STATIC ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAYUP CANTILREVER

BEAM USING ABAQUS/CAE2020

PROJECT REPORT
FOR
M-Tech (Machine Design)II SEM
2020-21
SUBMITTED BY
IQBAL RAZA

20MEDM031
GH5405

UNDER SUPERVISION OF

PROF. M. NAUSHAD ALAM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ZHCET ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH
2020-21

1
 ABSTRACT

In this study, the static analysis of a composite layup cantilever beam is

investigated under uniform load. The static analysis is done by Abaqus software
by finite element method. Through this I obtained the graphs and numerical
results. Stress ,strain and deflection of beam is obtained by applying uniform
pressure load on top surface of beam.

CONTENTS

1. INTODUCTION --------------------------------------------------3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW------------------------------------------4
3. FINITE LEMENTS METHOD-----------------------------------5
4. METHODOLOGY------------------------------------------------7
5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DICUSSION-----------------8
6. CONCLUSION----------------------------------------------------18
7. REFERENCES-----------------------------------------------------19

2
1.INTRODUCTION
Composite materials have properties such as light weight, fire resistance, non-
magnetic, high strength, high durability. Because of these properties, composite
structures are at an important point nowadays.

Laminated composites are made up by stacking various layers of unidirectional

lamina at different angles to provide required stiffness and strength in particular
direction. Each lamina is made up of unidirectional fibers arranged in a matrix.
Laminated composites have high strength to weight ratio, high corrosion
resistance and high directional stiffness and strength due to these reasons
widely used in automobile industries, space applications, sports goods and
marine applications.

Different features can be formed by giving desired features in line with needs.
Composite materials; In plaque-based constructions, parallel to the
development of material and production technologies, it began to be preferred
over isotropic materials. Orthotropic composite materials do not exhibit the
same mechanical properties in all directions. In layered composite plates formed
from orthotropic materials, the fibbers forming the laminates are placed at
different orientation angles to obtain the desired property. Layered composite
plates, aircraft bodies and wings, space shuttle bodies, ship and car bodies,
building plates, etc. many areas are used. In this study, the static analysis of two
different Cantilever beam is investigated and compared by applying uniform
load using Abaqus/CAE 2020.

In this paper, the model of Rectangular composite layup cantilever beam and
simple cantilever beam are modeled by Abaqus software, and the uniform
pressure is applied to the upper surface. To observe the stress distribution and
deformation.

3
2.LITERATURE RIVIEW

As our primary objective is to study the static and dynamic behavior of

cantilever composite beam to evaluate strength of beam by changing composite
material orientation a literature survey is carried out to understand current
trends in this field.

[1]Simulation of Stress Distribution and Deformation Analysis for Cantilever I-

beams Using ABAQUS Software by Wen Runsheng , Zhang Yang.

[2] Zenkour and Alkhamdi examined static bending analysis of functional graded
layered plates under thermal and mechanical loads.

[3] Carrera et al performed two-dimensional modelling of static stress problems

in multi-layer plates and performed some static analysis and obtained some
results.

[4] the static analysis of a composite laminated plate is investigated under

uniform load by Yusuf Z, Yüksel1 , Şeref D. Akbaş , İlker F. Kara.

[5] Finite Element Analysis of Laminated Composite Cantilever Beam by Piyush

Uniyal and Anadi Misra.

[6] Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials Using Abaqus by Ever J.

Barbero.

4
3.FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The finite element is essentially a product of electronic digital computer age.

Through the approach shares many features common to the numerical
approximations, it possess some advantages with the special facilities offered
by the high speed computers. The Finite Element Method is applicable to wide
range of boundary value problem in engineering. In a boundary value problem,
a solution is sought in the region of body, while the boundaries (or edges) of
the region the value of the department variables(or their derivatives) are
prescribed.

3.2 BASIC CONCEPT OF FINITE ELEMENT

The most distinctive feature of the finite element method that separate it

from others is It divide a given domain into a set of simple sub domains,
called ‘Finite Elements’. Any geometric shape that allow the computation

of the solution or its approximation, or provides necessary relations

among the values of solution at selected points called nodes of the sub
domain, qualifies as a finite element. Exact method provides exact solution
to the problem, but the limitation of this method is that all practical

problems cannot be solved and even if they can be solved, they may have

complex solution. Approximate Analytical Methods are alternative to the

exact methods, in which certain functions are assumed to satisfy the

geometric boundary conditions, but not necessary the governing

5
equilibrium equations. These assumed functions, which similar, are then

solved by any conventional available method. The solutions obtained from

this methods have limited range of values of variables for which the

approximate solution is nearer to the exact solution.

3.3 FINITE ELEMENT APPROACHES

These two different Finite element approaches to analyse structures

namely :-

1-Force Method

2-Displacement Method

FORCE METHOD

The number of forces (shear forces, axial forces & bending moment) is the

basic unknown in the system of equations.

DISPLACEMENT METHOD

The nodal displacement is the basic unknown in the system of equations.

The fundamental concept of finite element method is that is a discrete

model can approximate any continuous quantity such as temperature,

pressure and displacement. The basic of finite element method is to

discrete the entire structure into small element. Nodes or grids define each
element and the nodes serve as a link between the two elements. Then
the continuous quantity is approximated over each element by a

polynomial equation. The gives a system of equations, in which is solved

by using matrix techniques to get the values of the values of the desired

quantities.

6
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 PROCEDURE FOR STATIC ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAYUP BEAM.
Static analysis of cantilever composite layup beam is performed using
Abaqus/CAE2020. A rectangular beam of length=60mm, width=20mm and
thickness=15mm is created using 3D Solid Extrusion command in Abaqus
software. Using partition command rectangular solid is divided into three
layers. Then assign material properties whose values is given in table below.
Created section as homogeneous. Assign material orientation angle for bottom
middle and top layer as 45 ,0 and 90 degrees respectively. Import this part to
assembly. Taking step as static and linear and apply uniform pressure load of
1N/mm2 on top surface of beam by fixing right end surface. Then mesh the part
using global seed command. Create job and submit see the simulation result by
right clicking on job created.

4.2 PROCEDURE FOR STATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE CANTILEVER BEAM.

Static analysis of simple cantilever beam is also carried out by ABAQUS CAE 2020
Software. A rectangular beam of length=60mm, width=20mm and
thickness=15mm is created using 3D Solid Extrusion command in Abaqus
software. Then assign material properties Youngs modulus E=25GPa and
poisons ratio as 0.25. Create and assign section. Import this part to assembly.
Taking step as static and apply uniform pressure load of 1N/mm 2 on top surface
of beam by fixing right end surface. Then mesh the part using global seed
command. Create job and submit see the simulation result by right clicking on
job created.

Properties of material for composite layup cantilever beam:-

Where E1 ,E2 ,E3 ,G12, G13 and G23 are in GPa

7
 E1 E2 E3 V12 V13 V23 G12 G13 G23
25 1 1 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5

5. SIMULATION RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1

Figure Represents loading diagram of composite layup beam.

Figure 2

Figure 2 represents loading diagram of cantilever beam

8
Figure 3

Figure 3 represents values of Strain in cantilever beam.

Figure 4

Figure 4 represents Values of strain in composite beam.

9
Figure 5

Figure 5 represents deflection in cantilever beam.

Figure 6

Figure 6 represents deflection in composite beam.

10
Figure 7

Figure 7 represents Mises stresses in cantilever beam.

Figure 8

Figure 8

Figure 8 represents Mises stresses in composite beam.

11
Figure 9

Figure 9 represents variation of strain along length or x-axis of cantilever beam.

Figure 10

Figure 10 represents variation of strain along length or x-axis of composite

beam.

12
Figure 11

Figure 11 represents variation of deflection in cantilever beam along length or

x-axis.

Figure 12

Figure 12 represents variation of deflection in composite beam along length or

x-axis.

13
Figure 13

Figure 13 represents variation of Mises stresses in cantilever beam along

length or X-axis.

Figure 14

Figure 14 represents variation of Mises stresses in composite beam along

length or x-axis.

14
Figure 15

Figure 15 represents variation of transverse shear stress S12 along x-axis in the
composite beam.

Figure 16

Figure 16 represents variation of transverse shear stress S 13 along x-axis in the

composite beam.

15
Figure 17

Figure 17 represents variation of transverse shear stress S 23 along x-axis in the

composite beam.

Figure 18

Figure 18 Material orientation of composite beam.

16
RESULT TABLE FOR COMPOSITE BEAM -

Parameter Max Value Min. Value

S11 443.5 -231.3
S12 1.75 -21.56
S13 12.5 -3.03
S23 1.303 -5.893
S33 8.063 -6.439
Mises 427.3 0.0109
E11 1.736*10-5 -9.188*10-6
E12 3.502*10-6 -4.312*10-5
E13 2.501*10-6 -6.06*10-5
E22 2.844*10-5 -3.65*10-5
E23 6.51*10-6 -2.95*10-5
E33 7.35*10-6 -7.32*10-6
U 0.0033 0.000

RESULT TABLE FOR SIMPLE CANTILEVER BEAM-

Maximum value Minimum value
Strains (E) 1.649*10-6 9.757*10-10
Displacement(U) 2.512*10-4 0.00
Mises stress(S) 39.15 0.0629

17
DISCUSSION
Figure 1 represents loading diagram of the simple composite beam and Figure
2 for composite beam. After simulation by abaqus I Found the values of stresses
strain and deflection of different points on the two beams are listed in result
table 1 and result table 2. The maximum and mimimum values of Strain for
composite beam is greater than simple cantilever beam but values are
comparable. Similarly maximum and mimimum values of deflection in both
beams are also comparable. This is also true for Mises stresses. Where Strains
are shown in figure 3 and figure 4, deflections are shown in figure 5 and figure 6
and Mises stresses are shown in figure 7 and figure 8. Figure 9 and figure 10
shows the variation of strains in both beams along longitudional direction ie
along x-axix of beam for choosen paths. The choosen paths are opposite and
graphs shows that strains at free end are zero and maximuim at the fixed end.
Similarly Figures 11 and 12 shows the variation of displacement of both beam
along x-axis along choosen path. Graphs shows that displacement at at fixed end
is zero and maximum at free ends. Also Figures 13 and 14 shows the variation of
Mises stresses in both beams . Graphs shows that Mises stresses are zero at free
ends and maximum at fixed ends. Figures 15 ,16 and 17 represents the variation
of transverse shear stresses S12 ,S13 and S23 respectively along x-axis .Their
maximum and minimum values are given result table 1. Where S11 Represents
maximum principal stress and S33 represents minimum principal stress. Similarly,
E11 Represents Maximum principal strain and E33 Will represent minimum
principal strain. Figure 18 shows material orientation .Material orientation angle
given for bottom , middle , and top layer are 45o 00 and 90o respectively.

18
7.CONCLUSION
In This paper the static analysis of simple cantilever beam and composite layup
cantilever beam are studied by Abaqus software under similar loading
condotions. This software is used to find out the values of stresses strains and
deflection of these two different beams at different locations. It provides a
convenient method for optimizing the structural material and examining the
applicability of the structural material. The effects of the orientation angle of
layers on the static deflections of the beam is investigated. From simulation
results we have found that Displacement at fixed ends , strains at free ends and
Mises stresses at free ends are zero and these values are comparable for bot
beams . So These facts validates our simulation results.

7.REFERENCES
1. Wen Runsheng Zhang Yang. Simulation of Stress Distribution and Deformation
Analysis for Cantilever I-beams Using ABAQUS.
2. Yusuf Z. Yüksel , Şeref D. Akbaş , İlker F. Kara. Static Analysis of a Composite
Laminated Plate.
3. Barbero E J (2007) Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials, CRC Press,
Boca Raton.
4.Mechanics of composite materials by Jones.
5.Piyush Uniyal, Anadi misra .Finite element analysis of laminated composite
cantilever beam.
6. Mr. Amol P. Kale Dr. S. N. Shelke Static/Modal Analysis of Cantilever beam.

19
20
21