Topic Matches: [#1 - 87] / 87

1. This relation, which also might be interpreted as a sort of versioning,

has to be recorded explicitly in the data model, otherwise a
comparison of the real situation with the previous planning or
prediction would not be supported. The classification according to the
state is orthogonal with respect to the other structuring types (esp.
the object structuring and hierarchy) and to the distinction between
above and below ground. Whereas actual objects may have several
versions, the future objects are unique: there is one and only one
version of planned objects (released by the markscheiders).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

2. 1 Introduction Among the mandatory properties for object data

models several structural properties such as the need of a rich typing
system, support of inheritance, and of complex and composite
objects have been already identified [1), [2). Emphasis has also been
placed on modeling object behavior where traditionally meth ods
have been used to operate on the state of objects and, thus,
represent behavior. More recently, it has been suggested to in
corporate rules within the object model for expressing additional
object behavior very much in the same way that active data val ues
and daemons are used in knowledge-based systems utilizing frame
concepts [2).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

3. There are several suggestions to extend SQL by transitive closure

functions which support- nested objects [~. This article presents
another app roach: - The implementation of the DOAG structure as
rela tional tables is kept. - The relations are transformed to
appropriate dynamic data structures.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

In other words, the expert is fully responsible for the definition of the
4.
CBR sys- tem’s vocabulary knowledge. In this section we want to
show how a little of this knowledge implicitly encoded into the domain
vocabulary can be exploited to support the learning of similarity
 measures. We focus on two specific forms of symbolic data types
whose domains can be organised in a structured way: taxonomic
symbolic and ordered symbolic data types.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

By following this organizational structure only the in- cident

5.
commander ( IC) is equipped by the hands-free information support
based on CAKE because he or she is in charge of the incident and of
several fire fighters whose number depends on the incident’s size.
The responsibilities of the IC comprise infor- mation gathering,
decision making, and keeping contact to the headquarters, the
control center to which the IC has a connection via radio. The fire
fighters report to the IC and carry out his or her commands.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

6. 5 Summary and Outlook In this paper we showed how Web

Intelligence can be used for extracting data automatically from semi-
structured web sites to obtain competitor information for decision
support by using the architecture of the Lixto software. The result of
the process, a structured XML file, can be used by a Business
Intelligence system. We took a closer look at a business scenario for
the company Pirelli, where we described the data upload into Pirelli’s
BI system via an Oracle 9 database.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

These indexing techniques can be classified as indexing schemes for

7.
class hierarchies, for nested object hierarchies, and for complex
object hierarchies. There are indexing schemes for complex object
hierarchies such as the single class index and the class hierarchy
index, but with these indexing schemes, we need traversal to get the
result of a query. In this paper, we propose a hybrid indexing
technique called a generalized index which can support complex
object hierarchies as well as other hierarchical structures without
traversal.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

 Also, the case studies revealed that the organizational level can only
8.
benefit from the learning of project teams if the knowledge and
reasoning behind the process improvements is converted into such
an explicit format that it can be utilized for learning in organizational
level also. Thus, this paper illustrates how these deprivations were
accomplished in the case projects with the support of a structured
template.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

To support abstract data types, we allow the definition of arbitrarily

9.
complex structures, with associated user-defined functions. To iden
tify semantics-preserving transformations on expressions involving
arbitrary functions, is a hard task. Each function is defined by an
equational specification with an initial interpretation (9).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

This project is supported by the ’ KI· Yerbund North Rhine-

10.
Westphalia’, fo ... n~ed by the Minister for Science and Research of
North Rhine-Westphalia withm the framework of the co-operation ’
Applications of AI’, This program became rather complex, because it
contained a lot of coded knowledge about the structure of and the
access on stored data. Since the FASTBUS project would possibly be
an application of co-operating XPS, this sort of knowledge must ~.
available to other XPS [8]. To enable access to knowledge, It IS
necessary that the knowledge is explicitly stored and that retrieval
operators for the stored knowledge are available.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

A convenient data structure has to be as compact as possible, and to

11.
support access paths corresponding to different types of
manipulation. A bitmap-compatible structure seems to be an at
tractive solution. Quadtree [16,17] is such a structure, which provides
an interesting technique to code images in a compact way [4].

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

 In traditional Hypertext systems, in contrast with conventional in
12.
formation systems, there is almost no conceptual description of the
stored data. The weaknesses of such an approach have been discus
sed by several authors ([7][15]). There seems to be a growing need
to be able to support a conceptual description in relation with
Hypertext or documents, especially the combination of structured
documents with Hypertext applications looks promising.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Units of Description: Workflows vs. Situations. From an ICT

13.
perspective, work- flows are an important instrument to automate and
to support structured tasks in busi- ness processes. It is commonly
agreed in the literature that knowledge work does not fit into the
category of structured work as it can be characterized by a high
degree of

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

With this combination, the communication about the individual

14.
information objects is supported and initiates the transformation of
the information basis into a knowledge basis by easing the access to
relevant information using the digitized communication structures to
access the information sources.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Database management systems can model complex real world

15.
situations, but do not have "the single coherent inter face to the
database which is the hallmark of hypertext"[l]. In this paper, we
propose a general hypertext-based documentation support system,
InterSect, which uses an object oriented data base as an information
repository to support both the definition and manipulation of complex
document structures. This proto type provides both hypertext and
database views of documents, together with a versioning mechanism
driven by a user defined schema for the overall document structure.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

 best practices for system operation (hardware, software etc.) and
16.
support to users 23o Knowledge about the types of software
developed in the organization 25o Organization best practices for
reuse of software items 26o References to technological
developments in Software Engineering 26o Reports on the lessons
learned by the software industry 28o Knowledge about the critical
organizational areas to the achievement of organizational objectives
29o Organization historical data related to product metrics 30o
References. to theoretical knowledge about Software Engineering
31o Knowledge about the organization’s restrictions and about its
weaknesses and strengths 32o Organization historical data related to
quality assurance 33o Organization historical data related to process
metrics 34o Knowledge about the organizational processes 35o
Knowledge about the mission of the organization 36o Organization
best practices for configuration management 37o Organization best
practices for risk management. 38o Knowledge about organizational
guidelines and standards 39o Answers for the most frequent
questions made by organization software developers 40o
Representation of the organizational structure 41o Knowledge about
the organizational processes of client companies 42o Organization
best practices for the process of supplying software products 43o
Representation of the organizational structure of client companies
44o Knowledge about the allocation of client.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The requirements posed by this area on a DBPL can be sum-

17.
marized as follows: It should support heterogeneous data structures,
it should support a general general reference mechanism, it should
support (declarative) aggregation of objects, and it should support
querying the database both by physical aggre gation and by
predicates over individual document properties.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

In the development of diagnostic strategies, the diagnosti cian has to

18.
be supported to express newly acquired (meta )knowledge. Rules
provide this kind of support. The di agnostician is able to combine
attributes from predefined objects to new structures and integrate
them into new al gorithms for computation.
 Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

INTEGRATION OF DATABASE AND HYPERTEXTUAL TECHNOLOGIES

19.
IN DESIGNING A CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM A. CASANOVA
* * Clinica Medica, Universita’ di Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 8,
09124CAGUARI ( ITALY) ABSTRACT This paper presents a Clinical
Information System ( CIS) architecture which has the ability to
integrate different functions performed by autonomous clini cal
structures. The basic idea is the use of hypertex tual technologies, in
order to model an effective management of complex objects (medical
informa tion) which interact in the context of hierarchical structures
(clinical departments). The relational data bases are shown to
provide a reasonable platform to implement the presented
architecture as well as to support medical information retrieval.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Based on a flow-chart description of the planning process it supports

20.
a systematic construction of mine structures, avoiding faults and
omissions, and identifIes critical points in the design. The system is
implemented with Nexpert Object, having a SQL interface to
databases, but no interface to FORTRAN. Since most of the programs
in the domain mine planning are implemented in FORTRAN 77 and
the data are structured accordingly a database is necessary
providing access to the existing geometric data via a SQL interface.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

21. One of our goal is to have a data model that can be used to support
a rule based language with object-oriented flavors. Meta variables
hide the structural difference between type and its subtypes, thus
clear the way for the unification algo rithm, which, at current form,
can not handle predicates with different numbers of arguments.
Through meta variables, a type and its subtypes have the same
structure at a higher level, which makes inheritance staightforward.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Our first experiment with InterSect shows that the extended hypertext
22.
data model can support both the modelling of the application and the
 hypertext structure of instances. We benefit from the mechanisms of
the object oriented datanbase management sys tem, especially the
version mechanism and complex entity type definition mechanism.
We are following this experimental approach because we would like
to find out practically how object oriented database can support
hypertext systems and how such a combination can be used as a
solution to solve some of the problems of the next generation
hypermedia systems pro posed by Halasz[2].

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

23. A key enabler for the Semantic Web is online onto- logical support for
data, information and knowledge exchange. Given the exponential
growth of the infor- mation available online, automatic processing is
vital to the task of managing and maintaining access to that
information. Used to describe the structure and seman- tics of
information exchange, ontologies are seen to play a key role in areas
such as knowledge management, B2B e-commerce and other such
burgeoning electronic initiatives.

document ontology2.pdf

Modeling at task level aims at identifying and designing ways to

24.
support knowl- edge-intensive tasks of individuals. In PROMOTE for
example, “knowledge proc- esses” are assigned to knowledge-
intensive tasks of business processes. They represent workflows that
automate structured sub-tasks of knowledge-intensive tasks (e.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

ths; it supports hi-directional access over object references; it should

25.
support efficient manipulation of large graph-like data structures.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

26. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: First we

introduce PFE and some key problems related to knowledge
management. Then we describe Communities of Practice and
explain why we see it as an interesting approach to address the
problems. In Sections 4 and 5 we explain our proposed techniques;
firstly the set of responsibilities (roles) that will benefit the
 organization of the communities and subsequently a proposed
scheme for supporting change management of evolving assets.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

27. The workflow perspective assumes that workflows are generally

appropriate to model and to support knowledge work in business
processes, at least fragments or parts of it. Some approaches
expand and enrich workflows to support knowledge- intensive
business processes, examples are ad-hoc or flexible workflows [35]
as well as weakly structured workflows [41]. Other approaches
conceptualize knowledge processes ([18], [27]), postulate closed
cycles of knowledge-oriented tasks [16] or generic knowledge
processes [42].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

28. 6 Conclusions and Further Studies This paper demonstrates that

integrating WFM and CCBR contributes towards more agility in WFM,
sharing many of the lean and agile principles and values. The gap
between highly structured business processes and weakly structured
ones can be bridged by taking advantage of the synergies between
traditional WFM and CCBR. Adaptability and flexibility are provided by
supporting run-time modifications to the workflow model and by
rapidly incorporating the results of the learning processes into
subsequent workflow executions.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 2 The Notion of Supported Communication This section introduces
29.
the approach to support the communicative processes between
those persons that have a question and those who actually have a
solution in order to support the process of knowledge acquisition and
distribution. The intention is not to replace established methods of
knowledge transfer and acquisition, but to support them by means of
IT-based systems that rely on digitized information structures.
Afterwards the conceptual architecture is described that shows how
the established communication-oriented knowledge distribution
processes can be supported by the use of information technology.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

a substantial portion of knowledge work can be described, structured

30.
and supported with workflows situational perspective

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The algorithms of ontological alignment can detect semantically

31.
equivalent and distinct terms [75,76]. The next advantage of formal
ontologies is supported by inference machines. A formal ontology
expresses information and knowledge explicitly, but specific
knowledge can be hidden inside its structure.

Formal Ontologies in Information Systems.pdf

32. By loosely structured we mean that it is hard or impossible to pre-

determine the necessary activities and their ordering in the
processes. Secondly, we are trying to solve integration not through
combining systems, but through finding a conceptual view that
covers both business process support and knowledge management.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Relational database systems have proven very successful in

33.
business data processing applications. The primary reason of this
success is that they provide a simple table-view of data and impose
little preconceived structures. However, current relational database
 systems cannot efficiently support repetitive access of large amounts
of data required by CAD application programs.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

34. On the implementation side, the hybrid KEE system's frame con cept
supports object-oriented programming, while it's rule based
component allows navigation across explicitly repre sented
relationships between objects. Concluding: in this phase an
application domain expert builts up a structurally object-oriented
model of the application domain, starting from the basis of database
information given. The formal frame for this building up process is
given in the notation of Predicate/ Transition Nets ( Pr/T nets) ([6, 7]).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Negotiation-based alignment strategies support the resolution of

35.
those conflicts. As a result, ideas, structure objects, and concrete
hypermedia chunks can be confirmed, modified or withdrawn.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Knowledge, Action, and Context: Impact on Knowledge Management

36.
599 only have pointed at the structural similarity of both concepts [8].
The present study will show that both concepts are based on the
same footing, namely in- tentional action, supporting Ryle’s and
Polanyi’s view.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

37. Conclusions Unlike a relational database whose schema can be

viewed as a set of independent relations, the schema of an object-
oriented database consists of different types of hierarchical
structures. Therefore, given a query against such a database, we
may encounter many different types of query graphs, such as a
single class query graph, a class hierarchy query graph, a nested
object query graph, and a hybrid query graph. Thus, an indexing
scheme for object-oriented databases must be able to provide
efficient support for a variety of query types.
 Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

5 Conclusion We have shown, that the development of hypermedia

38.
documents is effectively supported by the integration of a knowledge
base system and a hypermedia system. The knowledge base
maintains a conceptual model which formally structures the informal
ideas contained in the document. This formal structure is used to
detect conflicts raised during the development process.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

The remainder of this article is structured as follows: Section 2

39.
reviews in short the mentioned strategies on exploiting background
knowledge to improve the learning process. For more details on that
topic the reader is referred to [5,4]. In Section 3 we introduce new
concepts on the utilisation of vocabulary knowledge, which may be
implicitly contained in the domain model of the CBR system’s
respective application, as a promising source to support the learning
process.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

40. Clustering concerns the procedure structure of Prolog programs, i. e.

the code for all rules of a procedure is stored on the same cluster (as
long as the procedure code size is less than the clu ster size).
Additionally, the implemented clustering algorithm supports a depth-
first left-to-right proof strategy by preferably putting the left-most
successor procedure on the same cluster as a given procedure.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

41. The Design of an Efficient Data Structure for Manipulating Data in an

Image DataBase System A. Touir Ecole Nationale Superieure des
Telecommunications 46, rue Barrault - 75013 Paris - FRANCE e-mail:
{touir}@inf.enst.fr Abstract: This paper reports the design of
the Inverted Quadtree, a dynamic index structure for image
database. The set of the inserted images are stored in a way that
permits to perform content-oriented retrieval. The content search
manipulates directly the bitmap representation of the image, so this
structure support the pattern searching.
 Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

The organization of this paper is as follows. Section 2 presents a

42.
generalized indexing model for efficient support of a variety of
structures in OODBS. In Section 3, we discuss our assumptions and
we derive the cost expressions for queries using a single class index,
a class hierarchy index, and a generalized index, respectively.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

43. statements for a single request. The semantics of interac tive queries
can be better supported by allowing a certain kind of abstraction from
the specific object structures.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

44. Simon, H.: The structure of ill-structured problems. Artificial

Intelligence (1973) 181–201 20. Bernstein, A.: How can cooperative
work tools support dynamic group processes? bridging the specificity
frontier.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Through this modeling approach we seek to facilitate the design of

45.
systems capable of provid- ing a personalized, proactive and timely
and knowledge support to human business actors. The remaining of
this paper is structured as follows: section 2 reviews related work on
context and role-based modeling, section 3 defines the core
concepts of our work, section 4 presents the proposed modeling
approach. Section 5 illustrates some of these ideas.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Goals. According to the scenario above, and the fact that there is still
46.
a lack of frameworks for comprehensive representa tion of medical
knowledge supporting diagnosis (see below), we developed a
medical knowledge base which provides structures to represent the
entire medical knowl edge, regardless of the original diagnostic
problem domain, supports not only the static description of diseases,
symp toms, etc., but also the process of medical diagnosis ( Le.
 access by symptoms, diseases, signs, etc.), and takes into account
severa.! entry points for a variety of med ical tasks, which have to be
presented to the user by an appropriate user interface.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

So far, we have only dealt with generalization. Our model supports

47.
also object sharing and indeed we find that our classes need this
feature. Let's start from the logical structure.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

2 Hierarchy Translation into Nested Relations 2.1 Nested Relations In

48.
the past years much attention has been paid to structured relations.
The deficiencies of the relational model for supporting complex object
applications are well documented. This has lead to the development
of more general data models, in particular the nested relational data
model that generalizes the flat relational model by allowing relation
valued attributes.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

On the other side, from these interactions emerges an objective

49.
structure (interaction con- text) which provides rules and resources
that simultaneously support the reproduction of social practices and
constrain subject interactions.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

General transitive closures are a convenient operation for processing

50.
recursive structures with relational langua ges, because they are
easy to understand, efficiently to im plement and expressive enough
to support a broad range of practical applications. To further extend
the expressi veness of general transitive closures, we study the use
of aggregate functions together with general transitive clo sures.
While general transitive closures are restricted to express linear
recursion, general transitive closures with aggregate functions can be
used to express some nonlinear recursions too.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

 Therefore, the additional requirements posed upon a DBPL are: it
51.
should support ADTs for interfacing and query optimization; it should
support management of replicated data structures with different
representations.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Covering Characteristics of Clinical Guidelines and Workflow Models:

52.
The pathway meta model covers guideline specific concepts such as
rule based structures for decision support (e. g. for evaluation of
actions, pre/post conditions and pathway goals) and concepts that
are specific for workflows like costs and resources (e. g. staff, rooms
and devices with number and duration or the patients presence, if
needed).

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

53. THE HYPERTEXT OF HtRnt8 The structure With reference to the

abstract structure of the documents, it turned out natural to organize
the hypertext on three types of cards: one Coat of arms card, which
contains the arms image and some essential informations (family's
name, arms's description, residence, supports, crests, mottoes and
titles) made according to the heraldic grammar; one Historical News
card, which contains the historical news pertinent to the family; one
Additions card, which may act as a repository of users’ annotations.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

In integrating object-oriented features with deductive lan guage,

54.
method definition and method inheritance are the key issues. The
introduction of meta variables makes objects in a class having the
uniform structures. This is the most im portant support for a query
model with methods and method inheritance.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Related research: Also in [3,10,11,12,13], integration of KMS with BPS

55.
is discussed. The main observation is that business processes are
context-giving, structuring elements prevalent in most organizations
making the integration of KMS with business process support systems
 natural. Our basic ideas on the needs of integrating KM and BPS, and
providing a combination of experience-

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

56. Introduction The large variety and complexity of the commercial

software packages offered to support the production planning and
control function ( PPC) requires a difficult expert evaluation of these
packages in order to cover the needs of a particular manufacturing
firm. The selection problem derives from the lack of slandardisation
out of a large variety of different types of manufacturing settings and
the lack of know-how on behalf of the potential buyers as to the real
capabilities of PPC software packages. It is suggested here that an
industry-specific PPC software evaluation procedure should be
developed, based on the knowledge domain of production
management theory about the needs of the utilizing production
system, according to its charac teristic structures and processes (e.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

57. 4 Requirements for an information system It was demonstrated in the

previous chapter, that the actual situation in mining information
management practise is characterized by a great variety of
heterogeneous, special purpose application programs, each using its
own data and a tailored data structuring. The resulting redundancy
and semantic overlapping of data stored in various file structures not
only cause problems regarding data availability and compatibility, but
also the risk of undetected inconsistencies between them. In order to
improve the technical support for markscheiders, it seems
indispensable to develop an integrated information system
coordinating all relevant data management tasks for the different
planning and assessment activities (cf. [8], [9], [3]).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

58. Figure 5: eoA UTHOR 1001 To support the annotation phase of the
group model, the tool provides menu items for attaching positive or
negative comments to objects (ideas, structures etc.) or relations and
for introducing alternatives to existing objects. Each comment
consists of a brief description (the label of the comment object when
 it is displayed within the tool) and possibly some existing document
which contains a more elaborated version of the comment.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

59. Recognizing the success of the relational model, many researchers

have sought to extend that model to include support for more com
plex data structures. One attraction of an extended relational model
is that existing ideas on query optimization can be adapted to work
on the more complex data structures [15]. Deductive rules can also
be handled in this framework.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

60. 1 Introduction Hypertext and hypermedia [ yHMD88, Hala88,

HaKa88, etc.] are based on a network or a graph data struc ture, as
are semantic networks [ Quil68, LeMy79] and some aspects of the
structural model [ Wied83]. Two advantages of graph models are
navigational access and their associative connection strategy.
Navigation has the potential to support users to get target informa
tion from ill-structured information spaces.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Since they do not provide concepts which are genera. lly applicable
61.
for medical decision support, we had to develop knowiledge
structures which a. llow to represent general, Le. case-independent
medical knowl edge (as it can be found in a medical text book) for
diagnostic support.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

62. Therefore, the operational knowledge, both experience-based, and

generalized should be structured around business pro- cesses and
their instances. As far as action support is concerned, a system in the
chosen domain is always (more or less) aimed at Business Process
Support, thus the integrated system we are about to discuss may be
referred to as KMS/ BPS.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH Since medical diagnostic
63.
support has to be based on more comprehensive knowledge bases
than usually provided by appli cations designed for restricted problem
domains, we introduced a concept for diagnostic problem domain-
and case-independent information structuring. Moreover, it provides
active support for the diagnostician to accumulate individual
knowledge and to test diagnostic hypothesis.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Actor Model and Knowledge Management Systems 27 5 Validation of

64.
the Actor Model Architecture for SAGE We tested the proposed actor
model-based SAGE ELS by using a computer simu- lation model. The
model was written and run in NetLogo1 multi-agent programming
language and modeling environment. We selected NetLogo as our
test-bed language and development environment because of the
following characteristics: Relatively user-friendly development
environment Easy-to-understand language structure Low threshold
required to build the initial models Includes a tool to support learning,
based on a portable Java runtime envi- ronment

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

65. For a thorough comparison and analysis of the proposed modeling

approaches, all aspects of quality of conceptual modeling need to be
investigated. To evaluate the concept of knowledge stance, a
modeling notation needs to be defined. This is also a foundation to
answer emerging questions such as how the context of knowledge
stances could be structured and at which level of detail it should be
described, which heuristics could be applied to identify occasions
and by this way hot spots of knowl- edge work, how multiple
knowledge stances are connected and whether typical knowl- edge
stances in organizations can be identified, which KM instruments are
suited to support specific knowledge-related actions and how .

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

4.2 Object-Oriented Toolboxes for Implementing Visual Interfaces

66.
ERC+ interface has been implemented through the use of InterViews.
a library of C++ classes that provides basic interactive objects and
composition mechanisms to build a complex interface. In addition,
 manipUlable structured graphic objects are supported. Using these
classes, the implementor can define large manipulable diagrams
such as ERC+ schemas.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

According to [1], which describes the successful use of an

67.
experience repository in a small software company, detailed data on
its use and structure can be used to better understand how
experience supports activities in the company. This can in turn lead
to improvements in experience management concepts, techniques
and tools.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS For the future, it's to be expected an

68.
increasing of data consistency, as the detail and structuration level of
the informations seems to be sufficient to face the immediate
requirements of the scholars. The task which, for the moment, seems
to be more urgent is the development of the thesaurus, for which an
expert's support is necessary. The ways of navigating will be
enriched, also basing on the more recent tendencies and
experiences ([18]), in order to make some links more evident (think
for instance to the possibility of visualizing a genealogical tree).

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

1 INTRODUCTION One important question in the trend to more open

69.
office systems is whether design methodologies and modeling
methods for such systems will be different to those now used in
practice. Many conventional design methodologies are oriented
towards constructing systems with a fixed structure of both data and
function and do not support semantics found in open operations.
Thus the option for supporting open system design by extending
conventional methodologies is not easy given their emphasis on data
structure and functionality but no semantics to represent user
coordination and responsibilities of roles within system activities.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

 Bogdan D. Czejdo Department of Mathematical Sciences Loyola
70.
University, New Orleans, LA 70118 An approach to optimization of
general queries over complex data structures is presented in [15].
This work was developed in the con text of a distributed environment,
but the ideas can easily be adapted to a centralized environment
also. Domains can be defined in terms of tuple and set constructors,
and deductive rules are supported.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

It is the task of Dogmatics ( Legal Science) to establish a normative

71.
system in which both the substantive material and the juridical
activity which are to be supported by the application can be
expressed. Specifically, it must delimit the activity in terms of typical
Dogmatic categories with regard to the type of social problem dealt
with in the appli cation. Thus it must help to conceptualize, provi ding
structures of laws which will offer juridical solutions for the case, or
problem for which the ap plication is designed, in line with the
different pos sible interpretations in a plural society [16].

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

In developing the information system, tools are striven for which

72.
ought to make possible 1 user-friendly acquisition and maintenance
of data, 2 persistent, consistent, multi-user administration of the well
structured data, equipped with data backup and data protection
mechanisms, 3 rationalization of administrative work, as well as 4 an
analysis of investigation results to support medical research and the
elaboration of diagnosis and therapy.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

73. It is therefore important to get a better understanding of – how best to

support knowledge management through intelligent IT tools
(including how to structure, store and access knowledge), and – how
to ensure the implementation of efficient knowledge management
sys- tems.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 Apart from the operational challenge to get the global commitment of
74.
business units to the defined contents, definitions, prices and
wordings, those tools work only on a fixed portfolio ontology (pull) to
structure the proposal rather an intelligent just- in-time information
delivery (push). They support the user to integrate text elements but
do not respect context information (customer priorities, customer
business envi- ronment) to develop value propositions (e. g. cost
reduction in answering process of client questions) or solution
scenarios (e.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

In order to offer an effective management of com plex objects

75.
(medical information) which interact in the context of hierarchical
structures (clinical depart ments), we suggest an hospital to be
modeled as a system of functional relationships among the organ
izational structures supporting the effective im plementation of clinical
activities.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Since encapsulation supports hierarchical structuring and ex plicit

76.
control of relationships, we decided to base the information system
on object-oriented design techniques. To cover particu lar constraints
con~erning attributes and relationships, we had to extend it by rules.
As an implication we had to use a hybrid knowledge representation
language for implementation.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

In addition, abstract tasks allow to specify workflow definitions may at

77.
any level of detail, which in combination with late planning leads to
support of weakly structured workflows [7]. These concepts
overcome limitations of “classic” process models and workflow
enactment control known from business process model- ing, which
are unsuitable in agile environments.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

 From a DBPL point of view, this application domain requires a rich
78.
type system to support document structuring, a flexible ref erence
mechanism to manage hypertext structures, and variables that can
hold values of different types. We will elaborate a little on these
characteristics.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

79. InterSect: A General Purpose Hypertext System Based on an Object

Oriented Database B. Wang P. Hitchcock Computer Science
Department, University of York Heslington, York, Y015 DD, United
Kingdom [email protected]
[email protected] ABSTRACT Most complicated
documentation maintenance environ ments require sophisticated
computer support systems for main taining relationships between
document types and document instances. Unfortunately, existing
approaches are not sufficient to achieve this aim. Hypertext
technology gives us the possibil ity to easily browse document
contents but it lacks a mechanism for declaring the overall structure
of the document and its rela tionships.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

80. Effective support of the create, classify, and store activities in the
office en- vironment therefore needs to consider structures and
models for classification and furthermore provide unobtrusive and
pro-active support as much as pos- sible which is integrated in the
office environment. As a consequence, current research focuses on
means to take away the burden of annotating information and to
provide pro-active and just-in-time information delivery. Therefore,
our research department investigates the use of process enactment
by workflows to retrieve the workflow context for and to realize
proactive and context-sensitive support.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Using Digital

81.
Communication Structures to Support Knowledge Management
Karsten Böhm1 and Alexander Scherf2 1 University of Leipzig,
Institute of Computer Science, Augustusplatz 10-11, 04109 Leipzig,
Germany [email protected] 2 Detecon
 International GmbH, Frankfurter Straße 27, 65760 Eschborn,
Germany [email protected] Abstract. IT-based
knowledge management is often considered under the as- pect of
information storage and retrieval only. Although the theory of
organiza- tional knowledge management reflects on the description
of communication structures and communication events between
partners, the support of the users by information technology systems
does not meet the expectations at all.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

82. Sources Bidding tool Knowledge base CRM tool Reference tool
Project Management Portal References Customer requirements and
value proposition Service offering costs Product and service offering
sheets Solution structure Information support Project plan, Templates
for delivery and business model Reports and risk escalation chart
Document generation E-Mail push Pull Push Pull Pull Proposal
Process Initiate proposal project and draft proposal components
Develop proposal components Prepare illustrations (demos,
prototypes, references) Analyze risks, produce reports Produce
proposal Verify proposal Get offer approval Draft proposal document
Customer request for proposal ( RFP)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

The development of a framework that supports pedagogical diversity

83.
and innovation, while promoting the exchange and interoperability of
e-learning materials, is one of the key challenges in the e-learning
industry today. The IMS Learning Design allows the elements and
structure description of any unit of learning, including resources,
instructions for learning activities, templates for structured
interactions, conceptual models (e. g., problem-based learning),
learning goals, objectives and outcomes and finally assessment tools
and strategies [5].

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

Yet, since ontologies offer excellent data integration support for

84.
disparate systems, a relational database derived directly from an
ontology can be hypothesized to be the best way to ensure data
integrity and a unique data access point for a large volume of data.
 First, modeling a relational database using ontologies (rather than
entity-relationship) allows the reuse of ontology in many tasks
facilitating queries expression as well as ensuring semantic and
structural uniformity [16], [17]. Second, with the axiomatic model
underlying the ontology, data storage and verification can be
automated, increasing data integrity.

Generating_Relational_Database.pdf

In a simplified way, the hypertextual technology has an architectural

85.
role in designing the data model, the database technology supports
the effective implementation of this model. The presented
architecture structures information along two dimensions: vertically
with the partitioning of the set of clinical components as hierarchically
or ganized horizzontally with the introduction of a blackboard
structure for distribuited information pro cessing. Accordingly, the
clinical information system takes the form of a distribuited database
system, whose purpose is to automate clinical tasks and to support
administrative and financial functions.

Database and Expert Systems Applications.pdf

Up to this point, the use of information technology at the workplace

86.
has been primarily concerned with providing performance support,
and many knowledge management applications give account of this
focus. Learning, however, does also involve permanent changes in
the underlying cognitive structures[12]. If we intent to consider a
more holistic idea of learning at the workplace, it would therefore be

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf

During the last years, the TABA Workstation also evolved to comply
87.
with the different levels of capability maturity models of software
organizations. The CASE tools integrated in the environments offer
automated support to: (i) adaptation of the organization standard
processes for a specific project; (ii) definition of the organizational
structure [9]; (iii) acquisition, filtering, packaging and dissemination of
organizational knowledge [7]; (iv) planning the organization of
specific projects; (v) time, costs, risks, human resources planning,
monitoring and control [9, 10]; (vi) planning and execution. of
Configuration Management activities; (vii) identification of software
 product quality requirements; (viii) documentation planning; (ix)
planning and monitoring of corrective actions; (x) measurement and
analysis activities based on the GQM method; (xi) project monitoring
through the generation of periodic reports and measures; (xii)
controlling of the activities executed during a specific project; (xiii)
requirements management; and (xiv) post mortem.

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence.pdf