Table of Contents

Introduction

1. Software Architecture
1.1 Selection, Analysis, and Evaluation of Architectural Styles
1.2 Architectural Styles and their Roles
1.3 Analysis of Component/Service Architecture
1.4 Justification of Selected Styles

2. Architecture Comparison
2.1 Benefits of Software Architecture Using Software Quality Factors
2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Architectural Styles
2.3 Suitability Analysis of Service-based Architecture

3. Analysis and Design

3.1 Discussion of Analysis and Design Aspect Decisions
3.2 Requirement Specification
3.3 Design Diagrams

4. Migration Strategy and Technologies

4.1 Selection and Review of Cloud Services
4.2 Migration Strategy for Mapping of Selected Architecture
4.3 Potential Technologies for Implementation

5. Issues

6. Conclusion

7. References
 Introduction

Software architecture refers to the fundamental structure and design of a software system that
defines its components, their relationships, and the principles guiding their arrangement. In
the context of ABC Banking Group's migration to a cloud-based service-oriented
architecture, software architecture plays a pivotal role.

At its core, software architecture serves as the roadmap that directs the creation and execution
of the banking system. It captures the general architecture, features, and conduct of the
system, which is essential for overseeing intricate banking procedures. Considering the
necessity of moving from a LAN-based system to an infrastructure based on the cloud, the
architecture forms the basis for this development. It enables the effective management of
accounts, transactions, and customer contacts across a variety of platforms, including
desktops and mobile devices, by facilitating the smooth integration of diverse components.

In this case, assessing several paradigms, such as object-oriented and service-oriented

architectures, is necessary to choose the best architectural style. These styles specify how
different parts of the system communicate and work together. Reusability, maintainability,
and scalability are three software quality aspects that are greatly impacted by architectural
selection. A service-oriented strategy, for example, places a strong emphasis on independent
and modular services, which fits in well with the scattered structure of ABC Banking Group's
challenge. This encourages flexibility, which makes it simpler to consider evolving
technology and shifting business requirements.

Overall, the banking application's software architecture acts as its framework, determining its
adaptability, flexibility, and dependability. In addition to making migration easier, a well-
designed architecture paves the way for upcoming discoveries and technical breakthroughs
that will provide ABC Banking Group's services a competitive advantage and allow them to
grow.
 1. Software Architecture

Software architecture serves as the foundational framework guiding the design, development,
and evolution of a software system. In the case of ABC Banking Group, it's critical to enable
a seamless transition to a cloud-based service architecture while ensuring robustness,
scalability, and adaptability to meet evolving business needs.

1.1 Selection, Analysis, and Evaluation of Architectural Styles

Selecting, assessing, and evaluating architectural styles requires a methodical approach to

determining the best design framework for a specific software system:

Selection: Selection involves analyzing the system's needs, restrictions, and goals in order to
select a suitable architectural style. Scalability, performance, security, and future extension
are all factors to consider. Comparing multiple styles to determine the one that best
corresponds with the system's needs might be part of the selection process.

Analysis: This step entails an extensive study of the chosen architectural styles. It entails
comprehending the structure, components, interconnections, and trade-offs connected with
each style. Analyzing the strengths and limits of each style aids in making educated
judgments regarding its suitability to the specific project needs.

Evaluation: After analyzing architectural styles, an evaluation step determines their

applicability based on predefined criteria. This could involve developing prototypes,
simulations, or completing feasibility studies to validate how each style satisfies the needs of
the system. Performance benchmarks, scalability testing, and cost estimates may all help with
the evaluation process.

Overall, this thorough approach to selection, analysis, and assessment enables software
architects to make educated judgments regarding the best architectural style for a specific
system. It guarantees that the chosen style meets the system's functional and non-functional
criteria while also taking long-term scalability and maintainability into account.

1.2 Architectural Styles and their Roles

An architectural style in software architecture refers to a collection of rules, conventions,

and patterns that dictate how software components are arranged, interact, and communicate
inside a system. It includes high-level design decisions that impact a software application's
general structure and behavior.
There are different types of architectural styles, such as:
1. Client-Server Architectural Style: This architectural style separates the system into
client and server components. Clients, such as user interfaces, communicate with
servers, which store and handle data or run calculations. It enables scalability by
allowing several clients to connect to a centralized server, allowing for more effective
resource consumption and simpler management of shared data.
2. N-Tier / 3-Tier Architectural Style: N-Tier divides the system into logical tiers
(presentation, application, data), encouraging modularity and concern separation. It
improves scalability and maintainability by dividing the application's components
across numerous layers, each of which is in charge of specialized functions such as
user interface, business logic, and data storage.

3. Layered Architectural Style: Like N-Tier, the Layered architectural style divides the
system into horizontal levels, each indicating a different degree of abstraction. These
layers communicate in a hierarchical manner, with each layer only interacting with
the layers above it. It promotes modular architecture and enforces a clear separation of
concerns, which facilitates maintenance and scalability.
4. Object-Oriented Architectural Style: Object-Oriented design emphasizes
encapsulating data and behavior into objects, fostering code reusability, and
modularity. It structures the system around classes and objects, allowing for easier
understanding and maintenance through abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

5. Component-Based Architectural Style: This style emphasizes the use of reusable and
interchangeable software components in the construction of systems. Components
include specialized functionality and may be combined to form bigger applications. It
encourages reusability while shortening development time and improving
maintainability.
6. Service-Oriented Architectural Style: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
decomposes the system into loosely coupled, independent services that communicate
via standardized interfaces. It promotes interoperability, allowing diverse applications
to interact seamlessly, enhancing flexibility and scalability in distributed
environments.
1.3 Analysis of Component/Service Architecture

Component-based and service-oriented architectures (SOA) focus on modularizing software

systems into manageable units.

Component-based Architecture:

Description: It organizes systems by dividing them into reusable, interchangeable, and self-
contained software components. These components contain certain functions and may be
used to form bigger applications.

Advantages: Encourages reusability by allowing components to be reused across several

projects, decreasing development time. Improves maintainability and flexibility by allowing
changes to particular components to be made without impacting the overall system. Allows
teams to work on specific components while supporting parallel development initiatives.

Challenges: Dependency management is crucial since changes in one component might have
an impact on others. It is critical for seamless integration to ensure component compatibility
and standard interfaces.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

Description: SOA divides systems into loosely connected, autonomous services that interact
via standardized interfaces. Services are self-contained entities with well-defined functions
that may be used by other applications.

Advantages: Improves interoperability, allowing disparate systems to communicate and share

data successfully. Encourages reusability and flexibility by providing services that may be
used across several applications. Scalability and agility are supported, enabling easy
integration and adaptation to changing business demands.

Challenges: Service governance and administration are becoming increasingly important for
maintaining service versions, guaranteeing security, and managing dependencies. Because of
the dispersed nature of services, the initial setup and deployment may be complicated.

Both approaches strive for greater reusability, maintainability, and scalability. Component-
based architecture is concerned with reusable software pieces within a single application,
whereas SOA is concerned with interoperability and flexibility across distributed systems.
The decision between these designs is influenced by system requirements, scalability
requirements, and integration capabilities.

1.4 Justification of Selected Styles

Choosing an architectural style, such as Component-Based Architecture (CBA) or Service-

Oriented Architecture (SOA), for the ABC Group's challenge entails more than just benefits.
Depending on a number of variables, the ABC Group must decide between Service-Oriented
Architecture (SOA) and Component-Based Architecture (CBA) for their challenge.

Component-Based Architecture (CBA):

ABC Group should use Component-based Architecture if modularity and reusability are
important to them. Because businesses might have varied software requirements for various
projects, CBA's reusable components are advantageous. By using pre-existing components, it
expedites development by conserving both time and resources. Additionally, the flexibility of
CBA makes maintenance simpler in the event that ABC Group expects to make regular
upgrades or changes to particular features. It is vital to acknowledge that CBA may encounter
difficulties in effectively handling intricate dependencies and guaranteeing compatibility
across diverse components sourced from disparate sources or versions. The scalability of
CBA may have drawbacks if the projects are planned to scale differently or have diverse
requirements, as components may scale inconsistently.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

ABC Group is a good fit for SOA if integration and flexibility are important to them. SOA
stands out if the Group requires an architecture that enables the assembly of applications
utilizing independent, reusable services. It provides flexibility in feature combinations and
agility, allowing applications to be composed of different services. However, a crucial factor
to take into account is integration difficulty. The group must invest in strong systems for
inter-service communication to reduce integration issues if they expect varied services to
require smooth interactions. Furthermore, even while SOA makes service maintenance easier,
maintaining a variety of services may necessitate thorough governance plans, which might
complicate the system even further.

Consideration Factors:

Project Diversity: CBA's component reuse may be helpful if ABC Group has projects with
different requirements but overlapping functionality.

Scalability Requirements: The service-based architecture of SOA may provide greater

flexibility if scalability across projects is essential and they need independent scaling.

Complexity vs. Flexibility: If the organization anticipates continuously changing

functionality, SOA's flexibility may be preferable above CBA's simplicity in component
administration.

Updating and Maintenance: The modularity of CBA may make maintenance easier if the
Group expects to make changes to certain features on a regular basis, although SOA's
service-level updates may be easier to handle.

In the end, ABC Group must balance the trade-offs between complexity, scalability,
reusability, and flexibility depending on the particular requirements and long-term goals of
their projects in order to decide between CBA and SOA.
 2. Architecture Comparison

A software system's overall quality is largely determined by its software architecture. It

influences a system's extendibility, maintainability, and reusability by defining its basic
structure, organization, and behavior. Two popular methods for developing software are
object-oriented (OO) and service-oriented (SO) programming paradigms, each of which has
unique advantages in terms of software quality characteristics.

2.1 Benefits of Software Architecture Using Software Quality Factors

The implementation of software architecture, incorporating software quality factors, offers

distinct advantages for the operations of ABC Banking Group:

1. Scalability: An SOA hosted in the cloud has the flexibility to grow horizontally in
response to rising transaction volumes and user demand. To keep expanding and
satisfying the demands of its clients, ABC Banking Group must do this.
2. Agility: SOA encourages loose coupling and modularity, which facilitates the
integration of third-party services, the addition of new features, and the adaptation to
shifting business needs. In the quickly changing financial sector, ABC Banking Group
has to maintain its competitiveness.
3. Resilience: The distributed architecture of SOA improves fault tolerance and lessens
the effect of isolated service outages. In order to guarantee that clients of ABC
Banking Group can always access their accounts and complete transactions, even
during times of heavy traffic or unforeseen delays, this resilience is crucial.
4. Security: SOA protects sensitive client data by enabling fine-grained access control
and data security procedures. ABC Banking Group needs this protection in order to
abide with industry rules and uphold client confidence.
5. Cost-effectiveness: By utilizing cloud-based services, SOA may maximize resource
consumption and lower infrastructure expenses. ABC Banking Group may be able to
increase its profitability and make investments in fresh growth prospects thanks to this
cost-effectiveness.

2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Architectural Styles

Component-based and service-based architectures offer significant benefits when migrating a

financial system to the cloud:

CBA (Component-Based Architecture):

Advantages of Component-based Architecture:

1. Granular Scalability: CBA enables the system to be broken down into manageable
and reusable components. This entails modularizing components such as account
creation, transaction processing, and customer administration in a banking system.
2. Easier Maintenance: Maintenance is simplified and downtime is reduced since
updates or alterations to one component do not necessarily affect others.
3. Reusability: Components can be reused across several services or systems, increasing
efficiency and consistency.
 4. Flexibility: Allows for the easy incorporation of new features or upgrades as distinct
components, enabling flexibility to changing business demands.
5. Enhanced Testing: Isolated components make specific functionality easier to test and
validate, boosting the overall resilience of the system.

Disadvantages of Component-based Architecture:

1. Complexity: Especially for big systems, the design and implementation of CBA can
be challenging.
2. Testing: Because CBA testing involves evaluating each component separately as well
as the relationships between them, it can be challenging.
3. Deployment: Since controlling the deployment of several components is necessary,
deploying CBA may be challenging.

SBA (Service-Based Architecture):

Advantages of Service-oriented Architecture:

1. Loose Coupling: SBA encourages flexible coupling between services, allowing each
service to run independently. This guarantees that account services, transaction
services, and customer management services may operate independently in banking.
2. Interoperability: Services can connect with one another effortlessly across platforms,
allowing numerous clients and interfaces to access the same features.
3. Scalability: Based on demand, each service may be scaled individually, increasing
resource allocation and system performance.
4. Fault Isolation: If one service fails, the entire system is less likely to be affected,
ensuring improved dependability and fault tolerance.
5. Standardization and Flexibility: SBA frequently adheres to defined protocols like as
RESTful APIs, allowing for more flexibility and faster adoption of new technologies
or integrations.

Disadvantages of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):

1. Complexity of Integration: It might be difficult to integrate different services,

necessitating strong mechanisms for smooth communication.
2. Overhead: Latency from service-to-service communication can affect the performance
of the system as a whole.
3. Enhanced Governance Needs: Overseeing a variety of services may need extensive
governance plans, which would increase the system's complexity.

Using both of these architectures can provide ABC Banking Group with a holistic strategy.
Within a cloud context, component-based for internal modularity and reusability, and service-
based for external interaction, scalability, and fault tolerance.

2.3 Suitability Analysis of Service-Based Architecture for ABC Banking Group's

System Migration:

Relevance to the Problem:

1. Transaction-Centric Operations: Service-Based Architecture (SBA) aligns well with
the transaction processing system at the core of the Group's activities. Services can
 encapsulate transaction handling, account management, and attribute retrieval,
allowing for modular, focused functionalities.
2. Flexibility in Client Access: Standardized service interfaces (SBAs) allow a variety of
devices, including PCs and mobile phones, to access account data by facilitating
interactions between different clients and graphical user interfaces. This is consistent
with the need for varied customer accessibility.

Distributed Nature:
1. Decentralized Service Modules: SBA's decentralized nature allows for the creation of
distributed services, enabling account handling and transaction management to be
separated into distinct services, facilitating easier scalability and maintenance.
2. Communication Between Components: SBA enables communication between
different service components, crucial for the exchange of transaction data between the
account services and user interfaces.

Scalability and Adaptability:

1. Scalable Services: SBA provides scalability by enabling the independent scaling of
specific services (such account creation and transaction processing) in order to
accommodate changing transaction volumes and client expansion.
2. Adaptability to Cloud Infrastructure: SBA facilitates the Group's transition from
LAN-based to cloud-based infrastructure by allowing the deployment of services
across distributed environments, which makes it a good fit with cloud-based systems.

Management of Account Operations:

1. Service Modularity: SBA enables the division of account processes into discrete
services (such as account creation and balance computation), facilitating simpler
administration and allowing upgrades to be made to individual capabilities without
affecting the system as a whole.
2. Transaction Management: SBA makes it easier to manage transactions in the system
by listing them chronologically in the account services. This makes it possible to
monitor and retrieve transactions correctly for reports and inquiries such as bank
statements.

While maintaining the essential features of its transaction processing system, ABC Banking
Group may migrate from a LAN-based system to a cloud-based system with the help of
service-based architecture. Scalable and flexible account creation, transaction management,
and client interactions may be handled by it thanks to its modularity, flexibility, support for
dispersed environments, and alignment with transaction-centric processes.
 3. Analysis and Design

3.1 Discussion of Analysis and Design Aspect Decisions

Migration Strategy and Technologies

Issues
Conclusion