ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF GRADUATE

STUDIES

DATABASE AND
DATABASE USERS
By Dr. Balamurugan M
 Contents
• What is Data?
• What is Database?
• Database Users
• Actors on the scene
• Database Administrator
• Database designers
• End Users
• System Analyst &
Application Programmers
• Workers behind the Scene
 WHAT IS DATA
• Data is a collection of known facts, figures or
statistics that can be stored.
• Data can be text, numbers, audio, video or any
combination of these. It is raw and
unprocessed.
• Data becomes information when it is
processed, turning it into something
meaningful.
 WHAT IS DATABASE
• A database is a collection of related data
• It is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently.
• It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema,
views, and reports, etc.
• A database system is designed to be built and populated with
data for a certain task.
• Examples: A Personal Telephone directory, College Staff register,
Student database etc.,
 WHAT IS DBMS
• DBMS stands for
Database Management System.
• DBMS = Database + Management System.
• Database is a collection of data and Management System is a set of
programs to store and retrieve those data.
• DBMS is a collection of inter-related data and set of programs to
store & access those data in an easy and effective manner.
 NEED OF DBMS

HANDLING FAST RETRIEVAL

STORAGE Along with storing
LARGE VOLUME According to the the data in an
OF DATA principles of optimized and
database systems, systematic
the data is stored manner, it is also
Database systems
in such a way that important that we
are basically
it acquires lot less retrieve the data
developed for large
space as the quickly when
amount of data.
redundant data needed. Database
(duplicate data) systems ensure
has been removed that the data is
before storage. retrieved as quickly
as possible.
Applications of DBMS
• Database Users are the ones who really use and
take the benefits of a Database.

• There will be different types of users depending

on their need and way of accessing the Database.

• They can be categorized Into:

1. Actors on The Scene

2. Workers Behind The Scene

 ACTORS ON THE SCENE
• The persons whose jobs involve the

01 day to day use of the large database

are called actors on the scene.

Examples:
02 • DBA, Database designers, End users,
system analysts and Application
Programmers
 DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
Database administrator (DBA) are responsible for:
• Authorizing access to the database
• Coordinating and monitoring its use
• Acquiring software and hardware resources
• Tuning the DBMS for best performance
• Installing and upgrading the DBMS Servers
• Design and implementation
• Migrate database servers
• Backup and Recovery
 DATABASE DESIGNERS
Database designer responsible for:
• Identifying the data to be stored
• Choosing appropriate structures to represent and store this data
• Study the requirements of the various users to come up with the design that
meets the requirements.
• Talk to the perspective users & develop the view for different users meet
their processing requirements
 END USERS
End users are the people who access the database for querying,
updating and generating reports. There are different categories
of End users. They are:
1. Naive or parametric end users
2. Casual end users
3. Sophisticated end users
4. Standalone users
 NAIVE OR PARAMETRIC END USERS
• Most number of database end users is the naïve or parametric end users. They
constantly make use of the database, querying and updating the database.
They utilize the standard types of queries and updates called canned
transactions, which are carefully programmed and tested.
• Naive users need not know much about the facilities provided by the DBMS.
They only have to understand the user interface of the standard transactions
designed and implemented for their use.
• Example: Bank tellers, Reservation clerks for Airline, Railways and hotels
 CASUAL END USERS
• They occasionally access the database but they may need
different information each time from the database.
• They use a sophisticated database query language to specify their
requests & are typically middle of high level managers or occasional
browsers.
• They need to know only few facilities, which they are concerned with
and may be used repeatedly.
 SOPHISTICATED END USERS
• They include engineers, scientists, business analyst, who thoroughly
familiarize with the facilities of DBMS to meet their requirements.
• They learn most of the DBMS facilities in order to achieve their complex
requirements.

STAND-ALONE USERS
• They maintain personal databases by using readymade packages. These
packages provide easy to use menu based or graphics based interfaces.

• For example, users of tax packages, financial packages, etc.,

 System analysts and Application Programmers generally referred to as
Software Engineers.
SYSTEM ANALYST
•System analyst is responsible for the design, structure and properties of
database. All the requirements of the end users are handled by system
analyst.
•Feasibility, economic and technical aspects of DBMS is the main concern of
system analyst.
•They study the requirements of End users specially having users and make
the specifications for canned transactions.
 APPLICATION PROGRAMMERS
• Implement complex specifications (business logic) as
programs
• They are the developers who interact with the database
by means of DML queries.
• These DML queries are written in the application
programs like C, C++, JAVA, Pascal etc.
 WORKERS BEHIND THE SCENE
• The persons who work to maintain the

01 database environment but are

actively involved in the database itself
not

Examples:
02 • DBMS system
Implementers, Tool
designers
developers
and
and
Operators and Maintenance personnel
 DBMS DESIGNERS AND
IMPLEMENTERS
• The persons who design and implement the DBMS software
package.
• The DBMS software consists of many complex modules like
modules for implementing the catalog, processing query
language, processing the interface, accessing and buffering
data, controlling concurrency and handling the data recovery
and security.
 TOOL DEVELOPERS
• Tools are software packages that facilitate database system
design and usage and help in improving performance.
• Tools include packages for database design, performance
monitoring, graphical interfaces, simulation, and test data
generation.
• Tools are optional packages and are often available separately.
• Tool developers are the persons who design and implement
such tools.
 OPERATORS AND
MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL
• They are the system administration personnel who are
responsible for the actual running and maintenance of the
hardware and software environment for the database
design.
THANK YOU!