VIDEO

a. refer to the electronic storage of moving images

b. originated from the Latin word “vidi” which means “I see”
c. a recording of moving visual images made digitally or on videotape.

CHARACTERISTICS of VISUAL LEARNERS

Visual learners learn best by seeing information. The following characteristics are typical for
many individuals with strong visual processing skills.

1. Visual learners have strong visualization skills. They can look up (often up to the left) an
see” the information invisibly written or drawn.
2. Visual learners can make “movies in their minds” of information they are reading. Their
movies are often vivid and detailed

Courtesy of: Gavin, C. (2021, May 16). The Power of Visualization – Mind Movies.
https://4positivegrowth.co.uk/the-power-of-visualization-mind-movies/

3. Tactile skills such as textures and temperatures are well-developed.

Courtesy of: Preschool, L. S. P. A. (2024, May 8). Developing Fine Motor Skills
https://littlesunshine.com/developing-fine-motor-skills-fun-and-educational-activities-for-preschoolers/

4. Olfactory skills such as scents and taste-related nuances are well-refined.

5. Visual-spatial skills such as sizes, shapes, textures, angles, and three-dimensional depths are
strong.

Courtesy of : Co, P. (2024, June 11). https://www.parent.com/blogs/conversations/2017-could-your-struggling-

kid-actually-be-a-visual-spatial-learner

6. Auditory skills such as pitch, volume, tone, rhythm, and sound clarity are strong.
 Courtesy of: Central Auditory Processing Disorder Characteristics – Able Kids Foundation. (n.d.).
https://www.ablekidsfoundation.org/capd-characteristics

7. Visual learners often pay close attention to the body language of others (facial expression,
eyes, stance, etc.)

Courtesy of : Steinberg, A. (2022, November 16). Selling with Data #23 – Body language and
nonverbal communication. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/selling-data-23-body-language-
nonverbal-ayal-steinberg

8. Visual learners have a keen awareness of the aesthetics, the beauty of the physical
environment, visual media, or art.

VIDEO FORMATS

SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES of MEDIA

1. Manipulation of Time – video permits us to increase the amount of time required to

observe an event.
2. 1.a. Compression of time – known as time lapse
a. 1.b. Expansion of time – time can be expanded in motion media through
technique called slow motion
3. Manipulation of Space – motion media permit us to view phenomena in microcosm and
macrocosm – that is, at extremely close range or from a vast distance.
4. Animation – is a technique whereby the film maker gives motion to otherwise inanimate
objects
ADVANTAGES

1. Motion – moving images have an obvious advantage over still visuals in portraying
concepts in whish motion is essential to mastery especially on psychomotor skills.
2. Process – operation such as assembly line steps or science experiments, in which
sequential movement is critical, can be more effectively.
3. Risk-free observation – video allows learner to observe phenomena that might be
dangerous to view directly, such as eclipse or of the sun, a volcanic eruptions or warfare.
4. Dramatization – dramatic reactions can bring historical events and personalities to life.
They allow students to observe and analyze human interactions.
5. Skill learning – through video, students can view a performance over and over again for
evaluation. They can also observe video of their own performance for feedback and
improvement.
6. Affective learning – video can be useful in shaping personal and social attitudes.
Documentary and propaganda videos have often been found to have a measurable impact
on audience attitudes.
7. Problem solving – open-ended dramatizations are frequently used to present unresolved
confrontations, leaving it to the viewers to discuss viewers ways of dealing with a
problems.
8. Cultural understanding – we can develop a gut level appreciation for other culture by
seeing depictions of everyday life in other societies.
9. Reduces Travel Cost – The oldest known advantage of this technology is reduced travel
expenses
10. Enhances Teamwork – Video communication connects teams across the globe,
eliminating the barriers created by face-to-face or the need to commute to meetings
11. Improved Communication – with video communication meetings, start and end-times are
usually agreed upon before the video call starts, allowing for a more detailed discussion.
12. More Flexible– Regardless of how much notice is given for a meeting, it is unavoidable
that there will be days when certain participants can’t attend for some reason

LIMITATIONS

1. Talking head – many videos especially in-house production, consist mostly of close-up
people talking. Video is not a great oral medium – it is a visual medium! Use audio tapes
for verbal messages.
2. Still phenomena – video is advantageous for concepts that involve motion, it may be
unsuitable for other topics where detailed study of a single visual is observed (eg. Map,
diagram, or an organizational chart)
3. Misinterpretation – documentation and dramatization often prevent a complex or
sophisticated treatment of an issue. A scene intended as a satire might be taken literally
by a young or naïve viewer.
4. Abstract, nonvisual instruction – video is poor at presenting abstract, non-visual
information. The preferred medium for words alone is text.
5. Can Be Harder to Focus –While video communication offers countless benefits, it takes
away from a personal side of discussion .
 6. Time Delay between Responses -The second drawback of video communication is that
there may be a small time delay between responses, which can result to stilted and boring
discussion
7. Technology Can Fail - Video communication is dependent on technology, which might
fail in the middle of a discussion.
8. Audio Quality Is Poor – Another issue is audio quality especially with large audience.

EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
1. Cognitive skills – learning can observe dramatic recreations of historical events and
actual recordings of more recent events. Color, sound, and motion make personalities
come to life. Students can read books in conjunction with viewing videotapes.
2. Demonstrations – video is great for showing how things work
3. Virtual field trip – videos can take students to places they might not be able to go
otherwise
4. Documentary – deals with fact , not fiction or fictionalized versions of fact
a. it attempts to depicts essentially true stories about real situations and people
b. primary medium for documenting actual events and bringing them into the
classroom
5. Dramatization – video has the power to hold your students fascination as human drama
unfold before the eyes.
6. Discussion basis – when students are learning interpersonal skills, such as dealing with
conflict resolution, counseling, sales techniques, peer relationship, they can observe
others on video for analysis. They can then practice their interpersonal skills before a
camera, watch themselves, and receive feedback from peers and instructors.
7. Attitude development – when there is an element of emotion or the desire for effective
learning will usually work well. Attitudes can be influenced by people models and
dramatic images on video. Because of great potential for emotional impact, video can be
useful in shaping personal and social attitudes.
8. Report and portfolios – students can use experts from video as part of oral reports,
turning the sound off and using their own narration. Student produced videotapes and
video segments on segments computers are being used for evaluation.
a. students portfolios with a multimedia approach are being used instead of word
i. processed term papers
b. students can research a topic using books, databases, videotapes, video disc,
i. CD-ROM’s and other media
9. Training – video is the most frequently used training medium by businesses. According
to training magazine (Industry Report, 2000), video tapes are used by 78 percent of U.S.
organization with 100 or more employees.
10. Flipped Classroom – transforms the traditional learning structure by shifting lectures
outside the classroom and dedicating class time to interactive, hands-on learning
activities..

Many organizations use video for the following:

1. Orientation of new employees
 2. Training in-job related skills
3. Development of interpersonal abilities for management
4. Introduction new products, policies, or moral market
5. Customer training
6. Standardization of training among dispersed classroom
SELECTING VIDEOS
1. Locating materials – programs guides and directories – A-V Online, CDROM format,
Catalogs

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https://images.app.goo.gl/a9LV4wKmpU5mD4wq8

2. Sponsored videos – associations and government agencies sponsor videos to promote causes,
such as better health habits, conservations of natural resources, and proper use of park and
recreation areas. A certain amount of caution, however, is called for in using sponsored
programs for instructional purposes.
Talking Picture Services – is one of the major distributors of sponsored videos

Courtesy of : https://images.app.goo.gl/aE5w8c3fi6dHC1E4A

3. Producing videos - in-house video refers to video within one’s own classroom or company,
Students and instructors are not limited to off-the shelf materials but can with reasonable ease
prepare for custom materials.
4. Purpose – Decide if it’s for education, entertainment, information, or persuasion.

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5. Audience – Think about their age, interests, and knowledge.

 Courtesy of : https://images.app.goo.gl/2hWg16vPpMDAyKP4A
6. Content – Look for well-made, accurate, and relevant videos.
7. Length – Shorter videos are often more engaging.
8. Source– Use videos from reliable sources.

Other applications that emphasize the local aspect of video production include the following:
1. demonstration of student stories, songs and poems
2. student documentaries of school or neighborhood issues
3. preservation of local folklore
4. demonstrations of science experiments and safety drills
5. replays of field trips for in-class follow up
6. career information on local business

ANALOG VIDEO PRODUCTION

–Analog video production refers to the process of capturing, editing, and distributing video
using analog signals, where video information is stored on physical media such as magnetic tape,
without the use of digital encoding.

1. Film- Offers high-quality, cinematic visuals.

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2. Videotape– Affordable but lower quality than film.

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3. Slides –Useful for presenting images or photos.

4. Overhead Projectors– Project images or text on a screen.
 Courtesy of : https://images.app.goo.gl/QVqEJrHNjeXwYDmH8

Single Camera Video Production - uses one camera to film scenes individually, offering
greater control over angles and composition.

DIGITAL VIDEO EDITING

–refers to the means by which video can be taken apart and put back together non-linearly using
a computer and associated software.

UTILIZING VIDEOS
1. Preview the materials – you should preview video materials for appraisal and selection,
and should also check them after they arrive in the classroom. Make sure that the
materials you ordered and the contains of it pertains to your subject matter
2. Prepare the materials
3. Prepare the environment
4. Provide the learning experiences

REQUIRE the LEARNER PERFORMANCES

Common techniques include the following:
1. dramatization – role playing, skits, and oral presentations
2. discussion – question-and-answer session, buzz groups, panel discussion, debates
3. projects – experiments, reports, exhibits, bulletin boards, media production

AV SHOWMANSHIP to ENHANCE VIDEO PRODUCTION

1. Sightlines – check lighting, seating, and volume to be sure that everyone can see and
hear the presentations
2. Mental set – get students mentally prepared by briefly reviewing previous related study
and evoking questions about the current topic
3. Advance organizer – list on the chalk board the main points to be covered in the
presentation
4. Vocabulary – Preview any vocabulary
5. Short segments – show only 8 to 12 min. of a video at any time even shorter for younger
students. Introduce the first segment and show about 10 min. of the video, stopping at a
logical breaking point. Discuss the segment, then introduce tying it to the first. Show the
second 10 min. segment and repeat the procedure. Choose only a part of a video, you
don’t have to show it all.
 6. Role model – most important, get involved in program yourself. Watch attentively and
respond when the presenter asks for a response. Highlights major points by adding them
to during lesson
7. Follow up – reinforce the presentation with meaningful follow-up activities
8. Light control – when using video presenter with video tape or videodisc, dim the light.
Dim the lights above and behind the monitor if possible. If you’re using TV monitor you
can use normal lighting.
9. Presentation Skills: Public speaking, storytelling, and visual communication.
10. Technical Skills: Proficient in operating and maintaining audio and video equipment..
11. Creativity – Develop unique and engaging content.
12. Attention to Detail –Focus on lighting, sound, content, etc.
13. Feedback –Seek it from others to improve.

References:
http://www.yk.psu.edu/learn
https://eztalks.com/unified-communications/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-video-
communication.html
Wikipedia on Single-Camera Setup
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-016-1215-
2?need_sec_link=1&sec_link_scene=im
https://study.com/academy/lesson/visual-elements-principles-of-
design.html?need_sec_link=1&sec_link_scene=im
https://nevadafilm.com/production-notes-single-camera.

Group members :
Garcia, Rocky M.
Hoyohoy, Elisa R.
Lantacon , Suhyene Mae L.
Lanza, Jaycel Kyle D.
Legaspi, Rhea P.
Magbato, Therrence Ann S.
Malait , Louren B.