Construction Management
Semester Project:
Construction Project Safety Management
17.04.2022
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Group Members
Amamuel Tewolde etr/0131/10
Bamlak Mohammed etr/2020/10
Bethel Getahun etr/2183/10
Etsegent Petros etr/4209/10
Eyuel Dereje etr/4167/10
Kaleab Aschalew etr/6140/10
Nebiyou Kebede etr/3151/10
Tamirat Hailu etr/7910/10
Tewolde Daniel etr/7277/09
Yeab Meseret etr/4539/09
Yonathan Alula etr/9237/09
Project Safety Management 1
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to our teachers for allowing us to participate in this endeavor. We would
like to express our gratitude to him for his helpful recommendations and ideas. We'd also
like to express our gratitude to our college for providing us with all of the resources we
needed for the project.
Overall, we would like to thank everyone who contributed to our project and helped us
improve it with their comments. Finally, we want to express our gratitude to our parents
and friends for always being there for us and supporting us in all of our endeavors.
Project Safety Management 2
Abstract
The construction industry continues to grow as the demand for infrastructure, homes, and
office spaces grows by the day. Since the construction industry is so dynamic, it is
vulnerable to a range of health risks. As a result, protection is a top priority in the
construction sector to ensure a healthy working environment. Safety experts have
determined that risky behaviors cause the majority of workplace injuries, and that
controlling these behaviors is one of the keys to effective accident prevention and a low
accident rate on construction sites. Safety in the construction industry is much more
important.
This review paper is about increasing safety in the building industry performance. The
study is primarily to define the critical success factors that affect the implementation of
construction safety management. This review paper is to recognize and solve major
problems in the building sector with various solutions related to work situations that affect
project safety performance. Due to lack of knowledge and awareness, a large number of
people's deaths and long-term injuries occur. Traditional construction safety management
has faced challenges As a consequence of the ever-increasing amount of information
available, data available. Sensor-based technology is thought to include a new wave of
construction safety management techniques because it is an effective way to collect,
identify, and process data. The reason behind this review paper is to recognize and assess
Construction project safety control in order to reduce and control construction worker
health and safety (H&S). The various safety and control measures of accidents in building
projects were outlined in this paper in order to mitigate accidents by using sensor-based
technology. and discuss the causes of accidents as well as Drone use for construction
safety.
The purpose of this review paper is to improve the construction industry's safety
management. The aim of the research is to identify the essential success variables that
influence construction safety. Because it is an efficient means to gather, identify, and
interpret data, sensor-based technology is anticipated to contain a new wave of
construction safety management strategies.
Project Safety Management 3
Content
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION………………......................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 1 Health and Safety Concept...........................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 Safety and Health Practices..........................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3 Causes and Prevention of Accidents............................................................................8
CHAPTER 4 Causes of Construction Site Accidents.........................................................................10
CHAPTER 5 Wellness Programs........................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 6 Ethiopian Context on Health & Safety……………………………..................................12
CHAPTER 7 Conclusion………........................................................................................................
References……………...………........................................................................................................
Project Safety Management 4
Introduction
Safety management is essential knowledge in a project management area which is
recognized in The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide).
Safety management is expected to take account of all risks and accidents that may possibly
be expected that put project employees at risk. The health and safety (H&S) of any
workplace is very important to diminish such risks, legally and ethically, but in mainly
dangerous contexts such as the construction industry HS takes on perilous importance as
daily activities of the industry are highly unsafe. It is thus important to identify suitable
safety activities and strategy, accommodating potential serious H&S problems.
Accordingly, accidents on the construction sites are principally attributable to hazardous
human behavior (i.e. individual factors) and/or unsafe working conditions (i.e. system
factors). Moreover, it is obvious that there is a serious problem with falls, which problem is
common throughout the global construction industry.
Safety management is the procedure used to recognize H&S risks and implement actions to
decrease the possibility of a risk materializing and to diminish or eliminate the potential
consequences of identified project H&S risks.
Injuries and fatalities resulted in accidents in the construction industry. Still an obstacle
clings construction industry to its infamous position as the industrial sector responsible for
more occupation accidents, than any other. Consequently, the improvement of H&S in
construction is still an essential goal for all contributors in the construction processes.
Safety management is likely to take account of all risks and accidents that may believably
be expected that put project employees at risk, to minimize such risks. It is thus important
to identify appropriate safety actions and strategies to accommodate potential serious H&S
problems.
Therefore, the aim of this project is to identify and evaluate the safety management in
construction projects to diminish and control risk to H&S of employees/workers. This aim
could be achieved by:
● Analyzing the H&S problems related to the construction industry and exploring
solutions to avoid risk on life of construction crews.
● Understanding side effects of construction processes on the H&S of employees to
reduce the site accidents and injuries.
Project Safety Management 5
CHAPTER 1 Health and Safety Concept
Safety is the protection of people from physical injury. Health is the protection of the
bodies and minds of people from illness resulting from the materials, processes or
procedures used in the workplace. The borderline between health and safety is ill-defined
and the two words are normally used together to indicate concern for the physical and
mental well-being of the individual at the place of work.
Accident is defined by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) as ‘any unplanned event that
results in injury or ill-health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or
the environment or a loss of a business opportunity’. Other authorities define an accident
more narrowly by excluding events that do not involve injury or ill-health. This project will
always use the HSE definition.
Health and safety are the responsibility of everyone at work. Occupational safety and
health (OSH) is generally defined as the science of the anticipation, recognition, evaluation
and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace that could impair the health and
well-being of workers, taking into account the possible impact on the surrounding
communities and the general environment.
Occupational work-related ill-health is concerned with those illnesses or physical and
mental disorders that are either caused or triggered by workplace activities. Such
conditions may be induced by the particular work activity of the individual, or by activities
of others in the workplace. The time interval between exposure and the onset of the illness
may be short (e.g. asthma attacks) or long (e.g. deafness or cancer)
Construction industry, in general, is comparatively less organized & involves participation
of a major percentage of unskilled labor as compared to other industrial sectors. As a
major employment generator in many parts of the world, construction is also a sector
associated with a proportionately high number of job-related accidents & diseases.
Despite mechanization, the industry is still largely labor-intensive, while working
environments are frequently changing and involve many different parties. Safe and healthy
work environment refers to both the physical work environment and its hazards for the
physical safety & health of the organization's human resources & to those aspects of work
and organization which may adversely affect people's psychological, as well as their
physical, safety and health.
It is of particular importance to the construction industry, where it is one of the major
employers of the workforce in Ethiopia. Statistics indicate that injuries and death due to
construction related accidents are increasing.
Project Safety Management 6
According to ILO estimates, each year there are at least 60,000 fatal accidents on
construction sites around the world. In many industrialized countries, as many as 25% to
40% of work-related deaths occur on construction sites, even though the sector employs
only 6% to 10% of the workforce. In some countries, it is estimated that 30% of
construction workers suffer from back pains or other muscular disorders. Accidents are
generally unavoidable in construction projects but the number and gravity of accidents can
be reduced considerably if proper safety measures are taken beforehand.
Health and safety in the context of the construction industry are the discipline of
preserving the health of those who build, operate, maintain and demolish engineering
works, and others involved in those works. The term safety generally applies to the
protection from risk of injury and from avoidable accidents.
The term health refers to the well-being from the immediate and long-term effects of
exposure to unhealthy working conditions. Every day many people die as a result of
occupational accidents or work-related diseases, yearly more than 2.78 million deaths are
reported all over the world. In addition to this, there are more than 374 million non-fatal
work-related injuries and illnesses, many of these resulting in extended absences from
work. Health and safety are not only confined to construction works on-site.
Engineers, architects and surveyors are exposed to hazards during the investigatory stage
of a project and while carrying out inspection tasks during the construction phase and on
completed works.
Designers, in particular, carry both a moral responsibility and a duty of care for the safety
of construction workers, maintenance staff, demolition workers & the general public.
Problem of Safety and Health
Construction industry accidents in Ethiopia have not been well recorded. Nevertheless, it is
reported that many people lost their lives on construction sites and many more seriously
injured. Not only are construction workers who suffer injuries and death but also people
and children who are not employed in the industry.
Besides human tragedies, accidents could substantial economic cost to the industry due to
the fact it could also cause:
● Damage to plant and equipment;
● Damage to work already completed;
● Loss of productive work time while debris is cleared and damaged work rebuilt;
● Increased insurance premiums; and
● Loss of confidence and reputation.
Project Safety Management 7
CHAPTER 2 Safety and Health Practices
International Practices
Considering the importance of health and safety of construction workers in the industry,
different countries have designed their own norms, which fit their specific objectives. The
International Labor Organization (ILO) provides specific guidelines on health and safety in
construction activities. The general objectives of health and safety norms/codes in any
country construction industry can be summarized as:
● To provide guidelines in the appropriate design, selection, installation and safe
operation of equipment, and processes related to civil engineering work.
● To provide guidance in establishing administrative, legal and educational
frameworks within which preventive and remedial measures can be implemented
● To promote consultation and cooperation between concerned government
authority, employer's organization and worker's organization in the improvement of
safety and health in the construction industry.
Domestic/Local Practices
In the case of Ethiopia, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs is authorized by law for the
full responsibility of consulting, monitoring and other works related to occupational health
and safety topics. Even though it is difficult to obtain accurate statistics since many
accidents go undetected and unreported, the number of construction accidents occurring
in Ethiopia, is increasing from time to time.
In constructions under-taken in Ethiopia, the construction contract agreement (i.e.) General
Conditions of Contract (clause 21 - 25) and FIDIC (clause 19 - 25) states the responsibilities
of the involved parties. These are like provisions of insurance, taking other safety
measures, etc.
Project Safety Management 8
CHAPTER 3 Causes and Prevention of Accidents
Causes of Accidents
Human Factors:
● Error,
● Daydreaming,
● Intoxication, and
● Carelessness.
Environmental factors:
● Tools,
● Physical plant, and
● General work environment.
Prevention of Accidents
A. Education
Create safety awareness by creating highly visible signs that proclaim safety slogans
Placing accident prevention articles in organization newsletters
B. Skills training
Incorporate accident prevention measures into the learning process.
C. Engineering
Preventing accidents through both job and equipment design. This may include factors that
eliminate fatigue, boredom & daydreaming.
D. Protection
Provide protective equipment (Personal Protective Devices) where necessary. It also
includes performing preventive maintenance on machineries etc.
E. Regulation Enforcement
The best safety rules and regulations will be ineffective if they are not enforced. If they are
not enforced, the employer will be liable for any injuries that occur. The key to control
safety and health is to predict the hazards and thus be in a position to eliminate them.
Project Safety Management 9
The main causes of accident could be basically categorized based on type into:
● Falls,
● Stepping on or striking against objects,
● Lifting and carrying-over exertion,
● Machinery,
● Electricity,
● Transport, and
● Fires and explosions.
Project Safety Management 10
CHAPTER 4 Causes of Construction Site Accidents
Some of the processes prone to accidents are:
● Excavation,
● Scaffolding/Working at Height,
● Shaft work,
● Falsework,
● Erection of Structural Framework,
● Tunneling,
● Use of Cranes,
● Transportation and Mobile Plants,
● Sewer Works,
● Demolition, and
● Road works in hilly terrain.
Project Safety Management 11
CHAPTER 5 Wellness Programs
It involves maintaining a safe and healthy working environment. The following points must
be given attention to keep the wellbeing of employees.
A. Sick Buildings
Office environments that contain harmful airborne chemicals, asbestos, or indoor
pollution.
B. Smoke-free environment
Not permitting smoking in company/work place premises. Limiting where smoking in
company’s premises can occur
C. Wellness Programs
Enables to keep employees healthy by the following activities:
● Smoking cessation;
● Weight control;
● Stress control;
● Physical fitness;
● Nutrition education; and
● Violence protection
Project Safety Management 12
CHAPTER 6 Ethiopian Context on Health & Safety
CHAPTER 7 Conclusion
References
