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4-Power Angle Curve

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95 views

4-Power Angle Curve

Uploaded by

jinrem02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power system stability

Generator output power when connected to the infinite bus


• Consider a generator connected to the infinite bus through a
transmission line of reactance Xt.
• The direct axis synchronous reactance of the generator is Xd.

• E= 𝐸 ∠δ° , the generated voltage. It is also called the voltage behind


the synchronous reactance of the generator.
• V= 𝑉 ∠ 0° , is the voltage at the infinite bus.
Output power of a Generator
• An infinite bus is nothing but a large interconnected power system
having constant voltage and constant frequency.
• The complex power output of the generator = VI*
𝐸∠𝛿−𝑉∠0 𝐸∠𝛿−𝑉∠0
• Current I= = where, X=Xd + Xt
𝑗(𝑥𝑑 +𝑥𝑡 ) 𝑗(𝑋)

𝐸∠−𝛿−𝑉∠0 𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛿 −𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿 −𝑉 𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛿 −𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿 −𝑉 𝑗


• So, I*= = =
−𝑗(𝑋) −𝑗𝑋 (−𝑗𝑋)𝑗

𝐸𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿+𝑗(𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛿−𝑉)
• I*=
𝑋
Output power of a Generator
• The complex power output of the generator is S=Pe +jQe = VI*

S= V = sinδ +j

• Equating the real and imaginary parts,


𝐸𝑉
• The real power output of the generator Pe = sinδ
𝑋

• The reactive power output of the generator Qe = cosδ -


Power Angle curve
• Thus, the real power output of the generator
𝐸𝑉
Pe = sinδ
𝑋
Power transferred will be maximum when δ=90.
𝐸𝑉
∴ Pmax = and Pe = Pmax sinδ
𝑋
Pe = Pmax sinδ when plotted
gives us the power angle curve
Power angle curve for a Generator/motor
• In the first quadrant, δ is positive. For a generator emf equation is Eg=V+IaRa .
So, the power angle curve for a Generator is always drawn in the first
quadrant.
• For a motor, emf equation is V= Eb +IaRa . So, δ is negative for a motor.
• So, the power angle curve for a motor is always drawn in the third quadrant.

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