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Short Notes - Motion in A Straight Line - Arjuna KCET 2025

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213 views4 pages

Short Notes - Motion in A Straight Line - Arjuna KCET 2025

hi

Uploaded by

neerajbadiger489
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2024 – 25

Motion in a Straight line

Displacement r
Average velocity =  Vav =
Time interval t
Distance travelled
Average speed =
Time interval
For uniform motion
Average speed = | average velocity | = | instantaneous velocity
dr d ˆ ˆ dx dy ˆ dz ˆ
Velocity v = = ( xi + yj + zkˆ) = iˆ + j + k = vxiˆ + v y ˆj + vz kˆ
dt dt dt dt dt
Total change in velocity v
Average Acceleration = = aav =
Total time taken t
Acceleration

( )
dv d dv dv dv
a= = vxiˆ + v y ˆj + vz kˆ = x iˆ + y ˆj + z kˆ = axiˆ + a y ˆj + az kˆ
dt dt dt dt dt
Important Points About 1D Motion
• Distance ≥ | displacement | and Average speed ≥ | average velocity |
• If distance > | displacement | it implies that at least at one point in path velocity is zero.

Motion with Constant Acceleration: Equations of Motion


• If vector form
u +v  1 2 1 2
v = u + at and r = r2 − r1 = s =   t = ut + at = vt − at
 2  2 2
a
v 2 = u 2 + 2a  s and s m = u + (2n − 1)
n 2
( Snth → displacement in nth second)
• For one dimensional motion
u+v 1 2 1 2
v = u + at s =   t = ut + at = vt − at
 2  2 2
a
v 2 = u 2 + 2as sn = u + (2n − 1)
2
Uniform Motion
If an object moving along the straight line covers equal distance in equal interval of time, it is said to be in uniform
motion along a straight line.
Velocity of the offset is constant.

Different Graphs of Motion Displacement-Time Graph


S.No. Codition Graph
1. For a stationary body
2. Body moving with a constant velocity

3. Body moving with a constant acceleration

4. Body moving with a constant retardation

5. Body moving with infinite velocity. But such motion of


body is never possible

Velocity-Time Graph
S.No. Condition Graph
1. Moving with a constant velocity

2. Moving with a constant acceleration having


zero initial velocity

3. Body moving with a constant retardation and its


initial velocity is not zero

4. Moving with a constant retardation with zero initial


velocity

5. Moving with increasing acceleration

6. Moving with decreasing acceleration


Note: Slope of velocity-time graph gives acceleration.
Acceleration-Time Graph
S.No. Condition Graph
1. When object is moving with constant acceleration

2. When object is moving with constantly increasing


acceleration

3. When object is moving with constantly decreasing


acceleration

Motion Under Gravity (No Air Resistance)


If an object is falling freely under gravity, then equations of motion become
(i) v = u + gt
1
(ii) h = ut + gt 2
2
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2gh
Notes:
If an object is thrown upward then g is replaced by –g in above three equations. If a body is thrown vertically up with
a velocity u in the uniform gravitational field then
(i) Maximum height attained H = u2/g
(ii) Time of ascent = time of descent = u/g
(iii) Total time of flight = 2u/g
(iv) Velocity of fall at the point of projection = u (downwards)
(v) Gallileo’s law of odd numbers: For a freely
falling body dropped from rest, the ratio of successive
distance covered in equal time interval, is
S1 : S2 : S3 : : Sn = 1: 3: 5 : : 2n − 1
At any point on its path the body will have same speed for upward journey and downward journey.

If a body thrown upwards crosses a point in time t1 and t2 respectively then height of point h = 1/2 g1t2 Maximum
1
height H = g ( t1 + t2 )
2
8
A body thrown upwards, downwards and horizontally with same speed takes time t1, t2 and t3 respectively to reach
1
the ground then t3 = t1t2 and height from where the particle was thrown is H = gt1t2
2

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