LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN

TOPIC:MATERIAL HANDLING
ASM IMCOST
EAM
&T
AV
YAD
RSH
HA
 HARSH YADAV :BS2223174
KOUSHIKI PATEL : BS223116
MAYANK PRAJAPATI: B2223124
KARTIK KATTULU : BS2223072
HINA PANCHAL : BS2223110
DEVAL PATEL : BS2223115
RAHUL JAIN :BS2223062
HUSSAIN BHATI : BS2223013
 INDEX
1 DEFIINATION 2 OBJECTIVES

3 PRINCIPLES 4 SYSTEMS

5 EQUIPMENT 6 FACTORS
 INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL HANDLING MEANS PROVIDING THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF RIGHT-MATERIAL, IN THE RIGHT
CONDITION, AT THE RIGHT PLACE AND AT THE RIGHT TIME.

IN ORDER TO DO THE THINGS RIGHTLY MATERIAL HANDLING INVOLVES VARIOUS PROCESSES SUCH AS
MOVEMENT
PROTECTION
STORAGE
CONTROL OF MATERIALS

BEFORE THE GOODS REACHES THE FINAL CUSTOMER. THESE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM HAS TO PASS
THROUGH VARIOUS PROCESSES SUCH AS:-

DECIDING THE SPEED OF MOVEMENT OF GOODS, SERVICE & INFORMATION WITHIN ORGANIZATION & BETWEEN
THE SELLER AND CUSTOMER.

THE COMPANY'S RESPONSE LEVEL TO INTERNAL & EXTERNAL CUSTOMER'S REQUIREMENTS.

 INTRODUCTION
.
FOR EXAMPLE:- WHEN YOU PLACE AN ORDER FOR A PAIR OF NIKE SHOES, MATERIAL HANDLING OCCURS
THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PROCESS FROM ACQUIRING RAW MATERIALS TO DELIVERING THE FINAL SHOE TO
YOUR DOORSTEP. IT INCLUDES VARIOUS PROCESSES SUCH AS STORAGE,MOVEMENT,PACKAGING ETC

AROUND 15-20% OF THE COST OF THE PRODUCT IS SPENT ON MATERIAL HANDLING.

MATERIAL HANDLING IS AN IMPORTANT & SPECIALIZED FUNCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY. EVEN THOUGH
THIS ACTIVITY DOES NOT ADD TO THE VALUE OF THE PRODUCT, IT IS ESSENTIAL FROM THE POINT OF SPACE &
TIME UTILITY. (WHEN & WHERE IT IS REQUIRED)
 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
1. INCREASE THE STORAGE CAPACITY OF WAREHOUSE:
THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT RESULTS IN OPTIMUM UTILIZATION
OF SPACE OF WAREHOUSE. THE FOCUS SHOULD BE ON UTILISING THE CUBIC SPACE RATHER
THAN FLOOR SPACE. THUS, THE SPACE OF WAREHOUSE SHOULD BE UTILISED PROPERLY AND
AVOID BLOCKAGE OF SPACE.

2. REDUCTION OF THE NUMBER OF TIMES PRODUCT IS HANDLED:

THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS SHOULD BE SUCH THAT NUMBER OF TIMES THE PRODUCT
HAS TO BE HANDLED GETS REDUCED TO MINIMUM. THE MORE THE PRODUCT IS HANDLED BY
DIFFERENT WORKERS, THE MORE WILL BE THE RISK OF DAMAGE TO PRODUCT AND WILL
INCREASE MATERIAL HANDLING COST.

3. DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE WORKING CONDITIONS:

THE WORKING CONDITION SHOULD BE FAVOURABLE FOR ALL THE WORKER. THE WORKING
CONDITIONS SHOULD BE SAFE FOR THE WORKERS AND SHOULD ENSURE THAT WORKERS ARE
NOT EXPOSED TO ANY KIND OF POTENTIAL DANGERS OR INJURIES.
 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
4.REDUCTION OF MOVEMENT INVOLVING MANUAL LABOUR
THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT MOVEMENT OF MANUAL LABOUR
IS REDUCED TO MINIMUM. MECHANISATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING SHOULD BE ADOPTED AS
FAR AS POSSIBLE.

5.IMPROVES LOGISTICS SERVICE

MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT IMPROVES OVERALL LOGISTICAL
PERFORMANCE DURING PRE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AND POST
PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES. EFFECTIVE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM HELPS TO IMPROVE
EFFICIENCY OF ENTIRE ORGANISATION.

6.REDUCTION OF COST
COST IS ONE OF THE MAIN FACTOR IN MATERIAL HANDLING. THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT HELPS TO REDUCE OVERALL LOGISTICAL COSTS AND HELPS TO
INCREASE PROFITABILITY.
 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
1.PLANNING PRINCIPLE:
MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE DESIGNED AFTER ANALYSING NEEDS AND
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANISATION.
THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A MANNER THAT IT HELPS
THE ORGANISATION TO FULFILL ITS NEEDS AND ACHIEVE ITS OBJECTIVES

2.STANDARDISATION PRINCIPLE:
MATERIAL HANDLING METHODS, EQUIPMENTS CONTROLS AND SOFTWARE SHOULD BE
STANDARDISED AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.
STANDARDISATION IMPLIES TO THE SIZE OF CONTAINERS AS WELL AS TO
OPERATINGPROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENTS.

3.WORK PRINCIPLE:
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT HUMAN EFFORTS GETS REDUCED TO
MINIMUM WITHOUT SACRIFICING PRODUCTIVITY OR LEVEL OF SERVICE REQUIRED FOR
OPERATION.
 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
4. ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE:
ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLE STATES THAT HUMAN CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS MUST BE
RECOGNIZED AND MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT
SHOULD BE HUMAN FRIENDLY. MOREOVER, THE EQUIPMENTS SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT ENSURES
SAFE AND EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS.

5. UNIT LOAD PRINCIPLE:

A UNIT LOAD IS ONE THAT CAN BE STORED OR MOVED AS A SINGLE UNIT AT ONE TIME. THE
SIZE OF CARTONS OR PACKAGE SHOULD BE UNIFORM WHICH HELPS IN EASY HANDLING.

6. SPACE UTILIZATION PRINCIPLE:

THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT RESULTS IN OPTIMUM UTILIZATION
OF SPACE OF WAREHOUSE. THE FOCUS SHOULD BE ON UTILIZING THE CUBIC SPACE RATHER THAN
FLOOR SPACE. THUS, THE SPACE OF WAREHOUSE SHOULD BE UTILIZED PROPERLY AND AVOID
BLOCKAGE OF SPACE.
 PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
7.SYSTEMS PRINCIPLE:
MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND STORAGE ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE FULLY INTEGRATED TO FORM A
PROPER OPERATIONAL SYSTEM. A SYSTEMATIC OPERATIONAL SYSTEM WILL RESULT IN LESS
CONFUSION AND CONGESTION IN WORK.

8.AUTOMATION: MATERIAL HANDLING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE MECHANIZED AND / OR

AUTOMATED AS FAR AS POSSIBLE. THE AUTOMATION IN SYSTEM RESULTS IN IMPROVED
OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, INCREASED CONSISTENCY, ETC.

9.ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLE:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS CRITERIA
WHEN DESIGNING MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS. THE MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE
SET KEEPING IN MIND ITS ADVERSE EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT. THE SYSTEM SHOULD NOT CREATE
ANY DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT.

10.LIFE CYCLE COST:

THE COST OF MATERIAL HANDLING SHOULD BE ANALYZED IN ADVANCE AND SHOULD FAVOR THE
ORGANIZATION. THE COST OF MATERIAL HANDLING SHOULD PROVE BENEFICIAL AND ECONOMICAL
FOR THE COMPANY.
 SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL HANDLING
01.MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM:
IT IS THE CHEAPEST AND MOST COMMONLY USED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM. IN THIS SYSTEM,
THE WORKLOAD IS SOLELY DEPENDENT ON THE LABOR. THE LABOR HAS TO CARRY THE MATERIAL
FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER. THIS METHOD IS TIME CONSUMING AND NOT SUITABLE TO CARRY
LARGE VOLUME OF GOODS. MOREOVER, IN THIS METHOD THERE ARE HIGH CHANCE OF ERRORS
AND DAMAGE TO THE GOODS.

2.MECHANIZED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM:

MECHANIZED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM INVOLVES USAGE OF WIDE RANGE OF MATERIAL
HANDLING EQUIPMENT’S. IN THIS SYSTEM, SOME ASPECTS OF MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING
SYSTEM WHICH WAS INITIALLY DONE BY LABOR ARE MECHANIZED THROUGH THE USE OF VARIOUS
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT’S. THIS METHOD INVOLVES ERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM IS LESSER
AS COMPARED TO MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMBOTH MANUAL EFFORTS AS WELL AS
MECHANIZED WORK. THE HUMAN EFFORT INVOLVED IN MECHANIZED MAT.SOME OF THE
EQUIPMENTS USED IN MECHANISED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM ARE FORKLIFT TRUCKS,
CONVEYORS, CRANES ETC.
 SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL HANDLING
3. SEMI-AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM:
THE SEMI - AUTOMATED SYSTEM SUPPLEMENTS A MECHANISED SYSTEM BY AUTOMATING SPECIFIC
HANDLING REQUIREMENTS. IN THIS SYSTEM, SOME ASPECTS OF MECHANISED MATERIAL
HANDLING SYSTEM ARE COMPLETELY AUTOMATED THUS, THE SEMI AUTOMATED SYSTEM IS A
MIXTURE OF MECHANISED AND AUTOMATED HANDLING. TYPICAL EQUIPMENTS UTILISED IN SEMI-
AUTOMATED SYSTEM ARE AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEMS, COMPUTERISED SORTATIONS,
ROBOTICS ETC.

4. AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM:

AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM IS THE SYSTEM WHICH SUBSTITUTES HUMAN REQUIREMENTS WITH
AUTOMATION. COMPUTERISATION IS AN ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF AUTOMATION. AUTOMATED SYSTEM INCREASES
PRODUCTIVITY AND ENHANCES THE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF MATERIAL HANDLING. IT REDUCES THE RISK OF
HUMAN ERRORS. SOME OF THE EQUIPMENTS USED IN AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM ARE
CAROUSELS AND AUTOMATIC STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (ASRS).
EQUIPMENTS USED FOR MATERIAL HANDLING
TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS

FIXED PATH EQUIPMENTS VARIABLE PATH EQUIPMENTS

 MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT CAN BE
CLASSIFIED INTO TWO BROAD CATEGORIES
1.FIXED PATH EQUIPMENTS 2. VARIABLE PATH EQUIPMENTS
FIXED PATH EQUIPMENT IS EQUIPMENT WHICH VARIABLE PATH EQUIPMENT ARE THOSE
MOVES IN A FIXED DIRECTION. THEY MOVE FROM A EQUIPMENT WHICH HAVE NO RESTRICTIONS IN THE
FIXED POINT TO A FIXED POINT AND THEIR ROUTE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT. THEY CAN MOVE IN
CANNOT BE CHANGED. ANY DESIRED DIRECTION.

EXAMPLE: CONVEYORS, ELEVATORS. EXAMPLE: TRUCKS, AUTOMATED GUIDED

VEHICLE
SOME OF THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
ARE AS FOLLOWS
1.CONVEYORS: THESE ARE GRAVITY OR POWERED DEVICES WHICH ARE COMMONLY USED FOR MOVING
LOADS FROM POINT TO ANOTHER OVER A FIXED PATHS.

THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CONVEYORS ARE BELT CONVEYOR, CHAIN CONVEYOR, BUCKET CONVEYOR, SCREW
CONVEYOR, PIPELINE CONVEYOR, VIBRATORY CONVEYOR, TROLLEY CONVEYOR, AND CHUTE OR GRAVITY
CONVEYORS

. ADVANTAGES OF CONVEYORS ARE:-

THEY DO NOT REQUIRE OPERATORS,
THEY HELP IN THE MOVEMENT OF LARGE VOLUME OF PRODUCT
THEY ARE LESS COSTLY TO OPERATE.

CHAIN CONVEYOR

BELT CONVEYOR
SOME OF THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
ARE AS FOLLOWS
CRANES

CRANES ARE DEVICES WHICH ARE MOUNTED ON OVERHEAD RAILS OR GROUND LEVEL WHEELS OR RAILS,

THEY ARE USED TO LIFT, SWING AND TRANSPORT LARGE AND HEAVY MATERIALS.

THE EXAMPLES OF CRANES ARE :- GANTRY CRANE, A TILT CRANE, AND AN ELECTRICALLY OPERATED
OVERHEAD CRANE. (EOTC)
SOME OF THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
ARE AS FOLLOWS
ELEVATORS:
ELEVATORS ARE A TYPE OF CRANE THAT LIFT MATERIALS USUALLY BETWEEN THE
FLOORS OF BUILDINGS.

. THEY USUALLY SERVE ONLY A LIMITED AREA.

SOME OF THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
ARE AS FOLLOWS
4.HOISTS: HOISTS ARE DEVICES, WHICH MOVE MATERIALS VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY IN A LIMITED
AREA. EXAMPLES ARE AIR HOISTS, ELECTRIC HOISTS AND CHAIN HOISTS. THEY USUALLY SERVE ONLY A
LIMITED AREA.

5.INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS REFER TO THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF TRANSPORTATION ITEMS AND VEHICLES USED TO
MOVE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS IN MATERIAL HANDLING. THESE TRUCKS HAVE A VARIETY OF
CHARACTERISTICS TO MAKE THEM SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENT OPERATIONS. THESE TRUCKS MAY BE OPERATED
BY ELECTRIC, DIESEL, GASOLINE OR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM. EXAMPLES ARE FORKLIFT TRUCKS, PALLET
TRUCKS, TRACTORS WITH TRAILERS, HAND TRUCKS AND POWER TROLLEYS."

6.PIPELINES: PIPELINES ARE CLOSED TUBES THAT TRANSPORT LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF PUMPS OR GRAVITY. IT
IS OFTEN USED IN AUTOMATED WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS TO FOLLOW A MAGNETIC PATH FOR DESTINATION.
THE MAIN BENEFITS OF AGV INCLUDE LOWER HANDLING COSTS, LESS DAMAGE TO PRODUCTS, AND
IMPROVED SAFETY.."
SOME OF THE MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
ARE AS FOLLOWS
7.AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE: AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE (AGV) ARE BATTERY-POWERED DRIVERLESS
VEHICLES THAT ARE CONTROLLED BY COMPUTER. AGV ARE OFTEN USED IN AUTOMATED WAREHOUSE
OPERATIONS. AGV SYSTEMS FOLLOW A MAGNETIC PATH FOR DESTINATION. THEY STOP IF THEY FIND ANY
OBSTRUCTIONS IN THEIR PATH. THE MAIN BENEFITS OF AGV INCLUDE LOWER HANDLING COST, LESS
DAMAGE TO PRODUCTS, IMPROVED SAFETY, ETC."

8.INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS: INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS ARE AN AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED, REPROGRAMMABLE

MECHANISM THAT CAN PERFORM A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS. ROBOTS ARE USEFUL IN WAREHOUSES WHERE AN
EXTREME CONDITION OF TEMPERATURE AND NOISE EXISTS.

9.FORKLIFT TRUCKS: ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED AND EXTREMELY HELPFUL EQUIPMENT IN
MATERIALS HANDLING HAS BEEN THE FORKLIFT TRUCK. THIS COULD BE BATTERY OPERATED OR DIESEL
OPERATED. IT HAS A FORK WHICH CAN BE INSERTED INTO THE PALLET AND THUS THE LOAD IS LIFTED."
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF MATERIAL
HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
1.FREQUENCY OF MATERIAL MOVEMENT: IT REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF TIMES MATERIALS ARE TO BE
MOVED FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER. IN CASE OF LOWER FREQUENCY, A MANUAL SYSTEM SHOULD BE
USED. IN CASE OF HIGHER FREQUENCY, A MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
SHOULD BE USED.

2.DISTANCE OF MATERIAL MOVEMENT: IT REFERS TO THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE ORIGIN AND
DESTINATION OF MATERIAL MOVEMENT. DISTANCE DEPENDS UPON VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS SIZE OF
WAREHOUSE, MANUFACTURING PROCESS, DISTANCE BETWEEN ORDER PICKING AND PACKAGING, ETC. IF THE
DISTANCE IS LOWER, A MANUAL SYSTEM CAN BE USED. BUT IN CASE OF HIGHER DISTANCE, A MECHANIZED
OR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED.

3.QUANTITY OF MATERIALS: THE TYPE OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT TO BE USED ALSO DEPENDS
UPON THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER. IF THE
QUANTITY IS LOWER, A MANUAL SYSTEM CAN BE USED, BUT IN CASE OF HIGHER QUANTITY, A MECHANIZED
OR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED.
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF MATERIAL
HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
4.TIME : IT REFERS TO THE TIME AVAILABLE FOR COMPLETING THE MATERIAL MOVEMENT PROCESS. IN
SHORT, IT REFERS TO THE TIME AVAILABLE FOR SHIFTING MATERIAL FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER.
IF THE TIME AVAILABLE IS MORE, A MANUAL SYSTEM CAN BE USED, BUT IF THE TIME AVAILABLE IS LESS,
A MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED.

5.COST: COST BASICALLY INVOLVES THE INITIAL INVESTMENT AND COST OF MAINTENANCE. IF THE
ORGANIZATION HAS COST LOW, THEN IT SHOULD USE A MANUAL SYSTEM. BUT IF THE ORGANIZATION IS
WILLING TO SPEND MORE TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION LONG-TERM ADVANTAGES, THEN IT SHOULD USE
A MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM.

6.ENGINEERING FACTORS: SELECTION OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT ALSO DEPENDS ON VARIOUS

ENGINEERING FACTORS SUCH AS SIZE OF WAREHOUSE, TYPE OF WAREHOUSE, FLOOR SIZE AND CONDITION,
HEIGHTS OF WAREHOUSE STRUCTURAL STRENGTH, ETC.
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF MATERIAL
HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
7.COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY STANDARDS: WORKERS' SAFETY IS A PRIME RESPONSIBILITY OF THE EMPLOYER.
THUS, SELECTION OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT ALSO DEPENDS UPON COMPLIANCE OF EQUIPMENT
WITH SAFETY STANDARDS SUCH AS EMERGENCY STOP, AUDIO/VISUAL WARNINGS, ADEQUATE GUARDING, ETC.

8.LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS: THE COST OF MAINTENANCE SHOULD BE ANALYZED IN ADVANCE AND SHOULD
FAVOR THE ORGANIZATION. THE COST OF MAINTENANCE SHOULD PROVE BENEFICIAL AND ECONOMICAL FOR
THE COMPANY.

9. MOREOVER, THE SPARE PARTS SHOULD BE READILY AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET. AFTER SALES SERVICE
ALSO PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN SELECTING MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT.
THANK YOU