
5.Storage Virtualization.
6.Application virtualization
7.Desktop virtualization
 Application Virtualization
• Application virtualization allows users to run applications from devices that
don’t possess the operating system the application requires.
• Another possible reason to use application virtualization is to run conflicting
programs that can’t coexist on the same device.
• An example of this would be a user who needs to run two different versions
of the same software.
• Two of the main application virtualization technologies are hosted
applications and packaged applications.
• Hosted solutions use servers to host applications and allow users to connect to
the server from their device. The user sends keystrokes and mouse clicks to
the server and the server sends screen changes to the user, while the server is
actually running the applications. Many users can run applications on the
server simultaneously so these servers must have a lot of resources. The
user’s device doesn’t require a lot of resources since it’s not doing the work –
one of the many benefits of application virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
• Desktop Virtualization should be used if application virtualization can’t
deliver the required applications and desktops.
• desktop virtualization separates the desktop environment from the
physical device and configured as a “virtual desktop infrastructure”
(VDI).
• One of the biggest advantages of desktop virtualization is that users
are able to access all their personal files and applications on any PC,
meaning they can work from anywhere without the need to bring their
work computer.
• It also lowers the cost of software licensing and updates. Maintenance
and patch management are simple, since all of the virtual desktops are
hosted at the same location.
• Users that want specific operating systems other than Windows Server will
need to have a virtual desktop.
• Some of the common benefits of desktop and application virtualization are
user mobility, easy management of software installation, updates and patches.
Data Virtualization
• Data virtualization is the process of retrieve data from
various resources without knowing its type and physical
location where it is stored.
• It collects heterogeneous data from different resources
and allows data users across the organization to access
this data according to their work requirements.
• This heterogeneous data can be accessed using any
application such as web portals, web services, E-
commerce, Software as a Service (SaaS), and mobile
application.
• We can use Data Virtualization in the field of data
integration, business intelligence, and cloud
computing.
• Advantages of Data Virtualization
• It allows users to access the data without worrying about where it
resides on the memory.
• It offers better customer satisfaction, retention, and revenue growth.
• It provides various security mechanism that allows users to safely store
their personal and professional information.
• It reduces costs by removing data replication.
• It provides a user-friendly interface to develop customized views.
• It provides various simple and fast deployment resources.
• It increases business user efficiency by providing data in real-time.
• It is used to perform tasks such as data integration, business
integration, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) data services, and
enterprise search.
• Disadvantages of Data Virtualization
• It creates availability issues, because availability is maintained by third-
party providers.
• It required a high implementation cost.
• It creates the availability and scalability issues.
• Although it saves time during the implementation phase of virtualization
but it consumes more time to generate the appropriate result.
• Uses of Data Virtualization
1. Analyze performance
• Data virtualization is used to analyze the performance of the
organization compared to previous years.
2. Search and discover interrelated data
• Data Virtualization (DV) provides a mechanism to easily search
the data which is similar and internally related to each other.
3. Agile Business Intelligence
• It is one of the most common uses of Data Virtualization. It is
used in agile reporting, real-time dashboards that require timely
aggregation, analyze and present the relevant data from
multiple resources. Both individuals and managers use this to
monitor performance, which helps to make daily operational
decision processes such as sales, support, finance, logistics,
legal, and compliance.
4. Data Management
• Data virtualization provides a secure centralized layer to search,
discover, and govern the unified data and its relationships.
• Data Virtualization Tools
Red Hat JBoss data virtualization
TIBCO data virtualization
Oracle data service integrator
SAS Federation Server
Denodo
• Industries that use Data Virtualization
• Communication & Technology
In Communication & Technology industry, data virtualization is used to
increase revenue per customer, create a real-time ODS for marketing, manage
customers, improve customer insights, and optimize customer care, etc.
• Finance
In the field of finance, DV is used to improve trade reconciliation,
empowering data democracy, addressing data complexity, and managing
fixed-risk income.
• Government
In the government sector, DV is used for protecting the environment.
• Healthcare
Data virtualization plays a very important role in the field of healthcare. In
healthcare, DV helps to improve patient care, drive new product innovation,
accelerating M&A synergies, and provide a more efficient claims analysis.
• Manufacturing
In manufacturing industry, data virtualization is used to optimize a global
supply chain, optimize factories, and improve IT assets utilization.
 Hardware Virtualization:
• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is
directly installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.
• The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor,
memory and other hardware resources.
• After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating
system on it and run different applications on those OS.
• Hardware Virtualization is nothing but creating a completely new system on
the existing primary system via virtualization that acts as a real computer with
an operating system it is also termed as a virtual machine.
• Usage:
• Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because
controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.
• Advantages of Hardware Virtualization
1) More Efficient Resource Utilization:
• Physical resources can be shared among virtual machines. Although the
unused resources can be allocated to a virtual machine and that can be
used by other virtual machines if the need exists.
2) Lower Overall Costs Because Of Server Consolidation:
• Now it is possible for multiple operating systems can co-exist on a single
hardware platform, so that the number of servers, rack space, and
power consumption drops significantly.
3) Increased Uptime Because Of Advanced Hardware Virtualization Features:
• The modern hypervisors provide highly orchestrated operations that
maximize the abstraction of the hardware and help to ensure the
maximum uptime. These functions help to migrate a running virtual
machine from one host to another dynamically, as well as maintain a
running copy of virtual machine on another physical host in case the
primary host fails.
4) Increased IT Flexibility:
• Hardware virtualization helps for quick deployment of server resources in
a managed and consistent ways. That results in IT being able to adapt
quickly and provide the business with resources needed in good time.
Operating System Virtualization

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating
system instead of directly on the hardware system is
known as operating system virtualization.
• Usage:
• Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for
testing the applications on different platforms of OS.
Server Virtualization
• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM)
is directly installed on the Server system is known as server
virtualization.
• the central-server(physical server) is divided into multiple different
virtual servers by changing the identity number, processors. So, each
system can operate its own operating systems in isolate manner. Where
each sub-server knows the identity of the central server.
• Usage:
• Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be
divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the
load.
• The concept of Server Virtualization widely used in the IT infrastructure
to minimizes the costs by increasing the utilization of existing resources.
• Types of Server Virtualization
1. Hypervisor
2. Full Virtualization
3. Para Virtualization
Hypervisor
• Hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor, is a
process that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).
• It allows some of the multiple operating systems to share a
single host and its hardware.
• This hypervisor manages requests by the virtual machines to
access the hardware resources like RAM , CPU etc.
• Types of Hypervisor
1) Type-1/Native/Bare Metal Hypervisor.
2) Type-2/Hosted Hypervisor.
• Type 1Hypervisor :
• Type 1 hypervisor is installed directly on bare-metal hardware, it
doesn't require an additional OS,
• EX. Xen, Microsoft Hyper-V , VMWare ESXi
• System is thin, the hypervisor has direct access to the HW.
• Type 2 Hypervisor :
• Type-2 Hypervisor is also known as Hosted Hypervisor.
• It runs on a host operating system that provides a virtualization
service.
• Type-2 Hypervisor is installed on an operating system and then it
supports in other operating systems.
• • EX. VirtualBox and Vmware Workstation
• Full Virtualization
• Full Virtualization uses a hypervisor to directly
communicate with the CPU and physical server. It
provides the best isolation and security mechanism to
the virtual machines.
• The biggest disadvantage of using hypervisor in full
virtualization is that a hypervisor has its own
processing needs, so it can slow down the application
and server performance.
• VMWare ESX server is the best example of full
virtualization.
• Para Virtualization
• Para Virtualization is quite similar to the Full
Virtualization.
• The advantage of using this virtualization is that it
is easier to use, Enhanced performance, and does
not require emulation overhead. Xen primarily
and UML use the Para Virtualization.
• The difference between full and pare virtualization is
that, in para virtualization hypervisor does not need too
much processing power to manage the OS.
Advantages of Server Virtualization
1. Independent Restart
• In Server Virtualization, each server can be restart independently and
does not affect the working of other virtual servers.
2. Low Cost
• Server Virtualization can divide a single server into multiple virtual
private servers, so it reduces the cost of hardware components.
3. Disaster Recovery
• Disaster Recovery is one of the best advantages of Server Virtualization.
In Server Virtualization, data can easily and quickly move from one
server to another and these data can be stored and retrieved from
anywhere.
4. Faster deployment of resources
• Server virtualization allows us to deploy our resources in a simpler and
faster way.
5. Security
• It allows users to store their sensitive data inside the data centers.
Disadvantages of Server Virtualization

1.The biggest disadvantage of server virtualization is

that when the server goes offline, all the websites that
are hosted by the server will also go down.
2.There is no way to measure the performance of
virtualized environments.
3.It requires a huge amount of RAM consumption.
4.It is difficult to set up and maintain.
5.Some core applications and databases are not
supported virtualization.
6.It requires extra hardware resources.
Uses of Server Virtualization

• Server Virtualization is used in the testing and

development environment.
• It improves the availability of servers.
• It allows organizations to make efficient use of
resources.
• It reduces redundancy without purchasing additional
hardware components.
Storage Virtualization:
• Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the physical
storage from multiple network storage devices so that it
looks like a single storage device.
• Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software
applications.
• Storage virtualization is a major component for storage
servers, in the form of functional RAID levels and controllers.
Operating systems and applications with device can access
the disks directly by themselves for writing.
• Usage:
• Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and
recovery purposes.
Advantages of Storage Virtualization
1.Data is stored in the more convenient locations away
from the specific host. In the case of a host failure, the
data is not compromised necessarily.
2.The storage devices can perform advanced functions
like replication, reduplication, and disaster recovery
functionality.
3.By doing abstraction of the storage level, IT operations
become more flexible in how storage is provided,
partitioned, and protected.