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Electronic Circuits - Chapter 11

Electronic Circuits slides

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views21 pages

Electronic Circuits - Chapter 11

Electronic Circuits slides

Uploaded by

eucon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter

p 11
Op-Amp Applications
Op--Amp Applications
Op

Constant--gain multiplier
Constant
Voltage summing
Voltage buffer
Controlled sources
Instrumentation circuits
Active filters

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 2 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Constant--Gain Amplifier
Constant

Inverting Version

more…

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 3 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Constant--Gain Amplifier
Constant

Noninverting Version

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 4 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Multiple--Stage Gains
Multiple

The total gain (3-stages) is given by:

A = A1 A 2 A 3
or

⎛ R f ⎞⎛ R f ⎞⎛ R f ⎞
A = ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟⎜ − ⎟⎜ − ⎟
⎝ R 1 ⎠⎝ R2 ⎠⎝ R3 ⎠

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 5 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage Summing

The output is the sum


of individual signals
times the gain:

⎛R R R ⎞
Vo = − ⎜⎜ f V1 + f V2 + f V3 ⎟⎟
⎝ R1 R2 R3 ⎠

[Formula 14.3]
14 3]

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 6 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage Buffer
Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain
amplifier.
amplifier
Th advantages
The d t off using
i a unity
it gaini amplifier:
lifi

• Very high input impedance


• Very low output impedance

Realistically these circuits


are designed using equal
resistors (R1 = Rf) to avoid
problems with offset
voltages.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 7 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Controlled Sources

Voltage
V
Voltage-
l -controlled
ll d voltage
l source
Voltage--controlled current source
Voltage
Current--controlled voltage source
Current
Current--controlled current source
Current

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 8 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Voltage Source
Voltage
The output voltage
is the gain times the Noninverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.

more…

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 9 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Voltage Source
Voltage
The output voltage
is the gain times the Inverting Amplifier Version
input voltage. What
makes an op-amp
different from other
amplifiers is its
impedance
characteristics and
gain calculations
that depend solely
on external
resistors.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 10 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Voltage--Controlled Current Source
Voltage

The output current


is:
V1
Io = = kV1
R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 11 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Current--Controlled Voltage Source
Current

This is simply another way


of applying the op
op-amp
amp
operation. Whether the
input is a current
determined by Vini /R1 or as
I1:
− Rf
Vout = Vin
R1
or
Vout = −I 1R L

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 12 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Current--Controlled Current Source
Current

This circuit may appear


more complicated
li d than
h
the others but it is really
the same thing.

⎛R ⎞ Vin
Vout = − ⎜⎜ f ⎟⎟ Vin Io = −
⎝ R in ⎠ R 1 || R 2
Vout Vin ⎛ R + R2 ⎞
=− I o = − Vin ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟
Rf R 1 || R 2 ⎝ R1 × R 2 ⎠
Vout V V ⎛ R + R2 ⎞
= − in I o = − in ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟
Rf R in R 1 ⎝ R 2 ⎟⎠
⎛ R ⎞
I o = − I⎜⎜ 1 + 1 ⎟⎟ = kI
⎝ R2 ⎠

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 13 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Instrumentation Circuits

Some examples of instrumentation circuits using op-


amps:

• Display driver
• Instrumentation amplifier

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 14 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Display Driver

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 15 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Instrumentation Amplifier

For all Rs at the same value (except Rp):


⎛ 2R ⎞
Vo = ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟(V1 − V2 ) = k (V1 − V2 )
⎝ RP ⎠

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 16 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Active Filters
Adding capacitors to op-amp circuits provides external control of the
cutoff frequencies. The op-amp active filter provides controllable
cutoff
ff frequencies
f i and d controllable
ll bl gain.
i

• Low-pass filter
• High-pass
High pass filter
• Bandpass filter

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 17 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Low--Pass Filter—
Low Filter—First
First--Order

The upper cutoff frequency


and
d voltage
lt gain
i are given
i
by: 1 Rf
f OH = Av = 1+
2 πR 1 C 1 R1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 18 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Low--Pass Filter—
Low Filter—Second-
Second-Order

The roll-off can be made steeper by adding more RC networks.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 19 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
High--Pass Filter
High

The cutoff frequency is determined by:


1
f OL =
2 πR 1 C 1

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 20 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Bandpass Filter
There are two cutoff
frequencies: upper and
lower. They can be
calculated using the same
low-pass
low pass cutoff and high
high-
pass cutoff frequency
formulas in the
appropriate
pp p sections.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e 21 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.

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