Electronic Circuits - Chapter 11
Electronic Circuits - Chapter 11
p 11
Op-Amp Applications
Op--Amp Applications
Op
Constant--gain multiplier
Constant
Voltage summing
Voltage buffer
Controlled sources
Instrumentation circuits
Active filters
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 2 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Constant--Gain Amplifier
Constant
Inverting Version
more…
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 3 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Constant--Gain Amplifier
Constant
Noninverting Version
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 4 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Multiple--Stage Gains
Multiple
A = A1 A 2 A 3
or
⎛ R f ⎞⎛ R f ⎞⎛ R f ⎞
A = ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟⎜ − ⎟⎜ − ⎟
⎝ R 1 ⎠⎝ R2 ⎠⎝ R3 ⎠
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 5 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage Summing
⎛R R R ⎞
Vo = − ⎜⎜ f V1 + f V2 + f V3 ⎟⎟
⎝ R1 R2 R3 ⎠
[Formula 14.3]
14 3]
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 6 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage Buffer
Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain
amplifier.
amplifier
Th advantages
The d t off using
i a unity
it gaini amplifier:
lifi
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 7 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Controlled Sources
Voltage
V
Voltage-
l -controlled
ll d voltage
l source
Voltage--controlled current source
Voltage
Current--controlled voltage source
Current
Current--controlled current source
Current
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 8 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Voltage Source
Voltage
The output voltage
is the gain times the Noninverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.
more…
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 9 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Voltage Source
Voltage
The output voltage
is the gain times the Inverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 10 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Current Source
Voltage
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 11 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Current--Controlled Voltage Source
Current
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 12 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Current--Controlled Current Source
Current
⎛R ⎞ Vin
Vout = − ⎜⎜ f ⎟⎟ Vin Io = −
⎝ R in ⎠ R 1 || R 2
Vout Vin ⎛ R + R2 ⎞
=− I o = − Vin ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
Rf R 1 || R 2 ⎝ R1 × R 2 ⎠
Vout V V ⎛ R + R2 ⎞
= − in I o = − in ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟
Rf R in R 1 ⎝ R 2 ⎟⎠
⎛ R ⎞
I o = − I⎜⎜ 1 + 1 ⎟⎟ = kI
⎝ R2 ⎠
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 13 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Instrumentation Circuits
• Display driver
• Instrumentation amplifier
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 14 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Display Driver
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 15 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Instrumentation Amplifier
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 16 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Active Filters
Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of the
cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter provides controllable
cutoff
ff frequencies
f i and d controllable
ll bl gain.
i
• Low-pass filter
• High-pass
High pass filter
• Bandpass filter
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 17 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Low--Pass Filter—
Low Filter—First
First--Order
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 18 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Low--Pass Filter—
Low Filter—Second-
Second-Order
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 19 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
High--Pass Filter
High
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 20 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Bandpass Filter
There are two cutoff
frequencies: upper and
lower. They can be
calculated using the same
low-pass
low pass cutoff and high
high-
pass cutoff frequency
formulas in the
appropriate
pp p sections.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 21 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.