DAY TWENTY SEVEN

Parabola
Learning & Revision for the Day

u Conic Section u Equation of Normal u Conormal Points

u Concept of Parabola u Equation of a Pair of Tangents u Diameter
u Line and a Parabola u Equations of Chord of Contact
u Equation of Tangent u Director Circle

Conic Section
A conic is the locus of a point whose distance from a fixed point bears a constant ratio to its
distance from a fixed line. The fixed point is the focus S and the fixed line is the directrix, l.
The constant ratio is the eccentricity denoted by e.
l
If 0 < e < 1, then conic is an ellipse.
l
If e = 1, then conic is a parabola.
l
If e > 1, then conic is a hyperbola.

General Equation of Conic Section

A second degree equation ax2 + 2 hxy + by2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 represents
Case I When the focus lies on the directrix
a h g
(i) Pair of straight lines, if ∆ = h b f = 0
g f c
(ii) If e > 1, then the lines will be real and distinct intersecting at fixed point.
(iii) If e = 1, then the lines will coincident passing through a fixed point.
(iv) If e < 1, then the lines will be imaginary.
Case II When the focus does not lie on the directrix
(i) Circle : a = b , h = 0, e = 0 and ∆ ≠ 0
(ii) Parabola : h2 = ab , ∆ ≠ 0, e = 1
(iii) Ellipse : h2 < ab , ∆ ≠ 0, 0 < e < 1
(iv) Hyperbola : h2 > ab , 0 ∆ ≠ 0, e > 1
(v) Rectangular hyperbola : a + b = 0, ∆ ≠ 0, e > 1, h2 > ab
 If S lies on L, parabola reduces to a straight line through S and
Concept of Parabola perpendicular to L.
Parabola is the locus of a point which moves in a plane such
that its distance from a fixed point (focus, S ) is equal to its
distance from a fixed straight line (directrix, L).
Definitions Related to Parabola
Let S ≡ ( x1 , y1 ) and L ≡ ax + by + c = 0. 1. Vertex The intersection point of parabola and axis.
Then, equation of parabola is 2. Centre The point which bisects every chord of the conic
passing through it.
(a2 + b 2 ) [( x − x1 )2 + ( y − y1 )2 ] = (ax + by + c)2 .
3. Focal chord Any chord passing through the focus.
ax+by + c = 0

Y 4. Double ordinate A chord perpendicular to the axis of a

conic.
M P (x, y)
5. Latusrectum A double ordinate passing through the
S focus of the parabola.
X¢ X
O (x1, y1) 6. Focal distance The distance of a point P( x, y) from the
focus S is called the focal distance of the point P.
Y¢

Some related terms of parabolas (in standard form)

S. No. Related Terms y 2 = 4 ax y 2 = − 4 ax x 2 = 4 ay x 2 = − 4 ay

Z
S
A
Z A S S A Z A
Z S

1. Vertex A(0, 0) A(0, 0) A(0, 0) A(0, 0)

2. Focus S (a, 0) S (− a, 0) S (0, a) S (0, − a)
3. Equation of axis y=0 y=0 x=0 x=0
4. Equation of directrix x + a= 0 x − a= 0 y + a= 0 y − a= 0
5. Eccentricity e =1 e =1 e =1 e =1
6. Extremities of latusrectum (a, ± 2a) (− a, ± 2a) (± 2a, a) (± 2a, − a)
7. Length of latusrectum 4a 4a 4a 4a
8. Equation of tangent at vertex x=0 x=0 y=0 y=0
 x = at  x = − at  x = 2at  x = 2at
2 2

9. Parametric equation    
 y = 2at  y = 2at  y = at  y = − at
2 2

Focal distance of any point P (h, k ) on

10. h+ a h−a k+ a k−a
the parabola

11. Equation of latusrectum x=a x + a= 0 y=a y + a= 0

Results on Parabola y 2 = 4 ax (iii) For the ends of latusrectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax, the
values of the parameter are ± 1.
(i) Length of latusrectum = 2 (Harmonic mean of focal
segment)
(ii) If y1 , y2 and y3 are the ordinates of the vertices of triangle Position of a Point
inscribed in the parabola y2 = 4ax, A point (h, k ) with respect to the parabola S lies inside, on or
1 outside the parabola, if S1 < 0, S1 = 0 or S1 > 0.
then its area = ( y1 − y2 ) ( y2 − y3 ) ( y3 − y1 )
8a
 (vii) The orthocentre of any triangle formed by three tangents
Line and a Parabola to a parabola lies on the directrix.
(i) The line y = mx + c meets the parabola y2 = 4ax in two (viii) The length of the subtangent at any point on a parabola is
a
points real, coincident or imaginary according to c > , equal to twice the abscissae of the point.
m (ix) Two tangents can be drawn from a point to a parabola.
a a
c= or c < respectively. Two tangents are real and distinct or coincident or
m m imaginary according as given point lies outside, on or
inside the parabola.
(ii) Length of the chord intercepted by the parabola on the
4 a(1 + m2 ) (a − mc)
line y = mx + c is =
m2 Equation of Normal
A line which is perpendicular to the tangent of the parabola is
(iii) Length of the focal chord making an angle α with the
called the normal to the parabola.
X -axis is 4a cosec2α.
(iv) If t 1 and t 2 are the end points of a focal chord of the Equation of normal to parabola in different cases are given
below;
parabola y2 = 4ax, then t 1t 2 = − 1 y
l
In point ( x1 , y1 ) form, ( y − y1 ) = − 1 ( x − x1 ).
2a
Equation of Tangent l
In slope m form, y = mx − 2 am − am3 .
l
In parametric t form, y + tx = 2 at + at 3 .
A line which intersects the parabola at only one point is called
the tangent to the parabola. NOTE Point of intersection of normals of t1 and t 2 are
Equation of tangent to parabola in different cases are given [ a (t12 + t 22 + t1t 2 + 2), − at1t 2 (t1 + t 2 )].
below;
l
In point ( x1 , y1 ) form, yy1 = 2 a ( x + x1 ) Results on Normal
a (i) If the normals at two points P and Q of a parabola
l
In slope (m) form, y = mx +
m y2 = 4ax intersects at a third point R on the curve, then
l
In parametric (t ) form, ty = x + at 2 the product of the ordinates of P and Q is 8 a2 .
a (ii) Normal at the ends of latusrectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax
l
The line y = mx + c touches a parabola iff c = and the meet at right angles on the axis of the parabola.
m
 a 2 a (iii) Tangents and normals at the extremities of the
coordinates of the point of contact are  2 ,  . latusrectum of a parabola y2 = 4ax constitute a square,
 m m
their points of intersection being (−a, 0)and ( 3 a, 0).
(iv) The normal at any point of a parabola is equally inclined
Results on Tangent to the focal distance of the point and the axis of the
(i) Points of intersection of tangents at two points P(at 12 , 2 at 1 ), parabola.
Q (at 22 , 2 at 2 ) on the parabola y2 = 4ax is R{at 1t 2 , a(t 1 + t 2 )} (v) The normal drawn at a point P(at 12 , 2 at 1 ) to the parabola
y2 = 4ax meets again the parabola at Q (at 22 , 2 at 2 ), then
(where, R is GM of x-coordinates of P, Q and AM of
2
y-coordinates of P, Q). t2 = − t1 − .
t1
(ii) Angle θ between tangents at two points Y )
P(at 12 , 2 at 1 ), Q(at 22 , 2 at 2 ) on the parabola y2 = 4ax is given 2, 2at 1
t1
P (a
t − t1
by tan θ = 2 .
1 + t1 t2
R
X¢ X
(iii) Locus of the point of intersection of perpendicular A
tangents to the parabola is its directrix.
B
(iv) If the tangents at the points P and Q on a parabola meet T, Q (a
t2 2, 2
then ST is the GM between SP and SQ at2 )
i.e. ST 2 = SP ⋅ SQ Y¢
(vi) The normal chord of a parabola at a point whose ordinate
(v) If the tangent and normal at any point P of the parabola
is equal to the abscissae, subtends a right angle at the
intersect the axis at T and G, then ST = SG = SP, where S is
focus.
the focus.
(vii) Three normals can be drawn from a point to a parabola.
(vi) Any tangent to a parabola and the perpendicular on it
from the focus meet on the tangent at the vertex.
Equation of a Pair of Tangents Conormal Points
The equation of pair of tangents drawn from an external The points on the parabola at which the normals pass through a
point P( x1 , y1 ) to the parabola is SS1 = T 2 . common point are called conormal points. The conormal points are
where, S = y2 − 4ax, S1 = y12 − 4ax1 and called the feet of the normals.
T = yy1 − 2 a ( x + x1 ) Y
A y2 = 4ax
Equations of Chord of Contact P
O
1. The equation of chord of contact is X¢ X
yy1 − 2 a ( x + x1 ) = 0
C
2. The equation of chord of parabola, whose mid-point B
( x1 , y1 ) is T = S1 , i.e. yy1 − 2 a( x + x1 ) = y12 − 4ax1
Y¢
3. Length of the chord of contact is
Points A, B and C are called conormal points with respect to point P.
( y12 − 4 ax1 )( y12 + 4a2 )
l= . 1. The algebraic sum of the slopes of the normals at conormals
a
point is 0.
4. Area of the ∆PAB formed by the pair of tangents and
2. The sum of the ordinates of the conormal points is 0.
their chord of contact is
3. The centroid of the triangle formed by the conormal points on a
( y2 − 4ax1 )3 /2
A= 1 . parabola lies on its axis.
2a

NOTE • Equation of the chord joining points Diameter

P ( at12 , 2at1 ), Q ( at 22 , 2at 2 ) is (t1 + t 2 ) y = 2x + 2 at1 t 2 .
Diameter is the locus of mid-points of a system of parallel chords of
• For PQ to be focal chord, t1 t 2 = − 1. parabola.
• Length of the focal chord having t1 , t 2 as end points is 1. The tangent at the extremities of a focal chord intersect at right
a(t 2 − t1 ) 2 . angles on the directrix and hence a circle on any focal chord as
diameter touches the directrix.
Director Circle 2. A circle on any focal radii of a point P(at 2 , 2 at ) as diameter
The locus of the point of intersection of perpendicular touches the tangent at the vertex and intercepts a chord of
tangents to a conic is known as director circle. The length a 1 + t 2 on a normal at the point P.
director circle of a parabola is its directrix. 3. The diameter bisecting chords of slope m to the parabola y2 = 4 ax
2a
is y = .
m
DAY TWENTY SEVEN PARABOLA 293

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 Equation of the parabola whose vertex is ( −1, − 2) , axis is 11 Angle between the tangents drawn from the point (1, 4)
vertical and which passes through the point (3, 6) is to the parabola y 2 = 4x is
(a) x + 4 x + 28 y − 136 = 0
2
(a) π / 6 (b) π / 4
(b) x 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 3 = 0 (c) π / 3 (d) π /2
(c) y 2 + 4 y − 16x − 12 = 0
12 If the lines y − b = m1 ( x + a ) and y − b = m2 ( x + a ) are
(d) None of the above
the tangents of the parabola y 2 = 4ax , then
2 A focal chord of the parabola y = 8x in inclined to X -axis
2
(a) m1 + m2 = 0 (b) m1m2 = 1
at an angle tan−1 3. Then its length is equal to (c) m1m2 = − 1 (d) m1 + m2 = 1
(a) 80/3 (b) 80/9 (c) 40/3 (d) 40/9
13 Set of values of h for which the number of distinct
3 Latus rectum of the parabola whose axis is parallel to the common normals of ( x − 2)2 = 4 ( y − 3) and
Y -axis and which passes through the points (0, 4), (1, 9), x 2 + y 2 − 2x − hy − c = 0 where, (c > 0) is 3, is
and ( −2, 6) is equal to (a) (2, ∞) (b) (4, ∞ ) (c) (2, 4) (d) (10, ∞)
(a) 1 / 2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None of these
14 Tangent and normal are drawn at P(16,16) on the
4 If the line x − 1 = 0 is the directrix of the parabola parabola y 2 = 16x , which intersect the axis of the
y 2 − kx + 8 = 0, then one of the value of k is parabola at A and B respectively. If C is the centre of
(a) 1 / 8 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 1 / 4 the circle through the points P, A and B and ∠CPB = θ,
5 The locus of trisection point of any double ordinate of the then a value of tan θ is JEE Mains 2018
1 4
parabola y 2 = 4 a x is (a) (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)
2 3
(a) y = 9ax
2
(b) y = ax
2

(c) 9y 2 = 4 ax (d) None of these 15 P is a point on the parabola y 2 = 4x and Q is a point

on the line 2x + y + 4 = 0. If the line x − y + 1 = 0 is
6 Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola the perpendicular bisector of PQ, then the coordinates
x 2 = 8y . If the point P divides the line segment OQ of P is
internally in the ratio1: 3, then the locus of P is (a) (8, 9), (10, 11) (b) (1, − 2), (9, − 6)
JEE Mains 2015 (c) (7, 8), (9, 8) (d) None of these
(a) x 2 = y (b) y 2 = x
(c) y 2 = 2 x (d) x 2 = 2 y 16 The locus of the vertices of the family of parabolas
a3x 2 a2x
7 At any points P on the parabola y 2 − 2y − 4x + 5 = 0, a y = + − 2a is
3 2
tangent is drawn which meets the directrix at Q the locus of
1 (a) xy = 105 / 64 (b) xy = 3 / 4
the points R which divides QP externally in the ratio : 1, is (c) xy = 35 / 16 (d) xy = 64 / 105
2
(a) (x + 1) (1 − y)2 + 4 = 0 (b) x + 1 = 0 17 The parabola y 2 = λx
(c) (1 − y)2 − 4 = 0 (d) None of these and 25 [( x − 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 ] = ( 3x − 4y − 2)2
8 The line x − b + λ y = 0 cuts the parabola y = 4ax at2 are equal, if λ is equal to
P (at1 , 2at1 ) and Q (at 22 , 2at 2 ). If b ∈[ 2a, 4a ] and λ ∈R, then
2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
t1 t 2 belongs to 18 A line is drawn from A ( −2, 0) to intersect the curve
(a) [−4, −2] (b) [4, −3] y 2 = 4x in P and Q in the first quadrant such the
(c) [−3, − 2] (d) None of these 1 1 1
+ < , then slope of the line is always
9 The centre of the circle passing through the point ( 0, 1) and AP AQ 4
touching the curve y = x 2 at ( 2, 4) is (a) < 3 (b) > 3
−16 27  −16 53  (c) ≥
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  3 (d) None of these
 5 10   7 10 
19 Vertex A of a parabola y 2 = 4ax is joined to any point P
−16 53 
(c)  ,  (d) None of these on it and line PQ is drawn at right angle to AP to meet
 5 10 
the axis at Q. Then, the projection of PQ on the axis is
10 Equation of common tangents to parabolas y = x 2 and always equal to
y = − x 2 + 4x − 4 is/are (a) 3 a (b) 2a
(a) y = 4 (x − 1) ; y = 0 (b) y = 0 , y = − 4 (x − 1) (c) 3a (d) 4a
(c) y = 0, y = − 10 (x + 5) (d) None of these
20. The slope of the line touching both the parabolas y 2 = 4x Directions (Q. Nos. 31-35) Each of these questions
and x 2 = −32y is JEE Mains 2014 contains two statements : Statement I (Assertion) and
1 3 1 2 Statement II (Reason). Each of these questions also has
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 8 3 four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct
answer. You have to select one of the codes (a ), (b), (c) and (d )
21 If the normals at the end points of variable chord PQ of given below.
the parabola y 2 − 4y − 2x = 0 are perpendicular, then
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is a
the tangents at P and Q will intersect on the line
correct explanation for Statement I
(a) x + y = 3 (b) 3 x − 7 = 0 (c) y + 3 = 0 (d) 2 x + 5 = 0
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II is
22 Find the length of the normal drawn from the point on the not a correct explanation for Statement I
axis of the parabola y 2 = 8x whose distance from the (c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false
focus is 8. (d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) None of these
31 Statement I The perpendicular bisector of the line
23 If x + y = k is a normal to the parabola y 2 = 12x , p is the segment joining the points ( −a, 2at ) and (a, 0) is tangent
length of the perpendicular from the focus of the to the parabola y 2 = −4ax , where t ∈ R .
parabola on this normal, then 3k 3 + 2p 2 is equal to Statement II Number of parabolas with a given point
(a) 2223 (b) 2224 as vertex and length of latusrectum equal to 4 is 2.
(c) 2222 (d) None of these
32 Consider the equation of the parabola is y 2 = 4ax .
24 If a ≠ 0 and the line 2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0 passes through Statement I Length of focal chord of a parabola
the points of intersection of the parabolas y 2 = 4ax and having focus (2, 0) making an angle of 60° with X-axis
x 2 = 4ay , then is 32.
(a) d 2 + (2b + 3c)2 = 0 (b) d 2 + (3b + 2c)2 = 0 Statement II Length of focal chord of a parabola
(c) d 2 + (2b − 3c)2 = 0 (d) d 2 + (3b − 2c)2 = 0 y 2 = 4ax making an angle α with X-axis is 4a cosec 2 α.
25 Slopes of the normals to the parabola y 2 = 4ax 33 Consider the equation of the parabola is y 2 = 4ax .
intersecting at a point on the axis of the parabola at a Statement I Area of triangle formed by pair of tangents
distance 4a from its vertex are in drawn from a point (12, 8) to the parabola having focus
(a) HP (b) GP (1,0) and their corresponding chord of contact is
(c) AP (d) None of these 32 sq units.
26 The area of the triangle formed by the tangent and the Statement II If from a point P ( x 1, y 1) tangents are
normal to the parabola y 2 = 4ax , both drawn at the same drawn to a parabola, then area of triangle formed by
end of the latusrectum and the axis of the parabola is these tangents and their corresponding chord of
(a) 2 2 a 2 (b) 2 a 2 ( y 2 − 4ax 1 )3/ 2
(c) 4 a 2 (d) None of these contact is 1 sq units.
4 a
27 If the tangent at the point P( 2, 4) to the parabola y 2 = 8x
34 Statement I The latusrectum of a parabola is 4 units,
meets the parabola y 2 = 8x + 5 at Q and R, then
axis is the line 3x + 4y − 4 = 0 and the tangent at the
mid-point of QR is
vertex is the line 4x − 3y + 7 = 0 , then the equation of
(a) (2, 4) (b) (4, 2) directrix of the parabola is 4x − 3y + 8 = 0 .
(c) (7, 9) (d) None of these
Statement II If P is any point on the parabola and PM
28 The equation of the common tangent touching the circle and PN are perpendiculars from P on the axis and
( x − 3)2 + y 2 = 9 and the parabola y 2 = 4x above the tangent at the vertex respectively, then
X -axis is (PM ) 2 = (latusrectum) (PN ).
(a) 3 y = 3 x + 1 (b) 3 y = − (x + 3)
35 A circle, 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 5 and a parabola, y 2 = 4 5x .
(c) 3 y = x + 3 (d) 3 y = − (3 x + 1)
Statement I An equation of a common tangent to
29 If tangents drawn from point P to the parabola y 2 = 4x these curves is y = x + 5.
are inclined to X -axis at angles θ1 and θ 2 such that
cot θ1 + cot θ 2 = 2, then locus of the point P is 5
Statement II If the line, y = mx + where, m ≠ 0 is
(a) y = 2 (b) y = 8 (c) y = 1 (d) None of these m
the common tangent, then m satisfies m 4 − 3m 2 + 2 = 0.
30 Tangents to the parabola y = 4x are drawn from the
2
JEE Mains 2013
point (1, 3). The length of chord of contact is
(a) 5 (b) 13 (c) 65 (d) None of these
DAY TWENTY SEVEN PARABOLA 295

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 A ray of light moving parallel to the X -axis gets reflected 9 The triangle formed by the tangent to the parabola
from a parabolic mirror whose equation is y = x 2 at the point whose abscissa is x 0 , 1 ≤ x 0 ≤ 2, the
( y − 2)2 = 4 ( x + 1). After reflection, the ray must pass Y -axis and the straight line y = x 02 has the greatest area if
through the point x0 =
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 0) (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) (0, −2) (d) (−1, 2) (c) 3/2 (d) None of these
2 Mutually perpendicular tangentsTA and TB are drawn to 10 The equation of the curve obtained by reflecting the
the parabola y 2 = 8x . The minimum length of AB is parabola y 2 = 4x about the line x − y + 13 = 0 is
(a) 16 (b) 4 (a) (2 y − x − 13)2 = 4 (y + 13)
(c) 8 (d) None of these (b) (2 y + x − 13)2 = 4 (y − 13)
(c) (2 y − x − 13)2 = 4 (y − 13)
3 If a line x + y = 1 cuts the parabola y 2 = 4x at points A
(d) None of the above
and B and normals at A and B meet on C. The normals to
the parabola from C, other than above two, meet the 11 Let P be the point on the parabola, y 2 = 8x which is at a
parabola in D, the coordinates of D are minimum distance from the centre C of the circle,
(a) (2, 1) (b) (−4, 4) x 2 + ( y + 6)2 = 1, Then the equation of the circle, passing
(c) (4, 4) (d) None of these through C and having its centre at P is JEE Mains 2016
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0
4 A chord PP′ of a parabola cuts the axis of the parabola at
(b) x 2 + y 2 − x + 4 y − 12 = 0
A. The feet of the perpendiculars from P and P′ on the x
axis are M and M′ respectively. If V is the vertex, then (c) x 2 + y 2 − + 2 y − 24 = 0
4
VM , VA, VM ′ are in (d) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 9y + 18 = 0
(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None of these 12 The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which
touches the curve y = 4 − x 2 and the line y = | x | is
5 The set of points on the axis of the parabola y 2 = 4x + 8 JEE Mains 2017
from which the 3 normals to the parabola are all real and (a) 4 ( 2 − 1) (b) 4 ( 2 + 1)
different, is (c) 2 ( 2 + 1) (d) 2 ( 2 − 1)
(a) {(k, 0)| k ≤ − 2 } (b) {(k, 0)| k > − 2 }
13 If y1, y 2 are the ordinates of two points P and Q on the
(c) {(k, 0) | k > 0} (d) None of these
parabola and y 3 is the ordinate of the point of
6 Normals drawn to y 2 = 4ax at the points where it is intersection of tangents at P and Q, then
intersected by the line y = mx + c, intersect at the point (a) y1, y 2 , y 3 are in AP
P. Foot of another normal drawn to the parabola from the (b) y1, y 3 , y 2 are in AP
point P may be (c) y1, y 2 , y 3 are in GP
(a) (a / m 2 , − 2a / m) (d) y1, y 3 , y 2 are in GP
(b) (9a / m 2 , − 6a / m)
14 The number of points with integral coordinates that lie in
(c) (4a / m 2 , − 4a / m)
the interior of the region common to the circle
(d) None of the above
x 2 + y 2 = 16 and the parabola y 2 = 4x is
7 Sides of an equilateral triangle ABC touch the parabola (a) 8 (b) 10
y 2 = 4ax , then points A, B, C lie on (c) 16 (d) None of these
(a) y 2 = 3 (x + a)2 + 4ax
15 The tangent and normal at the point P = (16, 16) to the
(b) y 2 = (x + a)2 + ax
parabola y 2 = 16x intersect the X -axis at the points Q
(c) y 2 = 3 (x + a)2 + ax
(d) None of the above and R respectively. The equation to the circum circle of
∆PQR is
8 Minimum distance between the curves y 2 = 4x and (a) x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 384 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 12x + 31 = 0 is (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 8 y − 352 = 0
(a) 21 (b) 5 (c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 y − 544 = 0
(c) 2 7 − 5 (d) None of these (d) None of the above
296 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN MATHEMATICS DAY TWENTY SEVEN

ANSWERS
SESSION 1 1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (a)
11 (c) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16 (a) 17 (d) 18 (b) 19 (d) 20 (a)
21 (d) 22 (b) 23 (a) 24 (a) 25 (c) 26 (c) 27 (a) 28 (c) 29 (a) 30 (c)
31 (c) 32 (d) 33 (c) 34 (d) 35 (b)

SESSION 2 1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (b) 10 (d)
11 (a) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (d) 15 (a)

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 ∴  3β 
2

α = a   ⇒ 9β2 = 4 aα
If R( x, y ) divides QP externally in the
1 Axis is vertical i.e. parallel to Y-axis so  2a  ratio 1 : 2.
2 2
its equation should be Hence, the locus of P is 9 y 2 = 4 ax . ∴ x = − (1 + t 2 ) and y = 1 − ⇒ t =
( x + 1)2 = 4a ( y + 2) t 1− y
It passes through (3, 6) so 4a = 2. 6 Any point on the parabola x2 = 8 y is ( 4
∴ x+ 1+ =0
Hence the equation of the required 4t ,2t 2 ). Point P divides the line segment (1 − y ) 2
parabola is x2 + 2 x − 2 y − 3 = 0, joining of O (0, 0) and Q (4t ,2t 2 ) in the
ratio 1: 3. Apply the section formula for ⇒ ( x + 1) (1 − y ) 2 + 4 = 0
2 Length of focal chord = 4a cosec2α. internal division. 8 Line x − b + λ y = 0 always passes
Here a = 2, α = tan −1 3 i.e. tanα = 3. Equation of parabola is x2 = 8 y through (b, 0).
∴Length of focal chord Let any point Q on the parabola (i) is Y
= 4 × 2 × (1 + 1 / 9) = 80 / 9. 2
(4t , 2t 2 ). P (at1 , 2at1)
3 Let vertex be (b, c ). Then equation of Let P (h, k ) be the point which divides
parabola is ( x − b )2 = 4a ( y − c ). It the line segment joining (0,0) and
(4t ,2t 2 ) in the ratio 1:3. X¢ X
passes through the points (0, 4), O R (b, 0)
(1, 9) and (−2, 6). Y
Q(
∴ b 2 = 4a (4 − c ) at 2
)k

2 , 2a
h,

(1 − b 2 ) = 4a (9 − c ) t2 )
1: P (

Q (4t,2 t 2 )
3 Y¢
and (−2 − b )2 = 4a(6 − c ).
Solving these equations, latus rectum X¢ X Slope of PR = Slope of RQ
4a = 1 / 2. (0, 0) O b
⇒ t1 t2 = −
a
4 y 2 − kx + 8 = 0 ⇒ y 2 = k ( x − 8 / k ). ∴ Minimum value of t 1 t 2 = −4
∴ Directrix is x − 8 / k = − k / 4 Y¢
and maximum value of t 1 t 2 = −2
or x = 8 / k − k / 4 = 1 1 × 4t + 3 × 0
∴ h= ⇒h = t 9 The slope of the tangent to y = x2 at
⇒ k 2 + 4k − 32 = 0 ⇒ k = − 8 or 4. 4 (2, 4) is 4 and the equation of the
∴ One value of k is 4. 1 × 2t 2 + 3 × 0 t2 tangent is 4 x − y − 4 = 0
and k = ⇒k = Equation of the circle is
5 Let P (α, β ) be the trisection point. 4 2
2(2at ) + 1(–2at ) ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 4) 2 + λ (4 x − y − 4) = 0 …(i)
1 2
∴ α = at 2 , β = ⇒ k = h [Qt = h]
3 2 Since, it passes through (0, 1).
13
Y (at 2, 2at) ⇒ 2k = h ⇒ 2 y = x , which is
2 2 Hence, λ =
A 5
required locus.
On putting the value of λ in Eq. (i), we get
P (α, β)
7 Given, ( y − 1) 2 = 4( x − 1). P has 5( x − 2)2 + 5( y − 4)2 + 13(4 x − y − 4) = 0
X¢ X coordinates x = 1 + t 2 , y = 1 + 2 t . ⇒ 5( x2 + 4 − 4 x ) + 5( y 2 + 16 − 8 y )
Tangent at P is +52 x − 13 y − 52 = 0
( x − 1) − ( y − 1) t + t 2 = 0. ⇒ 5x2 + 5y 2 + 32 x − 53 y + 48 = 0
B 32 53 48
Y¢ (at 2, –2at) So, the directrix is x = 0. ⇒ x2 + y 2 + x− y+
5 5 5
2 3β
Q =  0, t + 1 − 
⇒ β = at ⇒ t = 1
∴ −16 53 
3 2a  t  So, the centre of the circle is  , .
 5 10 
 10 Tangent to parabola is y = mx − am2 . Slope of PC =
4 ⇒ r 2 sin2 θ − 4(−2 + r cos θ) = 0
3 4cos θ
∴Tangents to two given parabolas are ⇒ r1 + r2 = ⇒ r1 r2 =
8
Slope of PB = − 2
y = mx − (m2 / 4) and sin2 θ sin2 θ
4
y = m( x − 2) + (m2 / 4) +2 r1 + r2 1 1
3 ∴ = +
These are identical ⇒ m = 0 or 4. Hence, tanθ = =2 r1 r2 AP AQ
4
∴Common tangents are y = 0 and 1− ×2 1
3 ⇒ cos θ < ⇒ tanθ > 3
y = 4 x − 4. 2
15 Any point on the parabola is P = ( t 2 , 2 t ).
11 y = mx + 1 / m passes through (1, 4).
Q is its image of the line x − y + 1 = 0.  because cos θ is decreasing and tan θ 
⇒ m2 − 4m + 1 = 0.  
π
m1 − m2 x−t y − 2t is increasing in  0, 
2
∴ tanθ = ∴ = = − ( t 2 − 2 t + 1)  
  2 
1 + m1 m2 1 −1
⇒ Q = ( 2t − 1, t 2 + 1) ⇒ m> 3
(m1 + m2 )2 − 4m1 m2
=
1 + m1 m2 Since, it lies on the line 19 Let P ≡ (at ,2at )
2

16 − 4 2 3 2x + y + 4 = 0 Equation of the line PQ is

= = = 3 ∴ 4t − 2 + t 2 + 1 + 4 = 0 t
1+ 1 2 y − 2at = − ( x − at 2 ).
⇒ t 2 + 4t + 3 = 0 ⇒ t = − 1, − 3 2
⇒ θ = π / 3.
So, the possible positions of P are (1, − 2) Y
y2 = 4ax
12 Both lines pass through (−a, b ) which is and (9, − 6). P
a point on the directrix x = − a. 2
16 y = 1 a3 x2 + a x − 2a
Therefore, tangents drawn from (−a, b ) 3 2
are perpendicular, so m1 m2 = − 1. 2 X¢ X

⇒ x +
3 3  35  A N Q
 = 3 y + a
13 The equation of any normal of  4a  a  16 
( x − 2)2 = 4( y − 3) is
Vertex P (h, k ) =  −
3 35 
( x − 2) = m ( y − 3) − 2m − m3 . ,− a
 4a 16  Y¢
If it passes through  1,  , then
h 3 16k On putting y = 0, we get x = 4a + at 2
⇒ a= − ,a= −
 2 4h 35 So, the coordinates of Q and N are
⇒ Locus of vertex P is xy = 105 / 64. (4 a + at 2 , 0) and (at 2 , 0), respectively.
1 − 2 = m  − 3 − 2m − m3
h
So, length of projection
2  17 Let us recall that two parabolas are
equal, if the length of their latusrectum = 4 a + at 2 − at 2 = 4 a
⇒ 2m + m (10 − h ) − 2 = 0 = f (m )
3
are equal. 20 Let the tangent to parabola be
[say] Length of the latusrectum of y = mx + a / m, if it touches the other
This equation will given three distinct y 2 = λx is λ. curve, then D = 0, to get the value of m.
values of m. The equation of the second parabola is For parabola, y 2 = 4 x
25 {( x − 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 } = (3 x − 4 y − 2)2
1
If f ′ (m ) = 0 has two distinct roots, |3 x − 4 y − 2| Let y = mx + be tangent line and it
⇒ ( x − 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 = m
where 32 + 42
f (m ) = 2m3 + m (10 − h ) − 2 touches the parabola x2 = −32 y .
Clearly, it represents a parabola having
Now, f ′ (m ) = 6 m2 + (10 − h ) x2 = −32 mx + 
focus at (3, − 2) and equation of the 1
∴
h − 10 directrix as 3 x − 4 y − 2 = 0.  m
Put f ′(m ) = 0 ⇒ m = ±
6 ∴ Length of the latusrectum 32
⇒ x2 + 32mx + =0
So, the values of m are real and distinct, = 2 (Distance between focus m
if h > 10 i.e. h ∈ (10, ∞ ). and directrix)
Q D =0
3 × 3 − 4 × (−2) − 2
=2 =6
(32m )2 − 4   = 0 ⇒ m3 =
14 Equation of tangent at P(16, 16) is ∴
32 1
32 + (−4)2  m 8
x − 2 y + 16 = 0
Thus, the two parabolas are equal, if λ = 6.
1
Y ∴ m=
18 Let P (−2 + r cos θ, r sin θ) and P lies on 2
)
, 16 parabola.
16 21 The tangents and normals form a
P( Y
rectangle.
t
en

q Hence, tangents meet on the directrix.

ng

Normal Q Now, ( y − 2) 2 = 2( x + 2)
Ta

X¢ X P
x – 2y + 16=0 C (4,0) B (24,0) 5
(–2, 0) q Vertex = (−2, 2) and directrix, x = −
A(–16, 0) 2x + y – 48=0 X¢ X 2
A O
⇒ 2x + 5 = 0
22 Here, a = 2 normal at t is
Y¢ xt + y = 2 t 3 + 4 t. Focus = (2, 0).
Y¢
 So, the point on the axis is (10, 0). ⇒ y 1 = 4 and 8 = −4 x1 + y 12 Hence, length of chord of contact
Normal passes through (10, 0). ⇒ y 1 = 4 and x1 = 2 = 45 + 20 = 65
∴ 10 = 2 t 2 + 4 ⇒ t 2 = 3 Hence, required mid-point is (2, 4).
28 As common tangent is above X -axis, its 31 Image of (a, 0) with respect to tangent
So, the normal is at the point (6, 4 3 ).
slope is positive. yt = x + at 2 is (−a, 2at ).
So, the required length is
So, perpendicular bisector of (a, 0) and
(10 − 6) 2 + (4 3 ) 2 = 16 + 48 = 8 (−a, 2at ) is the tangent line yt = x + at 2
to the parabola.
23 The equation of normal to the parabola
O (3, 0) Hence, Statement I is true.
y 2 = 12 x with slope − 1 is
y = − x − 2(3) (−1) − 3 (−1)3 Statement II Infinitely many parabolas
⇒ y=− x+ 9 ⇒ x+ y=9 are possible.
∴ k=9 y = mx + 1 / m is a tangent to the Hence, Statement II is false.
Since, the focus of the parabola is (3, 0). parabola.
3− 9 It touches the circle ( x − 3)2 + y 2 = 9 if 32 Let AB be a focal chord slope of
∴ p= 2t
2 3m − 0 + 1 / m AB = = tanα
=3 t2 − 1
⇒ 2 p2 = 36 1 + m2 Y
∴ 3 k 3 + 2 p2 = 3(9)3 + 36
⇒ (3m + 1 / m )2 = 9(1 + m2 )
= 2223
⇒ 6 + 1 / m2 = 9 i.e. m2 = 1 / 3. 2
A (at1 , 2at1)
24 Solving y 2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay (a ≠ 0), As m > 0, m = 1 / 3.
points of intersection are (0, 0) and ∴ Equation of common tangent above
(4a, 4a). X -axis is (a, 0) a
1 X¢ X
Both points lie on the line O S
y = x+ 3
2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0 3
⇒ d =0 ⇒ 3 y = x + 3. B
and 2b + 3c = 0 (Q a ≠ 0) a ,– 2a
∴ d 2 + (2b + 3c )2 = 0 29 Let P ( x1 , y 1 ). Equation of any tangent t2 t2
making angle θ with X -axis
25 .The normal y = mx − 2am − am3 (slope = tanθ) is
Y¢
passes through (4a, 0). 1 α 1
y = x tan θ + (Q y = mx + a / m ) ⇒ tan =
∴ m3 − 2m = 0 ⇒ m = 0, ± 2 tan θ 2 t
α
∴ Slopes of normals are − 2, 0, 2 It passes through P ( x1 , y 1 ) ⇒ t = cot
1 2
which are in AP. ∴ x1 tan θ + = y1 2
tan θ Length of AB = a  t + 
1
26 The coordinate of end of the
 t
latusrectum is (a, 2a). The equation of ⇒ x1 tan2 θ − y 1 tan θ + 1 = 0
the tangent at (a, 2a) is y ⋅ 2a = 2a( x + a), = 4 acosec2α
tan θ1 + tan θ2 = y 1 / x1 ,
i.e. y = x + a. The normal at (a, 2a) is When a = 2, α = 60°
tan θ1 tan θ2 = 1 / x1
y + x = 2a + a, i.e. y + x = 3 a.
Given that, cotθ1 + cotθ2 = 2 ∴ Length of AB = 4 ( 2) cosec2 (60° )
On solving y = 0 and y = x + a,
32
we get ⇒ tan θ1 + tan θ2 = 2 tan θ1 tan θ2 =
x = – a, y = 0 3
On solving y = 0 and y + x = 3 a, ⇒ y 1 / x1 = 2 / x1
33 Statement II Area of triangle formed by
we get ⇒ Locus of P ( x1 , y 1 ) is y = 2.
these tangents and their corresponding
x = 3 a, y = 0 ( y 2 − 4 a x1 )3 /2
The area of the triangle with vertices
30 Equation of chord of contact of (1,3) to chord of contact is 1 .
the parabola y 2 = 4 x is 2 |a|
(a, 2a), ( − a, 0), (3 a, 0)
3 y = 2( x + 1) …(i) Hence, Statement II is false.
1
= × 4 a × 2a = 4 a2 Solving Eq. (i) and parabola, we get
2 Statement I x1 = 12, y 1 = 8
4
( x + 1)2 = 4 x ( y 12 − 4 ax1 )3 /2
27 Equation of tangent to y = 8 x at
2
9 ∴ Area =
2
(2, 4) is ⇒ x2 − 7 x + 1 = 0
4 y = 4( x + 2) i.e. x − y + 2 = 0 …(i) (64 − 48)3 /2
∴ x1 + x2 = 7, x1 x2 = 1 = = 32
Let mid-point of QR be ( x1 , y 1 ). Then, 2
equation of QR(T = S 1 ) is ⇒ ( x1 − x2 )2 = 49 − 4 = 45 Hence, Statement I is true.
yy 1 − 4( x + x1 ) − 5 = y 12 − 8 x1 − 5 2
Also, y1 − y2 = ( x1 − x2 ) 34 Let P ( x , y ) be any point on the parabola
⇒ 4 x − yy 1 − 4 x1 + y 12 = 0 …(ii) 3
and let PM and PN are perpendiculars
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ ( y 1 − y 2 )2 = 20 from P on the axis and tangent at the
4 y1 y 2 − 4 x1
= = 1 vertex respectively, then
1 1 2
 Y 3 Here A, B and D are co-normal points, A(at 1 t 2 , a (t 1 + t 2 )), B (at 1 t 3 , a(t 1 + t 3 ))
Let A, B and D be ( x1 , y 1 ), ( x2 , y 2 ) and and C (at 1 t 3 , a(t 2 + t 3 )).
N ( x3 , y 3 ) respectively. AB is the chord Triangle ABC is equilateral.
x + y = 1. a(t 3 − t 2 ) 1
P (x, y) m AB = = , and
A Solving x + y = 1 and y 2 = 4 x, at 1 (t 3 − t 2 ) t 1
X¢
M we get m AC = 1 / t 2 .
3x + X
O ⇒ y 2 = 4 (1 − y ) 1 / t1 − 1 / t2 |t 2 − t 1 |
0

4y – ∴ 3= =
=

4= ⇒ y + 4y − 4 = 0
2
1 + 1 / t1 t2 |1 + t 1 t 2|
7

0
y+

∴ y1 + y2 = − 4 ⇒ (t 2 − t 1 )2 = 3(1 + t 1 t 2 )2
–3

y1 + y2 + y3 = 0 ⇒ (t 1 + t 2 )2 − 4t 1 t 2 = 3 + 6t 1 t 2 + 3(t 1 t 2 )2
4x

⇒ y3 = 4 Let A be ( x, y ). Then
Y¢
∴ 16 = 4 x3 ⇒ x3 = 4. y2 x 3 x2
(PM ) 2 = (Latusrectum) (PN ) Hence, D is (4, 4). 2
= 3 + 10 + 2
a a a
 4 x + 3y + 7 
2
3 x + 4y − 4 
⇒   = 4  4 VM = at 12 , VM ′ = at 22 and VA = k , then ⇒ y 2 = 3a2 + 10ax + 3 x2
 32 + 42   2 
 4 + (−3) 
2
= 3(x + a)2 + 4ax
⇒ Y 2 = 4 AX P(t1)
8 Circle is x2 + y 2 − 12 x + 31 = 0, C (6, 0),
3x + 4y − 4
∴ A = 1, Y = , r = 5.
5
4 x − 3y + 7 M¢ Shortest distance will take place along
X = V
AM the common normal. Normal to y 2 = 4 x
5
at A(t 2 , 2t ) is
So, the directrix is X + A = 0.
P¢(t2) y = − tx + 2t + t 3 . It must passes
4 x − 3y + 7
⇒ + 1= 0 through (6, 0).
5 ∴ t 3 − 4t = 0 ⇒ t = 0 or ± 2.
at 12 2at 1 1
⇒ 4 x − 3 y + 12 = 0
at 22 2at 2 1 ∴Distances between the curves along
35 Equation of circle can be rewritten as k 0 1 common normal are 6 − 5, and 5.
5
x2 + y 2 = [Q P , A, P ′ are collinear]
Hence, minimum distance between the
2 curves = 5.
⇒ k + at 1 t 2 = 0
5
Let common tangent be y = mx + ⇒ VM . VM ′ = (at 1 t 2 )2 = k 2 = VA2
m 9 Area A = 2 x20 × x 0 × 1 = x30
⇒ VM , VA and VM ′ are in GP. 2
So, the perpendicular from centre to the
tangent is equal to radius. 5 Let P(k, 0) be a point on the axis on the
5 parabola y 2 = 4( x + 2)
∴ m =
5 Equation of normal at (−2 + t 2 , 2t ) is (0, x02 ) R
P (0, x02 )
1 + m2 2 t ( x + 2) + y = 2t + t 3
⇒ m 1 + m2 = 2 ⇒ y + tx = t 3 .
This passes through (k , 0)
⇒ m2 (1 + m2 ) = 2 ∴ t 3 − kt = 0 or t = 0, t 2 = k
⇒ m 4 + m2 − 2 = 0 Q (0, –x02 )
For three real and distinct normals
⇒ (m2 + 2) (m2 − 1) = 0 k > 0. Since 1 ≤ x 0 ≤ 2, then area is max. at
⇒ m=±1 ∴ Set of all such point x 0 = 2.
[Qm2 + 2 ≠ 0, as m ∈ R] = {(k , 0)| k > 0}.
∴ y =± x± 5 10 Let A( x1 , y 1 ) be any point on the
6 Let y = mx + c intersect y 2 = 4ax at parabola
Both statements are correct as
A(t 1 ) and B (t 2 ). Then
m=±1 A (x1, y1)
2
satisfies the given equation of Statement m=
II. t1 + t2
But, Statement II is not a correct ⇒ t1 + t2 = 2 / m x – y + 13 = 0
explanation of Statement I. Normals at A and B meet at P. Let
another normal from P meet the
(h , k )
SESSION 2 parabola at C (t 3 ).
B
Then A, B and C are co-normal points.
1 Equation of axis is y = 2 which is ∴ t1 + t2 + t3 = 0 y 2 = 4 x and B (h, k ) be the reflection of
parallel to X -axis. ⇒ t 3 = −2 / m A with respect to the line
Therefore, reflected ray will pass  4a 4a  x − y + 13 = 0. Then,
through the focus, which is (0, 2) ∴ C may be  2 , − . h + x1 k + y1
m m − + 13 = 0
2 Tangents TA,TB are perpendicular 2 2
7 Let the sides of the triangle touch the k − y1
⇒ AB is focal chord and . (1) = − 1
parabola y 2 = 4ax at t 1 , t 2 and t 3 . h − x1
⇒ AB is latusrectum. Tangent at t 1 , t 2 , t 3 meets in
∴ AB = 8 Then, x1 = k − 13, y 1 = h + 13
 ∴ (h + 13) 2 = 4(k − 13) − 1 + 17 14 Let ( p, q ), p, q ∈ Z be an interior point
x=
∴ Locus of the point B is 2 of both the curves.
( x + 13) 2 = 4( y − 13). Then, p2 + q 2 − 16 < 0
0, 4 and q 2 − 4 p < 0, p ≥ 0.
11 Normal at P (at 2 , 2at ) is y= x
y= – x r ⇒ p > (q / 2)2 and p2 < 16 − q 2 .
y + tx = 2at + at 3 r (0, 4 – r)
Given it passes (0, −6) q = 0 ⇒ p = 1, 2, 3
⇒ −6 = 2at + at 3 [Qa = 2] q = 1 ⇒ p = 1, 2, 3
⇒ − 6 = 4t + 2t 3 q = 2 ⇒ p = 2, 3
⇒ t 3 + 2t + 3 = 0 q = 3 ⇒ p = has no value.
4− r − 0 ∴There only 8 points (1, 0), (2, 0),
⇒ t = −1 =r
2 (3, 0), (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2) (3, 1), (3, 2) in
y2=8x 4 − r = ± 2r upper half.
4  4  Due to symmetry about X -axis.
r = Q < 0
2+ 1  1− 2  (1, − 1), (2, − 1), (2, − 2), (3, − 1), (3, − 2) are
also interior points. Hence in all, three
r = 4 ( 2 − 1) are 13 interior integral points.
P(at2, 2at)
13 Let P ( x1 , y 1 ) and Q ( x2 , y 2 ). 15 Clearly, QR is the diameter of the
C(0, – 6) Tangents at P and Q to the parabola required circle.
y 2 = 4ax are
yy 1 = 2a ( x + x1 ) P
(16, 16)
So, P (a, − 2a) = (2, − 4) [Q a = 1] and yy 2 = 2a ( x + x2 ).
Radius of circle
∴ y ( y 1 − y 2 ) = 2a( x1 − x2 ) Q(–16, 0) S(4, 0) R(24, 0)
= CP = 22 + (−4 + 6)2 = 2 2
2a( y 12 − y 22 )
Equation of circle is =
4a
( x − 2)2 + ( y + 4)2 = (2 2 )2 16 y = 8( x + 16) ⇒ Q = (−16, 0)
y1 + y2
x2 + y 2 − 4 x + 8 y + 12 = 0 ⇒ y3 = y − 16 = − 2( x − 16) ⇒ R = (24, 0)
2
∴ Equation of required circle is
12 x2 + x − 4 = 0 ⇒ y 1 , y 3 , y 2 are in AP.
( x + 16) ( x − 24) + y 2 = 0
− 1± 1 + 16 ⇒ x2 + y 2 − 8 x − 384 = 0
x=
2