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UTM lec 4 re

Utm

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20 views12 pages

UTM lec 4 re

Utm

Uploaded by

dibija4909
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Remote sensing

lecture 4 practical
Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM) Coordinate System

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Datums
• A datum is a known point on Earth’s surface or
within its geometry that we can use as a reference
point for all other locations.
• Because of the irregular shape of the planet, the use
of datums is necessary to portray spatial data as
accurately as possible.
•Examples of datums
• NAD 83 (North
American Datum
1983)
• WGS 1984

2
UTM coordinate system
• The UTM coordinate system is an international locational
reference system that transforms the 3-dimensional world
into a 2- dimensional system. The UTM depends on the
meter unit of measure, and allows users to accurately
identify geographical locations anywhere on the Earth's
surface between 80°S and 84°N latitudes. The remaining
north and south Polar Regions are handled by the Universal
Polar Stereographic (UPS) projection.

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4
UTM

• The UTM coordinate systems are based on the


transverse Mercator map projection that rotates
the cylinder 90 degrees (turned on side), and places
the transversal cylinder tangent to a central
meridian. It flattens the Earth 60 times by shifting
the cylinder 6° for each UTM zone.

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UTM
• The UTM coordinate system uses a 2-dimensional
XY Cartesian coordinate system to give locations on
the surface of the Earth.
• The UTM system divides the Earth between 80°S
and 84°N latitude into 60 zones, each 6° of
longitude in width (up to 800 km). UTM zones are
numbered from 1 to 60, starting at the International
Date Line, longitude 180°. Zone 1 extends from
longitude 180°W to 174°W and is centered on
177°W; zone numbering increases eastward to zone
60 that cover longitude 174 to 180 East.

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• Each zone is divided into horizontal bands spanning
8 degrees of latitude. These bands are lettered,
south to north, beginning at latitude 80°S with the
letter C and ending with the letter X at latitude
84°N. The letters “ I ” and “ O ” are skipped to avoid
confusion with the numbers “ one ” and “ zero ”.
The band lettered X spans 12° of latitude.

8
How to Read UTM coordinates A position on the Earth
is given by the UTM zone number as well as the easting
and northing coordinates in that zone. Example:

• Determine which Zone you are in.


The world is divided into 60 UTM zones
• Determine which Datum to use.
When you are using UTM coordinates, you need to make
sure that your GPS is set to the same datum that you are
using for your coordinates. The most common reference
datum that in use in Iraqi Kurdistan is the World
Geodetic System (WGS) of 1984:
WGS 1984 UTM Zone 38N Datum 9
• Determine the Easting coordinate.
The easting coordinate refers to how far east you are, or
the eastward-measured distance. This x-coordinate
usually found along the top and bottom of the map. If
you are using a GPS, the easting will be the first number
when it is set in UTM mode.
• Determine the Northing coordinate.
The second number in UTM coordinates is called the
northing, and it refers to how far north you are. This y-
coordinate will be found along the right and left of the
map. If you are using a GPS, the northing will be the
second number when it is set in UTM mode.

10
Why Use UTM Coordinates
The UTM coordinate system offers the following benefits:
• The UTM grid is of particular interest to anyone using a
GPS receiver because most models can display locations
in UTM coordinates.
• The UTM system supports many military, scientific, and
surveying applications.
• UTM provides a square grid with constant distance
relationship anywhere on the map. In angular
coordinate systems like latitude and longitude, the
distance covered by a degree of longitude differs as you
move towards the poles and only equals the distance
covered by a degree of latitude at the equator.

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• No negative numbers, UTM values increase from left
to right and bottom to top. No spherical trigonometry
is required!
• No more minutes and seconds to convert. UTM
coordinates are decimal based. The simple numbers
of the UTM grid make plotting precise locations on
maps easier than with the complex degrees, minutes,
and seconds of latitude and longitude.
• All UTM coordinates are measured in metric units.
Now you do not need to remember how many feet
are in a mile, or what's that in yards?

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