Complete

Product
Incomplete

H H

n C C
H H

reactive metal (Na)

H H
H C C H + H2
H ONa
Sodiium ethoxide
 PREPARATION of member of HOMOLOGOUS SERIES in LABORATORY
Product

Reaction

Remark:
Distillation
To make the
C2H5OH

> ___________

A
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
s

Heated under REFLUX

To ensure all reactants

Alcohol cant be heat directly bcoz

Remark react ________________
alcohol is very volatile & flammable
(1) Some glass wool is pushed into the (1) 20g of glucose is _____________ in 100cm3 of (1) About 20cm3 of C2H5OH (1) About 25cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid is poured
boiling tube. distilled water in a conical flask. is ___________ with 2cm3 into a round-bottomed flask containing a few
(2) Using a dropper, some ethanol (2) A little warm water is mixed well with 10g of K2Cr2O7/H+ into a round pieces of porous chips.
in added to ____________ the glass wool. ______________ in a small beaker. bottomed flask (2) About 50cm3 of ethanol and 10 drops of
(3) Boiling tube is _____________ horizontally , (3) The mixture of yeast and water is __________ to (2) The mixture is heated ____________________ sulphuric acid are added
P & unglazed porcelain chip are placed the glucose solution in the conical flask. under _________ to glacial ethanoic acid.
r in the ______ section of the boiling tube The content of the conical flask is _________ well. (3) Condenser Liebig is installed (3) The mixture is _________ in a water bath.
o (4) The boiling tube is ___________ with a (4) The apparatus is set up as shown above. to ______________ Heating under _________ is carried out about half
c stopper fitted with delivery tube (5) When the fermentation starts, __________ of gas the unreact ethanol vapour an hour.
e (5) The delivery tube is placed under an are formed. The conical flask with the fermenting _________ into the flask (4) The mixture produced is distilled at ________ using
d ______________ test tube filled with water to be _______________ the distillation apparatus as shown above.
u mixture is left for at least _____ week. (T = _______)
(6) The porous pot chips are (5) The odour and solubility of the distilled are
r _______________ strongly until glowing red. (6) After a week, the fermenting mixture is ___________ recorded
e (7) The glass wool is then warmed gently (7) The filtrate is then set for fractional distillation
to ________________ the ethanol. using the apparatus set up as shown above.
(8) The vapour is ____________ through the (8) The filtrate is __________ until it boiled at ______
heated porous pot chips. and the liquid _______________ at the conical flask
(9) Bubbles of gas formed are ______________ is collected.
over water in the test tube.
 10 P and Q are two alkanes. The 14 Propane reacts with bromine in 17 Propene can undergo the 20
PUSAT TUISYEN ALPHA DINAMIK number of carbon atoms per the presence of light to produce polymerisation process in
molecule in Q is higher than the compound X. Which of the certain conditions. Which of
Form 5 Carbon compound rev1 Prepared by Alfred Lim
number of carbon atoms per structural formula below may be the following represents a part
molecule in P. Which of the compound X ? of polypropene's structure ?
1. Which of the following 6 Which of the following structural following is not true about P and I A
compounds is not classified formulae is a saturated hydro- Q?
as an organic compound ? carbon ? A. Q burns more easily than P Figure above shows the
A. Vinegar C Natural gas A B. Q releases more heat than P production of a certain gas that
B. Marble D Natural rubber B when burnt II B can decolourise potassium
C. Density of Q is higher than P manganate(VII) solution when
2. Which of the following D. Boiling point of Q is higher material X is heated. Which of
C
statements is true about all than P the following organic compounds
organic compounds ? III C is/are most probably material X?
A Does not dissolve in water; 11 I
D
dissolve in organic solvents
only
B Contains only carbon and IV D II
hydrogen elements
C Has a low melting and boiling 7 Ethane fully combusts in air to Reaction between compound X
point produce carbon dioxide and and bromine to produce 2-bromo A I only C III & IV 18 Which of the following is the
D Produces carbon dioxide water. What is the volume of -2-methyl-propane is shown in B I & II D I, II, III & IV molecular structure of the III
when burnt carbon dioxide gas that is the equation above.Which of the compound that is formed when
produced at room temperature following is the molecular 15 Which of the following ethene reacts with hydrogen
3. Which of the following is the and pressure, when 0.1 mol formula of compound X ? statements is not true about bromide ?
main source of hydrocarbon ? ethane gas fully combusts ? A CH3CHCH2 the compound that has the A IV
A Petroleum A 0.2 dm3 C 4.8 dm3 B CH3CH2CH3 C2H4 molecular formula ?
B Natural gas B 2.4 dm3 D 9.6 dm3 C (CH3)2CCH2 A Can be dissolve in water
C Decayed plants remains D (CH3)2CHCH3 to produce ethanol
D Coal 8 B Can be prepared by B A I only C II & III
12 Which of the following dehydrating ethanol B II only D II, III & IV
4. Which of the following is not compound formulae can C Combusts in air to produce
true about unsaturated undergo polymerisation reaction? carbon dioxide and water 21 Which of the following pairs of
hydrocarbons ? A D Can produce polyethene C compounds will react ?
A Contains only carbon and Following the IUPAC system, I C3H6 + Br2
hydrogen elements the chemical name for an 16 Compound X is produced when II C3H6 + Cl2 in sunlight
B Contains only single covalent organic substance that has the ethanol is heated with acidified III C3H6 + H2O in the presence
bonds between the carbon structural formula in figure B potassium dichromate (VI). D of sulphuric acid
atoms above is Which of the following are the IV C3H6 + H2O in the presence
C Produces carbon dioxide A 1-ethyl-2-methylpropane characteristics of compound X? 19 Which of the following of concentrated sulphuric
and water when burnt B 1-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpropane I Decolourises bromine water statements describes the acid
D Can undergo an addition C 2,2-dimethypentane C II Changes the blue litmus characteristic of ethanol ? A I only C I,II & III
reaction D methylhexane colour red A Ethanol has the -OH group, B I & III D I,II,III & IV
III Produces a fragrant which makes it alkaline
5 Which of the following formulae 9 Liquid Y react with magnesium compound when heated with B Ethanol has the -OH group, 22 Which of the following reaction
show saturated hydrocarbons ? metal to produce a gas that D ethanol and concentrated which forms a bond with is/are addition reaction(s) ?
I CH3CH2CHC(CH3)2 burns with a 'pop' sound when sulphuric acid water when it dissolves in I C3H6 + H2 → C3H8
II CH3CHCHCH2CH3 flaming wooden splint is placed IV Changes the orange water II C3H6 + H2O → C3H7OH
III (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2 near it. Liquid Y is most likely a 13 How many isomers exist for coloured acidified potassium C Ethanol can react with water III C3H6 + HCl → C3H7Cl
IV CH3CH2CH2CH3 compound that has the formula pentene ? dichromate(VI) to green to produce ethanoic acid IV C3H6 + 2Cl2 → C2H4Cl + 2HCl
A II only C I,II & III A C2H5OH C H3COOCH3 A 3 C 5 A I & IV C II & IV D Ethanol can be oxidised to A I only C I, II & III
B III & IV D I,II,III & IV B HCOOH D C6H14 B 4 D 6 B II & III D II, III & IV ethene B I & III D I, II, III & IV
23 Which of the following structural 26 Which of the following structural 29 Melting Boiling 32 When methanol is refluxed with 36 1 mol of organic compound Z 41 Which of the following tests is
Alkane
formula is/are the isomer(s) of a formulae is the isomer of point/0C point/0C ethanoic acid and a few drops requires 3 mol of oxygen for the most suitable to differentiate
compound with the C3H8O 1-butene? P -130 36 of concentrated sulphuric acid, complete combustion.Which of between hexane and hexene?
molecular formula ? A Q -140 64 liquid X is produced. Which of the following is/are most likely A Shake with a small amount
I R -91 99 the following structural formulae to be compound Z ? of water
Table above shows the melting is most likely to be liquid X? I C2H4 III C2H5OH B Shake with a small amount
B point & boiling point for alkanes II C2H6 IV CH3OCH3 of chlorine water
A
P, Q and R. Which of the A I & II C II & III C Shake with a small amount
II following statements can be B I & III D I ,III & IV of bromine water
formulate from table above? D Shake with a small amount
B
I Alkanes P, Q and R are 37 Which of the following material of hydrochloric acid
III liquids at room condition pairs of X& Y are isomers ?
C II Number of carbons atoms Material X Material Y 42 When liquid X is refluxed with
C
per molecule increase in the A methylpropanemethylbutane butanol and a few drops of
sequence of P, Q and R B 2-methyl- 2-methyl- concentrated sulphuric acid,
D
IV D III Relative molecular mass of butane butene a fragant liquid is produced.
Alkanes P, Q and R C 2,3-dimethyl- pentane Liquid X is most probably
increases by 14 units 33 In an alkene homologous series, butane A ethanol
A I only C I, II & III 27 Compound Y reatcs with alcohol IV Attraction force between the number of carbos increase D 2,2-dimethyl- 2-methyl- B ethanoic acid
B II & III D I, II, III & IV when it is refluxed together with molecules increase in the from top to bottom. Which of the propane butane C ethyl butanoate
concentreted sulphuric acid to sequence of P, Q and R following is true about the D butyl ethanoate
24 Which of the following form a fragrant product. Which A I & IV C I, II & IV characteristics of the members 38 Which of the following is the
statements are true for both of the following chemical B II & III D I,II,III & IV of the homologous series, from difference between 1-butene 43 Alkanes undergo subsititution
propene and propane? properties is true about top to bottom ? and 2-butene ? reactions because
I Produces carbon monoxide compound Y ? 30 A compound P has the I Melting point and boiling A Number of carbon atoms A it is a hydrocarbon.
gas if the conbustion is I Releases hydrogen gas following characteristics : point increases B Number of hydrogen atoms B it is a saturated hydrocarbon.
incomplete when reacting with - Reacts with sodium carbonate II Density increases C Arrangement of carbon C it is an unsaturated
II Decolourise the purple aluminium metal to release a gas that clouds III Heat of combustion atoms hydrocarbon.
coloured acidified potassium II Releases carbon dioxide gas lime water increases D Position of double bonds D all its atoms are covalently
manganate (VII) solution when reacting with sodium - Reacts with compound Q to IV Ease of undergoing the bonded.
III Reacts with chlorine gas in carbonate form a fragrant liquid addition reaction increases 39 Which of the following values
certain conditions III Releases alkene gas when Based on the infromation A I & II C I, II & III of m and n are correct? 44 The equation shows a
IV 1 mol of compound refluxed with concentrated above, which of the following B I & III D I, II, III & IV substitution reaction on methane.
C4H10 + nO2 → mCO2 +
produces 5 mol of water, if sulphuric acid are most likely to be compound
CH3Cl + Cl2 → X +
complete combustion occurs IV Produces ester when P and compound Q ? 34 Which of the following m n
A I & III C II & III refluxed with ethanoic acid & P Q statements is not true about A 2 5/2 What is the molecular formula
B I & IV D II & IV concentrated sulphuric acid Sulphuric Ethyl hydrocarbon? B 2 5 for X?
A
A I & II C I, II & III acid ehtanoate A Contains only the carbon and C 4 13/2 A CCl4 C CH2Cl2
25 When ethanol vapour is B III & IV D I, II & IV Ethanoic Ethyl hydrogen elements D 4 13 B CH3Cl D CHCl3
B
channelled through hot porous acid ehtanoate B Obtained fron the fractional
clay pieces, a certain gas is 28 Ethanoic distillation of petroleum 40 Concentrated phosphoric acid 45 Which of the following
C Ethanol
produced. Which of the following acid C Produces carbon dioxide and can act as a dehydrating agent. homologous series are
is not the characteristic of the water when burnt When liquid X is heated with unsaturated hydrocarbon ?
D Ethanol Ethanoic acid
gas produced ? D All exist as gas because of concentrated phosphoric acid, A Alkanes C Alcohol.
A Changes the litmus solution low boiling point a gas that decolourises bromine B Alkenes D Carboxylic acid
colour to red Figure above shows the 31 Which of the following water is produced. Which of the
B Decolourises bromine water structural formula of an compounds is/are produce in 35 What is the type of reaction that following formulae is most likely Answer
C Decolourises acidified organic compound call ? the fermentation process ? occurs when ethane mixes with X? 1 B D D B C B B D C
potassium manganate (VII) A methyl methanoate I Glucose III Carbon dioxide chlorine gas in the presence of A C6H2 2 D C B B C A B D B
solution B methyl ethanoate II Ethanol IV Ethanoic acid sunlight ? B CH3CH2CH2OH 3 A C C A C B C D B
D Produces carbon dioxide and C ethyl methanoate A II only C I, II & III A Substitution C Addition C CH3CH2COOH 4 B B D B A C D C C
water when burnt D dimethyl methanoate B II & III D I, II, III & IV B Polymerisation D Hydrolysis D CH3COOCH3 5 B A A C A C A B B
1 2  C2H5COOC2H5 3 a) Explain by naming an example each, the meaning of saturated
 Colourless hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
 Sweet smell

An organic compound A has characteristics as mentioned above.

It is manufactured by heating compound X and Y in the presence
of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst.
a) Based on the information mentioned,
(i) Name the process that manufacture compound A.

a) (i) Name the compound X.

b) Describe briefly two experiments to distinguish hexane and
(ii) State a process to prepare compound X in the laboratory. (ii) Construct an equation to represent how compound A is hexene.
produced. Experiment 1 :
1 2 cm3 of liquid hexane is added into a test tube.
2 3 drops of bromine water is added into liquid hexane.
b) (i) Name the process I. 3 The mixture in test tube is shaken.
(iii) Name compound A. 4 The changes in the mixture are observed and recorded.
5 Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using liquid hexene.

(ii) Draw the structural formula Experiment 2 :

of compound A. b) (i) Compound X has a pH value of less than 7. 1 2 cm3 of liquid hexane is added into a test tube.
Name the compound X. 2 3 drops of acidified potassium manganate(VII) is
added into liquid hexane.
c) (i) Write an equation for process II. 3 The mixture in test tube is shaken.
4 The changes in the mixture are observed and recorded.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction between compound X 5 Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using liquid hexene.
and calcium carbonate.
(ii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at room Accidified potassium
Substance Bromine water
temperature if 0.012g of magnesium reacts with excess manganate(VII)
compound A. Hexane Brown colour remains Purple colour
[Relative atomic mass of magnesium = 24; 1 mole of gas (iii) State one other chemical property of compound X. unchanged remains unchanged
occupied 24 dm 3 at room temperature] Hexene Brown colour is Purple colour is
decolourised decolourised

c) An organic compound with the molecular formula, C4H10O, can

be used to derive butanoic acid. Name the organic compound
c) (i) Name the homologous series which compound Y belong to. and homologous series it belongs to. Draw and name all its
isomers.

(ii) Explain how compound X can be produced from compound

d) (i) What is the function of aluminium oxide in process III? Y.

(ii) Predict what will be observed when two drops of bromine

water is added into compound C.
(iii) Construct an equation for C)(ii).
4 Diagram below shows the set-up for the reaction between ethanol 5 a) An organic compound C with molecular mass of 56, consists of (i)
and acidified potassium manganate(VIII). 85.7 % of carbon and 14.3 % of hydrogen. Determine the
molecular formula for compound X and draw its structural formula.
[Relative atomic mass : H, 1; C, 12; O, 16]

- Glass cotton is immersed in ethanol, then it is placed

in the boiling tube
a) Label the flow of water in Diagram above. - Porcelain chips is placed in the boiling tube as shown
in the diagram
b) Predict two observations in the experiment. - The porcelain chips act as a dehydration agent to
absorb water from ethanol
- The porcelain chips are heated strongly then the
glass cotton with ethanol is warmed
- The gas produced is collected using water
displacement method
Equation :
b) Explain what homologous series are. C 2 H 5 OH → C 2 H 4 + H 2 O
c) Give one function of potassium manganate(VIII). ethanol ethene

(ii)

d) Construct an equation for this experiment.

e) Predict the observation that would occur when a piece of

sodium is added into the product obtained at the end of
experiment.
c) Organic compounds of one homologous series can be derived
from another homologous series. For example,

dehydration
(i) Alcohols Alkenes - Ethanol is added into a round bottom flask
- Acidified potassium manganate(VII) is then added
oxidation as catalyst
f) Complete the following table if the experiment is repeated by (ii) Alcohols Carboxylic acids - The mixture of ethanol and acidified potassium
using propanol and butanol. dichromate (VI) is boiled under reflux
For each of the reaction above, name an example and describe - The orange colour of acidified potassium
Alcohol Name of product Molecular formula an laboratory experiment. Your explaintin must include the dichromate(IV) turned green
following : - A sour smell, colourless liquid is produced
Propanol
- Name of reactants, Equation :
- Name of products, C 2 H 5 OH + 2[O] → CH 3 COOH + H 2 O
Butanol
- Observation and equation.