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String functions/ methods, module and list as arrays

Notes on string functions and methods, modules and list as arrays in python

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vksri2020it
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18 views

String functions/ methods, module and list as arrays

Notes on string functions and methods, modules and list as arrays in python

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vksri2020it
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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3.17 STRING FUNCTIONS AND METHODS Strings provide methods to perform a variety of useful operations. A method similar to a function. It takes arguments and returns a value. Some of the function are listed in the table. Table 3.11 String Functions in Python S first character of s s first letter of each word in s Count number of occurrences of sub in s or —1 not found _ s.index(sub) Find first index of sub in s, or raise ValueError if not | found “safind(sub) | Same as find, but 7 cindex(sud) Same as inde dex, but ast index | Fg tower) Convert s to lower ease eeword="python programming! >>>newword=word.upper() >>>newword: ‘PYTHON PROGRAMMING this form of dot notation specities the name of the method, “upper” and the name of ihe string, to apply the method to ‘word’, The empty parentheses indicate that this inethod takes no arguments, Amethod call is called an invocation. $ . i is invoking ‘upper’ on ‘word 3.17.2 Lower The method ‘lower’ takes a string and returns a new string with all lowercase laters Exampl >>>word="PYTHON PROGRAMMING >>>newword=word.lower() >>>newword ‘python programming’ 3.17.3 Capitalize racter Of 8 e first chat anction capitalizes the frst ‘python’ >>>s.capitalize() ‘Python’ 4 Split The “split” Function stip leading or trailing white space from # string Example: >>>s='python programming! >>>s.split() Cpython’, 'programming'} 3.17.5 Find The ‘find’ method can find substrings in a string >>>word~python programming! >>>newword=word.find pro’) >>>newword 7 Here the ‘find’ method searches from the first and finds the string which sta pro and returns index 7 as parameter. >>>newword=word.find(‘pro',3) >>>newword 7 Here the find method searches from the 3rd index and finds the string which ss at pro and returns index 7 as parameter. >>>newword=word.find‘ram,7, 15) >>enewword W ne find method searches from then, 0 TO wit the 7H em and returns inde, h index to 15th index and finds the si feat eX 1 a parameten lex and finds the string >opnewword=worfindrem? 7,15) >>>newword : -l search fails. fina ere the seat So the ‘fing’ function returns —1 as parameter. 476 The in operator rie word in is a boolean operator that takes two strings and retums fist sting APPEATS &S a Substring in the second True’ if the example: >>>'ra’ in ‘parrot! False >>>'ro! in ‘parrot! True python sometimes reads like English, That is, “for (each) letter in (the first) word, if (ihe) letter (appears) in (the second) word, print (the) letter.” Example: >>>def in_both(word1, word2): for letter in word: if letter in word2: print(letter) >>>in_both(‘jovita’, ‘iesvita’) OT M 3.17.7 String Concatenation 4s 0 i810 40 ting allows . Cor python al 1+ \ cans to join, Pythom St inbol ‘Soncatenation operator plus which is denoted by SY Example: >>>first 3.17.8 Repetition i yetition operat Python allows us to repeat the given string using repel erator whi, denoted by symbol *. Example: >>>a="'Hello! >>>ats ‘HelloHelloHelloHelloHello 3.17.9 String Length ‘The len function returns the number of characters in a string, Example: >>>s='problem solving! >>>len(s) 15 3.17.10 String comparison The relational operators work on strings. The relational operators are used compare two strings. Example: >>>if 'python'= ='python’: print(’Both strings are equal’) Both strings are equal ODL ————— rer ARINC we module provides addition, pee the standard dat Al tools t rm gpte 1” structure Hipulate strings Som “is te: 7 yw import st <-ostring digits 23450789" ingaseli_letters ny ‘ol sabedetghijklmnopqrstuywayza AOPORS aes WwayABCDEFGHUKLM s>>string.aseii_lowercase abedefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz! ascii_upperease >FGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVW xyz! ~>string. hexdigit 19123456789abedefABCDEF s>>string.octdigits 101234567" >>>string punctuation HSMN I< >>>string printable ‘0123456789abcdetighijkimnopqrstuvwxy2ABCDE FGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#S%8')"*=./ <=>2@[\\I_ {I}~ WinlriwOblw0e" >>>string,whitespace ‘nin\xOb\x0e" >>>string.capwords("python") ‘Python’ 2@h~ M8 LISTS AS ARRAYS ng array in other programm list is similar to cre: tition operator and a Python solution is to use the * Creating fixed languages. The typic list containing the value None: ee Example: [None]*5 a [None, None, None, None, None] The variable is now a list with five elements, but the positions do not yet have ,, usefull value stored in them 1. and 7670 18 a tno * In some ions the array will hold numeric da appropria pli al value. Example: >>>data = [0]*5 A two dimensional array is usually represented in Python by a list of lists. Howey, the initialization of such a value is not as casy as the initialization of & one dimensional list. Example: >>>a="none’ >>>data=[a]*5 >>>data [‘none’, ‘none’, ‘none’, ‘none’, ‘none’] >>>for i in range(0,5): datafi)=[0}*5 >>>data [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, £0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, £0, 0, 0, 0, 0},{0, 0, 0, 0, 0}) >>>data[2][2]-7 >>>data {[0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, (0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, [0, 0, 7,0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0},{0, 0, 0, 0, OT)

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