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Quality of Service

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7 views4 pages

Quality of Service

Uploaded by

upendramax52
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quality of Service (QoS) is a way to tell routers and switches to prefer,

process and prioritize some packets over others.

 By default, QoS is not applied and packets are treated as First In


First Out (FIFO)
 Some packets like Voice over IP and Video are time sensitive
and should be prioritized above other packets when transiting
layer 2 and layer 3 devices. For example, the FTP protocol is
used to transfer files. If an FTP packet or two doesn’t make it to
the destination it will just get retransmitted and nobody is the
wiser. Compare that to VoIP or Video. If a VoIP packet doesn’t
make it to the destination, then you get a choppy phone call.
There’s no sense retransmitting the VoIP packet because it
would just arrive out of sequence anyways. This is why we
typically apply QoS to packets that are more sensitive when it
comes to:
o Latency - Amount of time it takes for a packet to get to the

destination (delay)
o Jitter - the variance of delay

o Loss - number of packets that never arrive

o Bandwidth - amount of data that can be sent

 QoS can be applied to improve each of these measures

a Marking
 Marking is when QoS changes the Type of Service (ToS) byte
in a packet header
 Marking can be accomplished by setting the IP precedence bits
(3 bits) or the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) bits (6
bits)
 Other devices that receive these packets can then take action
based on the ToS markings
 ToS is preserved over trunk links. It is removed when packets
are routed so you’ll have to have layer 3 devices remark the
packets
b Device trust
 This normally applies to a switchport that a VoIP phone is
connected to
 Should the switch trust the attached device or not?
 To tell the switchport to trust the attached device, maybe it’s a
Cisco VoIP phone, use the command
mls qos trust device cisco-phone

 Then you must also configure the switchport which marking to


trust - ToS, DSCP, or IP Precedence
mls qos trust cos

 Without any trust configuration on the switchport, all traffic


would be processed per the default switchport configuration,
which is normally FIFO
4.7.c Prioritization
4.7.c. (i) Voice
 CoS 5
 DSCP 46 (Expedited Forwarding EF)

4.7.c. (ii) Video


 CoS 4
 DSCP 34 (Assured Forwarding AF41)

4.7.c. (iii) Data


 Depends what kind of data, but should be lower than Voice and
Video
 CoS 1 or 2
 DSCP AF11 or AF21

Type of Packets Class of Service (CoS) Differentiated Services


Code Point (DSCP)
Network Control 7 56
Internetwork Control 6 48
VoIP and Video 5 EF
Multimedia Conferencing 4 34
Multimedia Streaming 3 26
Transactional Data 2 18
Scavenger Data 1 10
Best Effort 0 0

What happens when the amount of data being transmitted or received


goes above the set traffic rate? Shaping policies treat the data
packets differently than policing policies.
4.7.d Shaping
 Applies queues, memory and buffers to store and forward as
many packets up to the set data rate as possible. Shaping
smooths out the data transfer and it appears a smooth line right
at the traffic rate when viewing a traffic graph.
4.7.e Policing
 Drops excess traffic when it reaches the set traffic rate. Policing
results in peaks and valleys when looking at a traffic graph.
4.7.f Congestion management
 During periods with light traffic, that is, when no congestion
exists, packets are sent out the interface as soon as they arrive.
During periods of transmit congestion at the outgoing interface,
packets arrive faster than the interface can send them. If you use
congestion management features, packets accumulating at an
interface are queued until the interface is free to send them; they
are then scheduled for transmission according to their assigned
priority and the queueing mechanism configured for the
interface. The router determines the order of packet
transmission by controlling which packets are placed in which
queue and how queues are serviced with respect to each other.

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