Experiment 5

Study af variation of strength of cement concrete and determination of standard deviation

gradationof concrete.
Title:
ands
10262 2009.
Objective:Tostudy on different grade concrete using design mix provision of IS:
Concrete is the basic engineering material used in most of the civil engineering
of
Theory:
structures.
Its nopularity as basic building material in construction is because of, its economy
mould it
gooddurability and ease with which it can be manufactured at site. The ability to to
hardening
use, shapeand size, because of its plasticity in green stage andits subsequent needs to be
intoanystrength, is particularly useful. Concrete like other engineering materials
Concrete mix design
achieve properties like strength, durability, workability and cohesion.
designedtor relative proportions of ingredients of concrete, to achieve the
science of deciding
isthe properties in the most economical way. concrete is
desired of high-rise buildings and pre-stressed concrete, use of higher grades of concrete
advent
With common. Even the revised IS 456-2000 advocates use of higher grade of
becoming more of new
durability considerations. With adventworkability
severe conditions of exposure, for
for more admixtures, it is possible to achieve higher grades of
concrete with high
fume
generation slag, meta kaolin and silica by
economically. Use of mineral admixtures like fly ash, durability of concrete
levelsrevolutionised the concrete technology by increasing strength and
above-mentioned scenario.
relevant in the
have Mix design of concrete is becoming more adopted at site should be
many folds. be borne in mind that mix design when
HOwever, it should understanding and with necessary precautions.
implemented with proper
material because, it can be designed for strength
150
versatile building from 0mm slump totheir
Concrete is an extremely Mpa) and workability ranging
rangingfrom
M10(10Mpa) to M100 (100ingredients of concrete are the
same, but it is
cases the basic
mm slump. In all these makes the difference.
that
relative proportioning
Concrete:
BasicIngredients of basic binding material in concrete.
LCement-It is the and alsOmakes
concrete workable.
hydrates cement of concrete.
2. Water - It the basic building component mortar grout and fills the voids in the
Aggregate-It is
3.Coarse paste forms
Aggregate - Along with cement
4. Fine strength, workability,
Coarse aggregates. properties of concrete e.g. gain of
enhance certain
5.Admixtures - Theyimperviousness etc stage as well as in the
hardened
properties, properties in the plastic
setting designed for certain
Concrete needs to be
stage.
desired from concrete in plastic stage: -
Properties
"Workability
"Cohesiveness
"Initialset retardation stage: -
desired from concrete inhardened
Properties
"Strength
"Imperviousness
"Durability
(U.P.)
TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR
MALAVIYA UNIVERSITYOF
MADAN MOHAN
 Concrete mix design is the
method correct
of
ordertooptimise the above properties
we
determinethe
desiredstrength&
rclative proportions
workability in
of
of pro
concretepor
astiper
most ingredients of
oni n g
site
of
ingredients of

Procedure:
a
ments. Inconcret
economical way.concreterequireachieve
to other e,words,
in

Information required for

giveconcrete mix
following indesign
The site engineer should
laboratory: -
mix design
Grade of concrete (the formation while giving material for mix
a)
characteristic strength)
Workability requirement in
design to the
terms of slump
) Other properties (if required): -
i Retardation initial set (to avoid
of
mix concrete) cold joints in case of
ii. Slump
retention (in case of
ready mix
longer leads or for ready
iü. Pumpability (In case of ready mix concrete)
iv. Acceleration of strength (for precastconcrete)
v. Flexural strength (normally required formembers or where early
d) Ascertain whether condition of
Proper iinvestigation of soil should exposure to
concrete pavements)
concrete is mild,
de-shuttering is desired)
be done to ascertain
ofdoubt.
presence ofmoderate severe or very
severe.
e) What is the degree of control at site? sulphates & chlorides, in case
i Batching-weigh batching / volume batching.Following factors indicate degree of
ii. Type of aggregates whether mixed control at site: -
will be used separately. graded aggregate will be used or 20mm, 10mm
ii. Testing of concrete - whether casting && aggregates
will be done regularly at site. testing of concrete cubes
iv Source of
aggregate whether
- sOurces of sand and aggregate will be
change frequently. standardised or likely to
y. Supervision whether qualified staff will be present to
necessary corrections e.g. correction supervise concreting work and make
vi. Site laboratory- whether the for moisture in sand and changes in material properties.
site will have necessary
weighing balance etc. tocheck material properties. laboratory equipment like sieves,
Concrete Mix Design Methods
The basicobjective of concrete mix design is to
find the
(Optimisation) to achieve the desired end results (strength,most economical proportions
cohesion, workability, durability,
As mentioned earlier the proportioning of concrete is based on
certain
of cement, sand and aggregates. Concrete mix design is basically a material properties
WIth certain proportions. Methods have been developed to arrive at process
of taking trials
these proportions in a
SCIentific manner. No mix design method directly gives the exact proportions that will
t economically achieve end results. These methods only serve as a base to start
dnd achieve the end results in the fewest possible trials.
The code of f practice for mix design-IS 10262 clearly states following: -
The basic assumption made in mix design is that the compressive strength of workable

IMADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P)

 andlarge, governed by the
by

concrete watis that

normal
e r/c ement
concretes,
applicable to
elationship,
the amount of water for aratio. Another most
4geregates,
of factors
which
affect properties
the determofinesconcretewor, forkgiven
its
ability.typc, shape, sizeconveni
and ent
ather Waterand aggregates;
batching:; exampl eMowever,
the there&are gradi ng
|only asthe basis for trial, transused p or taintion; placing; quality quantity usof
cement,
the specific relationships that vario
Therefore, are
to proportioningcompaction; curing: etc.
considered
the particular materials usedsubject
site in fications inconcret e mixes
for

at modieach
e as
well methods at the
tmix design cohesionhelp us to case. the light of should
as
Diterent
workability, ete.
proportions but their Thesearrive the trial mix
mix design that will give us experience
method of
calculationmetishodsdifferent
ariving at
in tollows: have same required
designare
as

mean strength.
. Basiccommon
steps inthreads
mixX
thetarget
Find
Deteminethe curve of cement
ADetermine water/cement ratio. based
on its
strength.
c Determine cement content.
d Determine fine and coarse aggregate proportions
e.

nOwfollow above steps and

Wewill solve a mix design
lustration:
Consider a mix design for M30 grade of
problem by different methods.
SOmmto 75mm). concrete, having moderate
MaterialProperties workability (Slump range
Cement 53 grade (Although, actual 28 days
Fineaggregate- compressive strength =63 N/mm2)
FM.=-3.26(Zone I) 600 micron passing =32%
Specific gravity=2.75
Coarse aggregate
20mm -Specific gravity - 2.95
Dy Rodded bulk density - 1600 Kg/m3
Iomm- Specific gravity 2.86
Dv Rodded bulk density - 1700Kg/m?
21 Find the target mean strength
Concrete is designed for strength higher than characteristic
strength as a margin for
atistical variation in results and variation in degree of control
higher strength is defined as the target mean strength. exercised at site. This
tis calculated as follows:
Target mean strength = Characteristic strength + K* s
K= Himsworth Coefficient is taken as 1.65 for 5 %probability of failure.
s= Standard deviation
Ihe values of sare given in IS 10262 for fair, good and very good degree of control.
However, IS 456-2000 has given revised values of s to be considered for mix design.
Better the degree of control lesser is the value of s and lower is the target mean
Mength. In other words, the 'margin' kept over characteristic strength is more for fair
legee of control tothat of good degree of control.
Say for M30 grade of concrete, K=1.65 (for 5% failure) and Standard Deviation
=SN/ mm2.

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)

 1.65 * 5
Mean
Strength=30 +
-825
Nmm2
Tet

of cement based on its strength.

Determinethe curvedeterminedei either by
ofcement is conventional
accelerated curing reference mix method methods given in IS 4031
2
1982prgels
orby
(Appendix mentioned in IS 10262
BClause 3.1.1.) The cement is classified into various curves
1e88Par ó

strength of cement.
Cement(N/mm2)
the
on
Strengthof
Asd
AJ19to36.8N/mm2
to
41.7 N/mm2
c4L.7to46.6 N/mm2
B36.8

S1.5 N/mm2
6to N/mm2
46.6
D S6.4
E5I5to N/mm2
to61.3 the appropriate curve based on the strength of
ES6.4selecting cement, water/cement
After interpolatedfor agiven target mean strength.
ois
Deternmine water/cement ratio
The
3relationbetween Target Mean Strength and water cement ratio for different cement
givenin IS 10262 Fig 2 (Refer Annexure II page 61 of Durocrete Mix Design
curvesis
Manual
Oncethe
cement curve is fixed, water/cement ratio required for achieving the target
strengthcan be interpolated (Refer Appendix B)
mean
ForExample
For Fcurve and
Target Mean Strength of 37
ratio is (0 42
The water cement
For Fcurve and target mean strength of 38.25
0.46
The water cement ratio is
AllIthe mix design methods follow same procedure up to this stage.

24Finding cement content

Most of the mix design methods find cement content with following formula:
Weight of Water per m3
Water /cement ratio=
Weight of cement per m3
Weight of Water per m3
Weight of cement =
Water/cement ratio
Weight of water required per mn3 also called as water demand.
Water demand depends on:
i Required Workability of concrete: Higher the workability required
water demand. greater is the
I. Aggregate properties: Fineness and silt content of fine
and flakiness of coarse aggregate, type of aggregate e.g. aggregate, size, shape
l. Use of admixtures: Plasticizers will reduce crushed, uncrushed.
the water demand
DiSay,fferent
we
mix design methods give empirical relations to find the water demand
want to find water demand for 20 mm maximum size of crushed aggregate and

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)

 (F.M.: =3.0)for a slump range of 60to 80 mm
natural
sand
of
fzonelI (compaction factor
=09)

A.ISmethod
annexureII(page no 61)
Refer Demand =186 lit for compaction factor of 0.8
Water. incremental compaction factor of 0.1
3% waterfor
demand= 186 + 5.58
Add.

Water
= 191.58Lit
Cement Content =191.58/0.46
=416.47Kg/m3

B.DOEMethod
Refer.
Annexure III. - (page 65).
demand for 30 to 60mm
Wewill. | select water range
demand for natural fine aggregate =180lit
Water
demand for crushed coarse 20mm max size aggregate =210 lit
Water
Demand = 2/3 x 180+ 1/3 x 210
Water
70= 190 lit
= 120+ Content =190/0.46
Cement
=413.04

C.ACI Method
69)
Refer Annexure 1V-(page no
Water demand for 30 to 50mm Slump =185 Lit
Water demand for 80to 100 mm Slump =200 Lit
Water demand for 50 to 80 mm can be interpolated as average of the above
-192.5
Cement Content = 192.5 /O.46
=418.47

25 Determine fine and coarse aggregate content:

The fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio is determined in different methods as
follows:

A. IS method
Sand %by volume for zone IIsand, compaction factor 0.8 and water cement ratio 0.6 for
20mm down coarse aggregate=35% (Refer table 2 Annexure II, page no 65 of
Durocrete Mix Design Manual)
Corrections
Correction for zone 1sand=+1.5%
Correction for water/cement ratio of 0.46=-3%
Net Sand content 35=1.5-3-33.5%
Weights of fine and coarse aggregates are calculated as
V=(W +C/Sc + 1/p(fa/Sfa) ) x 1/1000
V=(W +CISc + 1/1-p x (Ca/Sca) ) x 1/1000
V=Absolute volume of fresh concrete i.e. (gross volume -volume of entrapped Air)
=1-.02=0.98
MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYAUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)
 demand= 190Lit
C=cemencontent =416Kg
=0.335
aggregateto total aggregate
fine aggregate in Kg per m3
quantityoffine
of
ralto
=
quantityof coarse aggregate in
Kg per m3
total
=3.15
a=total Gravityof Cement
-
gravityof fine aggregate =2.75
c=Specific

Specific
=Combined Coarse aggregate (Assuming 30% of coarse
Specific Gravity of =2.90
- : 0.7 +2.86x 0.3=2.89
down aggregate )x
Scg i s10mm
JREregate
A=606Kgm3
a =1278Kgm3

B.DOEMethod
AnnexureIII (page 65)
Contentt for slumprange
Reter of 30 to 60 mm and 30% 600 micron passing fraction in
Sand calculated from fig 2as 42%
fis specific gravity of
SAnd
combined aggregates is calculated as follows: -
Average x 2.89
+0.58
042 x2.75
=2.83
offconcrete is interpolated from fig 4 Annexure 4 as 2525kg/m3.
Plastic Density content per m3is calculated as 2525 416-190
aggregate =1919Kg
Total
Determine fine and coarse aggregate content:
25
The fine aggregateto coarse aggregate ratio is determined in different methods as
follows:

A. IS method
Gand %by volume for zone Il sand, compaction factor 0.8 and water cement ratio 0.6 for
hmm down coarse aggregate = 35%% (Refer table 2 Annexure III, page no 65 of
Durocrete Mix Design Manual)

Corrections
Correction for zone l sand =+1.5%
Correction for water/cement ratio of 0.46=-3%
Net Sand content 35=1.5-3-33.5%
Weights of fine and coarse aggregates are calculated as
V=(W +C/Sc + 1/p(fa/Sfa) ) x 1/1000
V=(W +C/Sc + 1/1-px (Ca/Sca) )x 1/1000
V= Absolute volume of fresh concrete i.e. (gross volume-volume of entrapped Air)
=1-.02-0.98
W=water demand =190Lit
C= cement content = 416Kg
P=ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate =0.335
fa = totalquantity of fine aggregate in Kg per m3
ca = total quantity of coarse aggregate in Kg per m3
Sc =Specific Gravity of Cement -3.15
Sfa = Specific gravityof fine aggregate =2.75
SCa = Combined Specific Gravity of Coarse aggregate (Assuming 30% of coarse
gregate is 1Omm down aggregate =2.90 x 0.7 +2.86x 0.3-2.89

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)

fa 606Kgm3
Ca-1278Kg/m3

Ohservation:

Strength of concrete:
....28days)
Conclusion /R:
 Experiment 2

Title: Modulus of rupture of concrete.

Objective:
To deternmine the Flexural Strenpth of Concrete. which comes into play when a road slab wItn
inadequate sub-grade support is subjected to wheel loads and /l or there are volume changes due to
temperature / shrinking.
References: IS: 516-1959 Methods of tests for strength of concrete

Theory:
Concrete as we know is relatively strong in compression and weak in tension. In reinforced
concrete members. Little dependence is placed on the tensile strength of concrete since steel
reinforcing bars are provided to resist all tensile forces. However, tensile stresses are likely to
develop in concrete due to drying shrinkage, rusting of steel reinforcement, temperature gradients
and many other reasons. Therefore the knowledge of tensile strength of concrete is of importance.

Concrete pavement carries load as a simple, plain, (non-reinforced) concrete beam. The strength
of the concrete in flexure is the most important requirement. In previous labs then primary
interest
has been the compressive strength of concrete. This strength is used in the structural design of
reinforced concrete, where tension, in which concrete is very weak. is assumed to be taken
entirely by the reinforcing steel.
The rebars in concrete pavement are not important from the point of view of bending stresses.
There are dowel barS at joints and possibly shrinkage control bars. As the correlation between it
and compressive strength is only approximate, it is usually measured directly and many
specifications for concrete pavement specify only the flexural strength of the concrete, and not the
compressive. The flexural strength is referred to as the modulus of rupture of the concrete.

Apparatus:
Beam mould of size 15 x 15x 70 cm (when size of aggregate is less than 38 mm) or of
size 10 x 10 x 50cm (when size of aggregate is less than 19 mm)

Tamping bar (40 cm long, weighing 2kg and tamping section having size of 25 mm x25
mm)

Flexural test machine- The bed of the testing machine shall be provided with two steel
rollers, 38 mm in diameter, on which the specimen is to be supported, and these rollers
shall be so mounted that the distance from centre to centre is 60cm for 15.0 cm specimens
or 40 cm for 10.0cm specimens. The load shall be applied through two similar rollers
mounted at the third points of the supporting span that is,spaced at 20 or 13.3 cm centre to
centre. The load shall be dividedequally between the two loading rollers, and allrollers
shall be mounted in such a manner that the load is applied axially and without subjecting
the specimen to any torsional stresses or restraints.

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITYY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)

Procedure

1. Prepare the test specimen by filling the concrete intothe

mould in 3 layersof
approximately cqual thickness. Tamp cach layer 35 times using the tamping bar as
specified above. Tamping should be distributcd
the beam mould and throughout the depth of uniformly over the entire crossection of
cach layer.
2. Clean the bearing surfaces of the supporting and
sand or
loading rollers , and remove any loose
other material from the surfaccs of the spccimen where they are to make
with the rollers. contact
3. Circular rollers manufactured out of stcel having cross
section with diameter 38 mm will
be used for providing support and loading points to the specimens. The
rollers shall be at least 10 mm more than the width of the test length of the
specimen.
rollers shall be used, three out of which shall be capable of rotating alongA total of four
The distance between the outer rollers (i.e, span) shall be 3d and the their own axes.
inner rollers shall be d. The inner rollers shall be equally spaced distance between the
such that the entire system is between the outer rollers,
4. The specimen stored in water systematic.
shall be tested immediately on removal from
they are still wet. The test specimen shallbe placed in the machine correctlywater; whilst
the longitudinal axis of the specimen at right angles to the rollers. For centered with
the mould filling direction shallbe normal to the moulded specimens,
direction of loading.
5. The load shall be applied at arate of loading of 400
at arate of 180 kg/min for the 10.0 cm
kg/min for the 15.0cm specimens and
specimens.
Caleulation

The FlexuralStrength or modulus of rupture (f,) is given by

f,= pl/bd (when a > 20.0cm for 15.0cm specimen or> 13.0cm for 10cm specimen)

f,=}pa/bd' (when a<20.0cm but >17.0 for 15.0cm specimen or <13.3 cm but >|1.0em for
10.0cm specimen.)

Where,

a= the distance between the line of fracture and the nearer support, measured on the center line of
the tensile side of the specimen

b= width of specimen (cm)

d=failure point depth (cm)

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)
|= supported length (cm)

p= max. Load (kg)

Figure:

Third-point loading
Head of testing machine

d= 3

Lð3
Span length =L
Flexural Strength Test Arrangement

Observation:

S.No. Grade of Compressive Flexural RemarkS

concrete (MPa) strength (MPa) Strength (MPa)
1. M20

2, M25

3. M30

4. M35

Conclusion /R:

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYAUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)

 Experiment 3
Te: Study of admixtures and their effect on
workability.
Ohiective: To study on effect of different
admixture on workability.
Daferences: IS 9103 (1999): Specification for Concrete
Admixtures
Theory:
Water reducing Concrete adnmixtures and Superplasticiser are widely
mechanical and structural used to improve uie
properties of fresh and hardened concrete. These admixtures are more
frequently used in pre-stressed concrete, slender components with congested a nd densely paCKeO
neinforcement, beams and slabs pre-cast elements and long slender columns.
1, Introduction
The history of the use of concrete admixtures is not well documented however the first
adm1xture
of air entraining agent was used in 1930 to resist the freezing of pavements. Today
concrete
admixtures are widely used to improve the chemical and physical properties of concrete which
include increased workability, reduction in water requirements, control setting, accelerated
hardening, high strength, better durability to the external conditions, decreased permeability.
The superplastisizers (SP) are referred to as high range water reducing admixture by ASTMC494
which mainly disperses t he water inc oncrete matrix. This property iss ometimes c ailed as
dispersion- fluidification property 0 fconcrete admixtures. The superplastisizers are classified in
the following four major groups;
"Sulfonated Nephthalene Formaldehyde Condense (SNF)
. Sulfonated Melamine Formaldehyde Condense (SMF)
"Modified Lignosulfonates (MLS)
"Others, including polyarcylates, polysterene Sulfontes, Polymers etc. Today superplastisizers are
in allimportant projects across the world in high rise buildings, pre-stressed concrete, slender
components with congested and densely packed reinforcement, beams and slabs pre-cast elements
and long slender columns. The superplastisizers affect the various properties of concrete both in
fresh and hardened forms mainly due to the following facts as commented by M.C ollperdi in
Concrete Admixtures Hand Book;
"Reduction in interfacial tension.
"Multilayered adsorption of Organic molecules.
"Protective Adherent Sheath layer of water molecule.
"Release of water trapped amongst the cement particles.
"Retarding effect of cement of cement hydration.
"Change in morphology of hydrated cement. It is likely that many of these phenomena contribute
to the fluidifying effect of concrete. Many of the flow properties of concrete depend on the
Cement paste component of concrete. The workability of concrete of concrete is mainly governed
by the max size, shape , texture and grading of the aggregates. For a given value of water cement
ratio, there is one value of coarse/fine ratio for given material that gives the highest workability [.

GORAKHPUR (U.P.)
MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
 Parenchio developed a miniature slump test for the cement paste which requires small amount of
cte and less testing time. The high workability of SP concrete is however lost in the cariy so
minutes due to formation of hydrates. The compressive strengths of SP concretes are usually
higherthan the corresponding strengths of cylinders cast from the reference mixture. When SP is
used, a water reduction up to 32-33% can be achieved. This fact leads to the increase in the
compressive strength of SP
concrete. Most recently new generations of Superplasticisers have been developed to give ultra
high. strength concrete producing concretes with compressive strengths of 15000 psi and more
and very high carly strength at 2to 4 hours. In water reduced SP concrete no undue segregation
and bleeding of concrete occurs due to decrease in water cement ratio. If there are sufficient fine
aggregatesin the concrete, the segregation in high workability SP concrete can also be controlled
The use of SP in fly ash added concrete may reduce its effectiveness as the unburnt carbon may
absorb the surface water. Malhotra and others initiated studies with high volume fly ash with the
content of low calcium fly ash >50% and the Portland cement contents varying from 100 to 180
Valm3, it was shown that adequate early age strength, workability, low temperature rise can De
echieved for fly ash added concretes using higher than the normal SP dosage. The adsorption of
SP on C~ of Portland cement occurs even with in few seconds whereas adsorption on the of C3S
occurs by a small amount in the first hour and further adsorption occurs in next five hours.The
setting time of concrete generally increases with the addition of SP, however the extent of this
retardation depends on the type of cement, temperature, and the dosage of SP . The setting time
may be accelerated when SP are used in combination with other admixtures. In this research the
effect of two types of High Range water Reducers of Polymer base and modified lignosulfonate
base respectively conforming to ASTM C-484 Type-D have been used for five concrete mixes
and three values of water cement ratiosto study their effects on various properties of Concrete
such as workability, compressive strength, tensile strength. modulus of rapture.
2. Experimental Details
2.1 Material: Cement: Ordinary Portland Type- I cement was used.
Fine Aggregates: Fine aggregates conforming to the gradation of ASTM-136 were used.
Coarse aggregates: Lime Stone Crushed stones of Sizes -y; in and below were used.
High Range Water Reducers: two types of superpastisizers (HRWR) conforming to ASTMC 484
type Dwith polymer base ( PB) and Modified Lignosulfate base (MLS) respectively were used as
2 % of cement by weight. (hereafter referred to as PB-SP and MLS-SP respectively) Water
Cement ratio: Three value of water cement ratios were used for experimental study .i.e. 0.55,0.60
and 0.65.
2.2 Mix proportioning of material:
Five mix designs of concrete major constituents ( Cement: Fine aggregates: Coarse
1:1l.5:2.5, 1:1.5:3,
aggregates) were used in nominal ratios by weight as 1:1:2, 1:1.25:2.5,
The admixture was used in
1:2:4 for allthe three water cement values of water cement ratios.
constant dosage of 0.80% by weight of cement.

2.3Testing of Samples: workability, compressive strength,

Tostudy the effect of addition of the superplasticizers on the
procedures used.
tensile strength, and modulus of rapture the following tests
TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)
MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF
 2.3.1 Workability tests:
workability different concrete mixes,
To study the of
for
standard slump tests were used.
2.3.2 Tests the Compressive
12 in were prepared and Strength of Concrete:For each mix design nine cylinders of 6in x
tested 3,7 and 28 days
at
of age after pouring.
23 Tests for the tensile
Strength of
Split cylinders tests were used to checkConcrete:
and the sizes of cylinders were kept as the tensile strength of fconcrete mixes at 28 days of age
6in x 12in.
234 Tests for Modulus of Rapture of
plain cement concrete beams of size 4 Concrete:
in x 4in and 12 in long
loading to were tested under third point
determine modulus of rapture of the concrete.
Apparatus:

Procedure:

Observations and discussions:

To study the efYect of the addition of both
concrete, control mixes without the additiontypes of superplasticizers on the different
of SP were also prepared. properties of
Efect of Superplsticisers on the workability and
Compressive strength The
onthe workability and
compressive strength has been shown in table No.I. effect addition of SP

WIC ratio
Superplastisizers Slump (mm) Compressive strength (N/mm)
(Type)
7days 14 days 28 days
Concrete mix
0.55
0.60
0.65

Conclusion / R:

MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, GORAKHPUR (U.P.)