UNIT 4: URBANISATION

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. smog B. metro C. policy D. cost
Question 2: A. afford B. trade C. expand D. gradual
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary
stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. convenience B. statistics C. resident D. proportion
Question 4: A. equal B. stable C. public D. expose
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5: The project on expanding the road _________ since it _________ last year.
A. has started / was proposed B. started / was proposed
C. has started / has been proposed D. started / has been proposed
Question 6: The green space in this city is getting _________.
A. small and small B. more small and small
C. smaller and smaller D. small and small more
Question 7: This is the biggest department store that I _________.
A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen
Question 8: _________ the city is, _________ it becomes.
A. More urbanised / more polluted B. The more urbanised / the more polluted
C. More urbanising / more polluting D. The more urbanising / the more polluting
Question 9: Many people in the countryside decided to _________ the city because it is easier to find a job
there.
A. get lost B. settle in C. date back D. go up
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each
of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.
EXPLORE URBAN FUTURES CONFERENCE
Join us for an interesting conference on Urbanisation and the Future of Cities! Don’t miss this opportunity to
inquire key discussions and insights shaping urban development. Here’s what you can expect:
Expert Speakers: (10) _________ with renowned urban planners, architects, and policymakers.
Interactive Workshops: Hands-on sessions to explore innovative urban solutions.
Networking Opportunities: Connect with professionals and (11) _________ in the field.
Cutting-edge Topics: Explore sustainability, smart cities, and community development.
Q&A Sessions: Get answers (12) _________ your burning urbanisation questions.
Save the date: March 24th
Location: Tran Phu Venue, Nam Cao street, Thai Binh province.
Limited spots available. Reserve yours now!
Question 10: A. Engaging B. To engage C. Engage D. Engaged
Question 11: A. enthusiasm B. enthusiastic C. enthusia D. enthusiasts
Question 12: A. on B. to C. from D. in
URBANISATION WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Recap of the Urbanisation Workshop, (13) _________ dynamic event about insightful discussions and practical
insights:
Diverse Perspectives: Participants brought diverse experiences and enriched the conversation.
Keynote Addresses: Experts highlighted urbanisation trends, challenges, and opportunities.
Interactive Sessions: Engaging workshops explored (14) _________ urban planning and design.
Community Engagement: Emphasis on involving communities in decision-making for inclusive development
Networking Success: Attendees connected, promoted collaborations (15) _________ future urban projects.
Stay tuned for more events about the future of our cities!
Question 13: A. an B. the C. a D. Ø (no article)
Question 14: A. sustain B. sustainability C. sustainably D. sustainable
Question 15: A. for B. from C. at D. in
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the
sentences to make a meaningful paragraph/ letter in each of the following questions.
Question 16:
a. Firstly, improving public transportation can relieve traffic congestion and reduce air pollution.
b. By combining these strategies, cities aim to minimise the bad effects of rapid urbanisation.
c. Lastly, community involvement in urban planning allows residents to voice their concerns and contribute to
decisions that affect their neighbourhoods.
d. In response to the negative impacts of urbanisation, various plans are being developed to create more
sustainable and livable cities.
e. Secondly, the construction of green spaces within urban areas can enhance the overall well-being of residents
by providing recreational areas and improving air quality.
A. c-a-b-e-d B. d-a-e-c-b C. e-a-c-d-b D. d-c-e-a-b
Question 17:
a. Additionally, there’s a focus on creating more green spaces within cities, contributing to a healthier
environment.
b. Firstly, the government is actively promoting sustainable practices, encouraging eco- friendly construction,
and enhancing public transportation to reduce congestion.
c. I hope this information is useful for you.
d. Take care,
e. Dear Phuong,
Hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to share some interesting news about urban development policies
in Viet Nam.
f. It’s impressive to see how these policies aim to balance urban growth with environmental considerations.
A. e-b-a-c-f-d B. e-a-b-c-f-d C. e-b-a-d-f-c D. e-b-a-f-c-d
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each
of the numbered blanks from 18 to 23.
Yet urbanisation also presents many human development challenges. (18) _________ nearly 40 percent of the
world’s urban expansion may be in slums, worsening economic disparities and unsanitary conditions. Rapid
urbanisation is also linked to environmental concerns and many cities located in coastal areas or on river
banks (19) _________ natural disasters such as storms, cyclones and floods. Likewise, poor urban infrastructure
- such as unreliable power systems, (20) _________ and poor public transport, inefficient ports and inadequate
schools - reduces cities’ competitiveness and economic prospects.
So not all urbanisation is positive, especially if it is unplanned. (21) _________, policymakers will have to
address a few key issues.
(22) _________, more than two-thirds of the world’s population is projected to be living in urban areas. This
rapid increase will take place mainly in developing countries. Africa and Asia - (23) _________ - will have the
fastest urban growth rates. Africa’s urban population is projected to jump from 40 percent today to 56 percent
by 2050, and Asia’s from 48 percent to 64 percent.
Question 18: A. It estimates that B. Estimated that
C. It is estimated that D. Estimating that
Question 19: A. may also be vulnerable to B. may be vulnerable also for
C. may be vulnerable also to D. may also be vulnerable for
Question 20: A. congest roads B. congesting roads C. congested roads D. congestion roads
Question 21: A. Be able to fully capitalise on the opportunity
B. Being able to fully capitalise on the opportunity
C. Able to fully capitalise on the opportunity
D. To be able to fully capitalise on the opportunity
Question 22: A. For 2050 B. By 2050 C. Of 2050 D. From 2050
Question 23: A. still both less urbanised than other regions
B. both still less urbanised than other regions
C. both other regions still less urbanised than
D. both still urbanised less than other regions
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each
of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.
More than 1 billion people live in housing (24) _________ is below minimum standards of comfort and
sanitation, and new houses will have to be built for 3 billion people by 2030.
Investing in essential infrastructure propels growth and human development. There (25) _________ some
progress in narrowing the infrastructure deficit in recent decades, but much more needs to be done. Good
planning and sound management is needed to manage this. National and local governments need to become
more strategic in responding (26) _________ the full range of challenges and opportunities posed by rapid
urbanisation. This can be done by formulating a national urbanisation (27) _________ as a first step to help to
identify urban development priorities, shape plans and better coordinate actions by all the actors involved,
including the private sector.
There is, (28) _________ no one-size-fits-all urban strategy. Urban policy priorities and choices depend on a
variety of factors - including the scale, speed and source of urbanisation, the size of cities and the stage of urban
development.
Question 24: A. who B. that C. when D. why
Question 25: A. is B. will be C. was D. has been
Question 26: A. on B. of C. to D. in
Question 27: A. strategy B. reality C. conclusion D. reduction
Question 28: A. therefore B. despite C. although D. however
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions from 29 to 33.
For the first time in history more than half the world’s population resides in cities. The world’s urban population
now stands at 3.7 billion people, and this number is expected to double by 2050. The trend towards urbanisation
is only getting faster and 96 percent of all urbanisation by 2030 will occur in the developing world. This global
shift toward a more urban global population has profound implications for a wide range of issues including
food, water, and energy consumption. The move towards urban concentration is a fact, and as city life becomes
a reality for an ever- greater share of the world’s population, governments, companies, and civil society must
recognize that they are largely unequipped to deal with city-level problems.
Urban growth presents an opportunity to connect more people to water and electricity, making them healthier
and more productive. It also presents the risk of overwhelming various public goods, including power,
infrastructure, health, and education as these systems adjust to increased demand. Urbanisation can be a
positive, but if poorly managed will only amplify existing challenges. The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West
Africa was an urban phenomenon, and was spread faster by poor municipal level systems, other risks, including
gang violence and extremism leading to terrorism, can become worse in urban settings if not properly
addressed.
Question 29: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Consequences of Urbanization on Global Population
B. Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Urban Growth
C. Rapid Urbanisation: A Change in the 21st Century
D. The Impact of Urban Concentration on Public Services
Question 30: The word “profound” in paragraph 1 is CLOSEST in meaning to _________.
A. unsafe B. hidden C. famous D. significant
Question 31: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. water B. opportunity C. urban growth D. electricity
Question 32: According to the passage, what are some of the risks associated with poorly managed
urbanisation?
A. improved public goods B. decreased food consumption
C. gang violence and terrorism D. decreased urban population
Question 33: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The global urban population is expected to double by 2050
B. 96 percent of all urbanisation by 2030 will occur in developed countries.
C. Urban growth provides an opportunity to connect more people to water and electricity.
D. The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa was an urban phenomenon.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions from 34 to 40.
Urban development and rural emptying are two sides of the same 21 st-century coin, and are global in their
extent. In the 19th and 20th centuries, as populations across the world grew fast, urbanisation processes didn’t
necessarily affect rural regions negatively. Some communities benefited from younger people moving out to
seek employment, education, and marriage in nearby cities, as families often had more children than they could
adequately support.
In the 21st century, however, as family size has shrunk dramatically nearly everywhere, the benefits of a growing
population have come to an end in developed countries.
Japan has led the way in East Asia. In 1974, the Japanese total fertility rate fell below the population
replacement rate of 2.1. Demographers would have known then that, should conditions persist, the country
would eventually slip into depopulation. Sure enough, conditions did persist, and in 2008 Japan registered its
first peacetime population decrease.
Although Tokyo’s population is now 13 million, the Kanto region of which it is the core boasts more than 37
million people - 30% of the whole population of Japan. Elsewhere in the country, hundreds of rural villages
face imminent extinction.
Japan is not unique. Greater Seoul has around 25 million people, nearly half of South Korea’s population in one
urban area with the rest spread out across the rest of the country. And in China, the Pearl River delta
area, which encompasses Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Macau and Guangzhou, counts 100 million people living
within it, while the wider country now boasts 155 cities with more than 1 million population.
Question 34: What would be the suitable title for the passage?
A. East Asia’s Shifting Demographics
B. Biggest Cities in East Asia
C. Urbanization and Its Impact on Population Dynamics in East Asia
D. The Historical Impact of Urbanization
Question 35: What demographic change characterise the 21stcentury urbanisation trend?
A. positive impact on rural regions B. global decline in population growth
C. increased family size D. developed countries’ urban decline
Question 36: The word “persist” in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to _________.
A. refer B. calculate C. continue D. believe
Question 37: What event in 2008 marked a significant demographic change in Japan?
A. Tokyo’s population growth B. rural village expansion
C. Kanto region’s depopulation D. the first peacetime population decrease
Question 38: The word “imminent” in paragraph 4 is CLOSEST in meaning to _________.
A. forthcoming B. important C. reliable D. stable
Question 39: The word “which” in paragraph 5 refers to _________.
A. greater Seoul B. the Pearl River delta area C. China D. country
Question 40: It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. Urbanisation processes have got faster.
B. South Korea does not face the problem of fast urbanisation.
C. The Kanto region is the least populated region in Japan.
D. Smaller families in developed countries are leading to population decline.