PREPARATION FOR GRADUATION EXAM 2025

Module: Mastering Reading Comprehension Gap-Filling Exercises (Grade 12)

Total Duration: 4 Periods (45 minutes each)

PERIOD 1
1. Objectives
By the end of this module, students will:
1. Identify grammatical structures, collocations, and vocabulary essential for
completing gap-filling tasks.
2. Analyze contextual clues to choose the best option for each blank.
3. Apply strategies to answer gap-filling questions quickly and accurately in reading
comprehension exercises.

2. Theoretical Explanation
What are Gap-Filling Exercises?
These exercises assess a student's ability to:
1. Understand Context: Use the overall meaning of the passage to choose suitable
words.
2. Apply Grammar Rules: Choose the correct word form or grammatical structure.
3. Recognize Collocations: Identify common word pairings or fixed expressions.
Key Focus Areas:
1. Grammar:
o Verb forms, tenses, and subject-verb agreement.
o Prepositions and conjunctions for sentence structure.
2. Vocabulary:
o Collocations (e.g., “cut down on emissions”).
o Synonyms and paraphrased meanings.
3. Signal Words:
 o Words that show relationships, e.g., "and," "but," "so," "because."

3. Tips and Tricks

Steps to Approach Gap-Filling Exercises:
1. Skim the Text:
o Quickly read the passage for the main idea.
o Note keywords and repeated ideas.
2. Understand the Blank's Role:
o Ask: Is the blank for a verb, noun, adjective, conjunction, or preposition?
o Predict what might fit before looking at the options.
3. Analyze the Options:
o Eliminate grammatically incorrect or illogical choices.
4. Focus on Context Clues:
o Check surrounding words for hints about tone, tense, or meaning.
o Use signal words (e.g., "not only... but also").
5. Review Before Submitting:
o Ensure your answers fit grammatically and logically.
Example Analysis:
Example Text:
"Reducing meat and dairy consumption not only (8) ________ greenhouse gas emissions
(9) ________ also helps prevent deforestation."
 Blank 8 Options:
A. gets down, B. cuts down, C. breaks up, D. breaks down
o Analysis: "Cuts down" is correct because it is a collocation meaning
"reduces."
 Blank 9 Options:
A. and, B. or, C. so, D. but
o Analysis: "And" is correct because it adds information logically.
4. Lesson Plan

PERIOD 2
Grammar and Vocabulary in Gap-Filling
Activity 1: Guided Practice on Common Grammar Patterns (20 minutes)
 Exercise: Identify appropriate word forms in sentences:
1. She is dedicated ________ (help) the community.
(Answer: to helping)
2. The teacher emphasized the importance of ________ (attend) class
regularly.
(Answer: attending)
Activity 2: Collocation Practice (15 minutes)
 Students match verbs with objects to form correct collocations:
o “cut down” → “emissions”
o “raise” → “awareness”
o “reduce” → “waste”
Activity 3: Mini Gap-Filling Exercise (10 minutes)
Text:
"Single-use plastics are harmful because they are (1) ________ to recycle and often end
up in landfills or oceans."
Options: A. difficult, B. easy, C. possible, D. convenient
(Answer: A. difficult)
More practice Exercises:

Period 1: Grammar and Vocabulary in Gap-Filling

Focus: Understanding grammar patterns and mastering collocations for gap-filling tasks.

Exercise 1: Identify the Correct Word Form

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb or noun in parentheses.

1. She is interested in ________ (volunteer) for environmental projects.

 2. Reducing energy consumption can help ________ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions.
3. The company is committed to ________ (develop) sustainable packaging solutions.
4. They suggested ________ (use) reusable bags instead of plastic ones.
5. We need greater ________ (aware) about the impact of deforestation.

Answers:

1. volunteering
2. reduce
3. developing
4. using
5. awareness

Exercise 2: Match Verbs with Collocations

Instructions: Match the verbs in Column A with the correct objects in Column B to form logical
collocations.

Column A Column B
1. cut down a. solutions
2. raise b. on waste
3. find c. emissions
4. implement d. awareness
5. reduce e. policies

Answers:

1. b (cut down on waste)

2. d (raise awareness)
3. a (find solutions)
4. e (implement policies)
5. c (reduce emissions)

Exercise 3: Correct the Sentence

Instructions: Each sentence below has a mistake. Find the mistake and correct it.

1. The government is finding ways to rising awareness about climate change.

2. She suggested to use solar panels for renewable energy.
3. Reducing plastic waste help protect marine ecosystems.
4. They recommend walking instead of drives short distances.
5. Recycling paper and plastics are important for a sustainable future.
Answers:

1. rising → raising
2. to use → using
3. help → helps
4. drives → driving
5. are → is

Exercise 4: Choose the Correct Option

Instructions: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. The program aims to ________ awareness of environmental issues.

A. rise B. raise C. arise D. risen
2. Single-use plastics are hard to ________.
A. recycling B. recycled C. recycle D. recycles
3. She is committed to ________ renewable energy solutions.
A. promoting B. promote C. promotion D. promotes
4. They encouraged people to ________ less electricity.
A. use B. using C. used D. uses
5. The campaign focuses on ________ waste and reusing materials.
A. reduce B. reduced C. reduces D. reducing

Answers:

1. B. raise
2. C. recycle
3. A. promoting
4. A. use
5. D. reducing

Exercise 5: Sentence Completion

Instructions: Complete each sentence with a logical and grammatically correct phrase.

1. To reduce your carbon footprint, you should ________.

2. Cutting down on waste means ________.
3. Governments play a key role in ________.
4. It is essential to find alternative solutions for ________.
5. Walking or cycling short distances instead of driving helps ________.

Sample Answers:
 1. use public transport or walk more.
2. reducing the amount of trash we produce.
3. implementing policies that encourage green energy.
4. replacing single-use plastics.
5. decrease greenhouse gas emissions.

These exercises target grammar, vocabulary, and collocations, providing students with a solid
foundation for gap-filling tasks.

PERIOD 3
Contextual and Logical Clues
Activity 1: Signal Words in Context (20 minutes)
 Teach students how signal words link ideas.
 Examples:
1. "She is hardworking, ________ she needs encouragement to succeed."
Options: A. but, B. and, C. so, D. or
(Answer: A. but)
Activity 2: Context-Based Exercises (15 minutes)
 Fill in blanks using context clues:
Text:
"Walking to work (1) ________ taking the bus can significantly reduce your
carbon footprint."
Options: A. or, B. and, C. but, D. so
(Answer: B. and)
Activity 3: Group Work (10 minutes)
 In groups, students analyze a paragraph and explain their answers.

More Practice Exercises for Period 2: Contextual and Logical Clues

Objective: Help students practice identifying contextual and logical clues to choose the best
option for gap-filling tasks.
Exercise 1: Choosing the Correct Conjunction

Complete the sentences with the most suitable conjunction.

1. He is an excellent student, ________ he struggles with time management.

A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or
(Answer: B. but)
2. The new law aims to reduce emissions ________ promote renewable energy use.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. because
(Answer: B. and)
3. You must study hard, ________ you will fail the exam.
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. and
(Answer: B. or)
4. The teacher arrived late, ________ the students had already left.
A. because
B. so
C. although
D. but
(Answer: B. so)
5. They decided to stay indoors ________ it was raining heavily outside.
A. because
B. and
C. or
D. but
(Answer: A. because)

Exercise 2: Understanding Context Clues

Fill in the blanks with the correct option based on the context.

1. Recycling helps reduce waste and (1) ________ the amount of garbage sent to landfills.
A. increases
B. lowers
C. raises
D. elevates
(Answer: B. lowers)
 2. Walking to work instead of driving can greatly (2) ________ your carbon footprint.
A. increase
B. maximize
C. minimize
D. generate
(Answer: C. minimize)
3. The forest fire caused significant damage, destroying homes and (3) ________ wildlife
habitats.
A. preserving
B. restoring
C. protecting
D. ruining
(Answer: D. ruining)
4. The community launched a campaign to (4) ________ awareness about climate change.
A. raise
B. lift
C. create
D. build
(Answer: A. raise)
5. You should consider using public transport (5) ________ it reduces pollution.
A. because
B. but
C. so
D. or
(Answer: A. because)

Exercise 3: Signal Words Practice

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences with appropriate signal words.

1. They turned off the lights to save electricity, ________ their energy bill was lower that
month.
A. so
B. but
C. because
D. and
(Answer: A. so)
2. The team worked hard on the project, ________ they failed to meet the deadline.
A. but
B. or
C. so
D. because
(Answer: A. but)
3. She decided to walk to work (1) ________ it was a sunny day.
A. because
 B. and
C. but
D. so
(Answer: A. because)
4. You can either recycle these materials, ________ throw them away.
A. and
B. or
C. because
D. but
(Answer: B. or)
5. He forgot to bring his umbrella, ________ he got soaked in the rain.
A. because
B. but
C. so
D. and
(Answer: C. so)

Exercise 4: Multiple Blank Practice

Complete the paragraph with the best options.

Text:
Deforestation is a major environmental issue. It destroys habitats, contributes to climate change,
and (1) ________ soil erosion. Governments must implement policies to stop illegal logging (2)
________ promote sustainable land use. Individuals can also play a role by (3) ________
products made from recycled materials.

1. A. prevents B. causes C. avoids D. reduces

(Answer: B. causes)
2. A. and B. but C. so D. or
(Answer: A. and)
3. A. reusing B. recycling C. buying D. creating
(Answer: C. buying)

Exercise 5: Group Discussion Gap-Filling

Instruction: In groups, analyze the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with suitable options and
explain your reasoning to the class.

Text:
Pollution affects every part of our planet. It harms wildlife, damages ecosystems, and (1)
________ human health. To combat this problem, we must adopt cleaner energy sources (2)
________ reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Small actions, like (3) ________ waste and conserving
water, can make a big difference.

1. A. improves B. benefits C. jeopardizes D. strengthens

(Answer: C. jeopardizes)
2. A. but B. and C. so D. or
(Answer: B. and)
3. A. reducing B. increasing C. using D. producing
(Answer: A. reducing)

These exercises provide a variety of practice opportunities while focusing on contextual

understanding and logical connections, enabling students to master gap-filling tasks effectively.

PERIOD 4
Full-Length Gap-Filling Practice
Activity 1: Timed Practice (30 minutes)
Text:
"Protecting the environment requires collective effort. For example, individuals should
(1) ________ waste by reusing and recycling materials. Governments should also
implement policies (2) ________ promote renewable energy use."
1. A. increase, B. reduce, C. create, D. stop
(Answer: B. reduce)
2. A. which, B. who, C. where, D. that
(Answer: D. that)
Activity 2: Review and Discuss (15 minutes)
 Students present their reasoning for each answer, focusing on context and
grammar.


More Pratice Exercise for Period 3: Full-Length Gap-Filling Practice.

These exercises will test the students' ability to apply all the skills they've learned so far in a
comprehensive, timed context.
Exercise 1: Understanding Context and Collocations

Text:
"To help save the environment, it is important to make small but (1) ________ changes in our
daily lives. For example, we should avoid buying products with (2) ________ packaging, which
contributes to plastic waste. Instead, we can choose (3) ________ alternatives like reusable bags
and bottles."

1. (A) unnecessary, (B) significant, (C) negligible, (D) visible

2. (A) excessive, (B) minimal, (C) recycled, (D) biodegradable
3. (A) eco-friendly, (B) harmful, (C) luxurious, (D) single-use

Answers:

1. (B) significant
2. (A) excessive
3. (A) eco-friendly

Exercise 2: Conjunctions and Sentence Flow

Text:
"Many people are aware of the need to reduce carbon emissions, (1) ________ they often fail to
take action. While some try to make small changes, others (2) ________ to consider the long-
term impact of their decisions. (3) ________ we all need to work together to tackle climate
change."

1. (A) so, (B) because, (C) although, (D) and

2. (A) refuse, (B) struggle, (C) manage, (D) attempt
3. (A) However, (B) Therefore, (C) Moreover, (D) Despite

Answers:

1. (C) although
2. (A) refuse
3. (B) Therefore

Exercise 3: Prepositions and Verb Forms

Text:
"The government should invest (1) ________ renewable energy sources to reduce dependence
(2) ________ fossil fuels. Additionally, it is important to raise awareness (3) ________ the
negative effects of pollution on human health."

1. (A) in, (B) on, (C) to, (D) for

2. (A) in, (B) on, (C) to, (D) at
3. (A) about, (B) of, (C) for, (D) at

Answers:

1. (A) in
2. (B) on
3. (A) about

Exercise 4: Verb Forms and Subject-Verb Agreement

Text:
"While many people believe that the future of the planet is uncertain, scientists have (1)
________ that immediate action can still reverse some of the damage caused by climate change.
By reducing emissions and conserving natural resources, individuals can (2) ________ a positive
impact on the environment."

1. (A) proven, (B) proven, (C) prove, (D) proved

2. (A) make, (B) makes, (C) making, (D) made

Answers:

1. (B) proven
2. (A) make

Exercise 5: Sentence Structure and Logical Flow

Text:
"Although recycling is a critical component of waste management, it is not enough (1) ________
protect the environment. (2) ________, we must reduce waste at the source by cutting back on
consumption and supporting sustainable practices. (3) ________ is the responsibility of both
individuals and corporations."

1. (A) to, (B) in order to, (C) for, (D) by

2. (A) Therefore, (B) Furthermore, (C) Nevertheless, (D) Consequently
3. (A) It, (B) This, (C) That, (D) These

Answers:
 1. (B) in order to
2. (A) Therefore
3. (B) This

Review of Answers (15 minutes)

 After completing the exercises, students should review the answers in pairs or groups.
 Encourage them to discuss why each answer is correct, focusing on vocabulary choices,
grammatical structures, and the context of the sentence.

These 5 exercises will help reinforce the skills of identifying proper collocations, understanding
sentence structure, and applying grammatical rules to correctly fill in the blanks.

Assessment:
At the end of the module, students will:
 Complete a 10-question gap-filling exercise.
 Score at least 8/10 to demonstrate mastery.
This detailed plan ensures students develop a clear understanding of the skills needed to
excel in gap-filling exercises.

Important note: The content and teaching approach in this lesson will be adapted
to align with students' level of understanding, ensuring an inclusive and effective
learning experience.

THE END