Unit 1

Management of Sporting Events

1. Functions of Sports Events Management (Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing &
Controlling)
2. Various Committees & their Responsibilities (pre; during & post)
3. Fixtures and their Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding) & League (Staircase,
Cyclic, Tabular method) and Combination tournaments.
4. Intramural & Extramural tournaments – Meaning, Objectives & Its Significance
5. Community sports program (Sports Day, Health Run, Run for Fun, Run for Specific
Cause & Run for Unity)

1. Functions of Sports Events Management (Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing &

Controlling)
Management-
According to George Terry “Management is a process of planning, organizing, actualizing
and controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives of the use of people and
resources.”
Sports Management-
According to P. Chelladurari “Sports management is the coordination of resources,
technologies, processes, personnel and situational contingencies for the efficient production
and exchange of sports services.”
Functions of Sports Events Management-
Planning- Planning is a process of achieving pre-determined goals and decide what is to be
done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done and by whom it is to be done.
Organizing: Organizing is the management function of assigning duties, grouping tasks,
establishing authority and allocating resources to carry out a specific plan.
Staffing: This function is concerned with finding the right person for the right position at the
right time.
Directing: Directing is the process of supervising, motivating, leading and communicating
with the subordinates to achieve the organizational objectives.
Controlling: The task of controlling involves establishing standards of performance,
measuring current performance, comparing it with established standards and taking corrective
actions, if there is any significant deviation between actual and planned performance.
Various Committees & their Responsibilities (pre; during & post)

1. Publicity committee: The committee for publicity announces the date, venues and sports
events, provides advance information to the institutions, undertakes printing, etc. Its main
responsibility is to advertise sports events.
2. transportation committee: This committee is responsible for providing the facilities
regarding transportation of various teams to the venue of sports events or to the place of
boarding and lodging as the case may be. Its main duty is to make necessary arrangements for
transportation.
3. boarding and lodging committee: Boarding and lodging committee is responsible for
making necessary arrangements for providing accommodation and serving meals to the
sportspersons and officials.
4. decoration and ceremony committee: The decoration and ceremony committee is
responsible for the decoration of sports arena or stadium. It is also responsible for making
necessary arrangements for the opening ceremony, victory ceremony and closing ceremony
of the games/sports meet. This committee also makes arrangements for trophies, medals and
certificates.
5. grounds and equipment committee: This committee is responsible for preparing the
grounds or laying out the track and field. It also makes necessary arrangements of equipment
related to the game/athletic meets. This committee is also responsible for providing
equipment according to specifications.
6. Committee for Refreshments and Entertainment: This committee takes charge of
supplying refreshments and drinks to guests, officials, competitors, etc. It also makes some
arrangements for entertainment programmes during the opening ceremony and closing
ceremony of the sports events.
7. Reception Committee: The members of this committee are responsible for welcoming the
chief guests at the opening and closing ceremonies. It is also the duty of this committee to
welcome other guests and spectators.
8. Committee on Entries and Programmes: This committee sends entry forms to the
various institutions early and receives them on time, allots numbers to the competitors and
arranges the seats for guests and spectators. While organising games it also prepares fixtures
of teams participating in the competition. It prepares the complete programme related to
games/sports events and gets it printed. In fact, this committee prepares souvenirs and
circulates them among guests, managers of the teams and officials.
9. Committee for Officials: This committee selects various officials such as referees, judges,
recorders, clerks of the course, starters, track umpires, time keepers and lap scorers for
athletic meets and referees, umpires, time keepers, recorders, judges, etc., in case of games as
per the requirement.
10. Announcement Committee: This committee is solely responsible for making various
announcements during the sports meet or games. This committee gives information regarding
the opening and closing ceremonies, which and when an event is going to take place, the
names of officials, who are conducting the events and also gives running commentary of
games/sports event.
11. First Aid Committee: First aid committee is headed by a well-qualified doctor. This
committee provides first aid to the injured or affected athlete/sportsperson immediately. This
committee makes all necessary arrangements for providing help much before the sports
events are organised because athletes or sportspersons may get injuries during the
competitions.
12. Finance Committee: This committee is related to financial management. It prepares the
budget and maintains the account of income and expenditure.
Fixtures and their Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye & Seeding) & League (Staircase,
Cyclic, Tabular method) and Combination tournaments
Tournament
A tournament is a competition held among various teams in a particular activity according to
a fixed schedule where we have to decide a winner.
Types of Tournaments-
1. Knock-out Tournament 2. League or Round Robin Tournament
3. Combination Tournament 4. Challenge Tournament
1. Knock-out Tournament
In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated, automatically gets eliminated from
the tournament.
Bye: Privilege given to a team on a random basis.
Bye refers to a dummy team that does not play in the first round but participates in the second
round.
Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed in fixtures in such a way that
stronger teams do not meet each other at the very start of the tournament.
Method of Fixing Byes
1. The first bye is given to the last team of the lower half.
2. The second bye is given to the first team of the upper half.
3. The third bye is given to the first team of the lower half.
4. The fourth bye is given to the last team of the upper half.
5. The next bye or byes will be given in the same order as described above.
2. League or Round Robin Tournament or Berger System
According to this tournament, each team plays with every other team.
Single league: In a single league round robin schedule, each participant plays with every
other participant once. The number of matches played is equal to N(N-1)/2, where N is the
number of teams.
Double league: If each participant plays with others twice, this is called a round robin double
league tournament. The number of matches played is equal to N(N-1), where N is the number
of teams.
Procedure of Fixture in a League or Round Robin Tournament
The following methods are used for fixtures in a league tournament:
1. Cyclic Method 2. Staircase Method 3. Tabular Method
1. Cyclic Method

2. Staircase Method

3. Tabular Method
Example: When teams are even, N= Total number of teams participated, N=6
Number of Rounds = N - 1 so, Number of Rounds = 6 – 1 = 5
Total numbers of Matches = [ N ( N-1 ) / 2 ]
Total numbers of Matches = [ 6 ( 6-1 ) / 2 ] = [ 6 (5) / 2 ] = [ 30/2 ] = 15
Numbers of Columns = N + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
T1 1 2 3 4 5
T2 3 4 5 2
T3 5 1 4
T4 2 1
T5 3
T6

NOTE- Here, T1 stand for Team No. 1, T2 stand for Team No. 2 and so on.
Example: When teams are odd, N= Total number of teams participated, N=5
Number of Rounds = N so, Number of Rounds = 5
Total numbers of Matches = [ N ( N-1 ) / 2 ]
Total numbers of Matches = [ 5 ( 5-1 ) / 2 ] = [ 5 (4) / 2 ] = [ 20/2 ] = 10
Numbers of Columns = N + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 BYE
T1 1 2 3 4 5
T2 3 4 5 2
T3 5 1 4
T4 2 1
T5 3

BYE

NOTE- Here, T1 stand for Team No. 1, T2 stand for Team No. 2 and so on.

3. Combination Tournaments
Combination tournaments are conducted when the matches are to be played on group basis or
zonal basis.
The following combinations of tournaments are used.
1. Knock-out cum Knock-out 2. League cum League
3. Knock-out cum League 4. League cum Knock-out
1. Knock-out cum Knock-out

2. League cum League

3. Knock-out cum League

4. League cum Knock-out Tournament

Intramural & Extramural tournaments – Meaning, Objectives & Its

Significance
MEANING OF INTRAMURAL
• The word ‘Intramural’ is derived from the Latin words ‘Intra’ and ‘Muralis’.
• ‘Intra’ means ‘within’ and ‘Muralis’ means ‘wall’.
• It means that the activities which are performed within the walls or within the campus of an
institution are called ‘intramural’.
• Example- Inter-house, Inter-class etc.
OBJECTIVES OF INTRAMURAL
A. To provide opportunity to students to participate in the games of their interest.
B. Personality Development
C. To Promote Mass Participation
D. To Develop Socialisation
E. To Provide Recreation
F. To help in Talent Finding
G. To Develop Sportsman Spirit
H. To Provide Opportunity to Learn New Skills
SIGNIFICANCE OF INTRAMURAL
A. Helps in refreshment and recreation of children
B. Helps to build leadership quality among students
C. It enables students to build unity and coordination
D. It helps to develop interest of students in various games and sports
E. It helps to develop the physical fitness of students
MEANING OF EXTRAMURAL
• The word ‘Extramural’ is derived from the Latin words ‘Extra’ and ‘Muralis’.
• ‘Extra’ means ‘outside’ and ‘Muralis’ means ‘wall’.
• It means that the activities, which are performed outside the walls of an institution or a
school.
• Example- Inter-school, Zonal, District, State etc.
OBJECTIVES OF EXTRAMURAL
A. To Improve the standard of sports
B. To Provide Enriching Experience to students
C. To Develop Sportsmanship and a Feeling of Fraternity
D. To Broaden the Base of Sports
E. To Provide Knowledge of New Rules and Advanced Techniques.
SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRAMURAL
A. Provide Opportunities to Schools to Show their Sports Capabilities
B. Enhance the Standard of Sports Performance
C. Provide Appropriate Knowledge of Sports Techniques
D. Plan and Implement the Programmes of Physical Education More Effective
E. Improve the Opportunities to Participate in Sports
COMMUNITY SPORTS PROGRAM (SPORTS DAY, HEALTH RUN, RUN FOR FUN,
RUN FOR SPECIFIC CAUSE AND RUN FOR UNITY)
1. Sports Day: It is one of the important programs that feature in the annual calendar of most
residential areas, community schools. It is an event not only to showcase abilities and Skills
of children and youth on the sports field but also a great opportunity for community members
to meet, greet and interact with each other. It also reflects the organizational strength of the
society members and various other organizing institutions.
2. Health Run: Such kind of run is generally conducted for the purpose of improving the
health standards in society and creating awareness about the importance of physical activities
for maintaining good health or for raising charity. In this run, the purpose of the runners is not
to win, but to participate in the events.
3. Run for Fun: The purpose of this run is to spread the message of staying fit and healthy
among the masses. Sometimes such races may be conducted to raise funds for a specific
purpose. In schools such races attract children and their parents. These are friendly races and
may be conducted for any age group. Examples of such races are parent and child race,
teacher and child race, banana race, road running etc.
4. Run for Specific Cause: This event is generally conducted to spread awareness about
social issues like cleanliness, promoting green environment etc. The purpose of such events is
to spread awareness among the masses for a definite cause or to generate charity. Example,
the specific cause may be cancer, AIDS, gender inequality etc.
5. Run for Unity: In such a type of run the purpose is to promote the feeling of integrity and
brotherhood in community, state, nation or among different religions. Such events help to
develop bonding and a sense of togetherness among people.