12/6/2017

IEC 62305-4 : Protection Against

Lightning – Part 4: Electrical and
Electronic Systems within Structures

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What are Transient Overvoltages (surges)?

“A transient overvoltage is a short

duration increase in voltage measured
between two or more conductors”

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What are Transient Overvoltages (surges)?

Normal mains power supply

Large

Up to 6,000 volts
(Almost 20 times mains supply)

Transient overvoltage

Fast

Typically 50 microseconds duration

(20,000 transients per second)

Surge Protective Devices

For what purpose?

§ SPD: Needs to be Quick!

§ Response times to a surge
§ Surge duration is between: 20 – 350 µs (millionths of a
second)
§ Breaker response time: 10 – 60 ms (thousandth of a
second)
§ SPD response time: 3-100 ns (billionths of a second)

§ Some facts for comparison:

§ The human eye takes 50 – 80 ms to blink
§ A fly’s wing takes 5ms to flap

© ABB Group 4

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How transient overvoltages are caused?

Two main causes:

•Lightning (also referred to as “Overvoltages of
Atmospheric origin” within IET BS 7671)
•Switching Events

External Internal
35% of all 65% of all
transients originate transients originate
outside the facility inside the facility

Surge Protective Devices

SPD Targets

230V 50 Hz Power Supply

Lightning surge TOV
8000V during 140µs
460V during 10s
Switching
RMS Voltage: 230V
surge

Transient over voltage Temporary over voltage

Purpose of SPD Enemy of SPD

© ABB Group 6

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Lightning and Transient Overvoltage Waveforms

10/350µs waveform : 10/350µs:

The first number corresponds to the time from 10% to 90% of its peak value (10µs)
The second number corresponds to the time taken for the wave to descend to 50% of its peak
value (350µs).
8/20µs waveform : 8/20µs:
The first number corresponds to the time from 10% to 90% of its peak value (8µs).
The second number corresponds to the time taken for the wave to descend to 50% of its peak
value (20µs).

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How transient overvoltages are caused?

External sources:

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Direct strike to structure (Source S1)

Direct strike to service line (Source S3)

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Direct strike near structure (Source S2)

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Lightning flash near service line (Source S4)

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Causes of Transient Overvoltages

External - atmospheric over-voltage (lightning)

Both direct stokes to structure and indirect strokes near structure (up to 1km away)

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Causes of Transient Overvoltages

External - atmospheric over-voltage (lightning)
Inductive coupling

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Causes of transient overvoltages

Internal - from switching surges (inductive loads)

Equipment that cause switching transients

• Motors – lifts, air-con

• Transformers

• Welding equipment

Internal transients as a
result of fault initiations
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Why Protect?

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Why Protect?

• Risk of Loss of Life

– Fire and electric shock hazards through flashover
– Health and safety hazards caused by plant instability, after loss of
control

• Consider the cost for

– Replacing damaged equipment
– Repair work, for remote or unmanned installations
– Lost or destroyed data

• The financial implications of extended stoppages

– Sales lost to competitors
– Lost production

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Failure Analysis – industrial equipment

Causes of premature failure
Water Fire
Lack of 5% 3%
maintenance
25% Theft and
22% vandalism

Other 28%
15%
Storm
2% Overvoltage (lightning discharge
and switching operations)
Damage to electronics: Analysis of approx. 7,750 damages
NOTE – transients can also cause damage via metallic data, signal &
telecommunications lines Ref: Contingency planning insurance data

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IEC/BS EN 62305 to address increasing problem

Increased use of electronics,

less able to withstand surges

“Lightning as a source of harm is a very high-energy phenomenon. Lightning flashes release

many hundreds of mega-joules of energy. When compared with the milli-joules of energy that
may be sufficient to cause damage to sensitive electronic equipment in electrical and electronic
systems within a structure, it is clear that additional protection measures will be necessary to
protect some of this equipment.

The need for this International Standard {BS EN62305-4} has arisen due to the increasing cost
of failures of electrical and electronic systems, caused by electromagnetic effects of lightning.
Of particular importance are electronic systems used in data processing and storage as well as
process control and safety for plants of considerable capital cost, size and complexity (for
which plant outages are very undesirable for cost and safety reasons).” BS EN 62305-4

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Surge current waveforms to IEC/BS EN 61643

Surges characterised by standardized waveforms (approx time in µs to peak/half peak)

•Direct or partial lightning currents are represented by 10/350 waveform (high energy)
•Indirect or induced lightning currents are represented by 8/20 waveform
•Type 1 SPDs are tested with 10/350, Type 2 and 3 are tested with 8/20
•Surge voltage waveforms (e.g. 1.2/50) are characterized similarly

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Surge Protective Device SPD - basic principle

•The
If the
InSPD
normal
flowwill
is increasing
situation,
control the theflow
system
to
dangerously
respect
is working
the equipment’s
atforthe
therigh
equipments
flow
withstand
level

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Surge Protective Device SPD - basic principle

Divert surge currents and limit over-voltages, survive

and repeatedly protect personnel, buildings and
equipment

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Surge Protective Device SPD - basic principle

Purpose and operation of SPD

Possible effects on equipment

if it’s not properly protected by SPD

If the equipment is protected by SPD,

the SPD will limit transient surges
and divert them to ground.

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Surge Protective Device SPD - basic principle

Purpose and operation of SPD

Unetwork UProtected
SPD
Equipment
Up=1,2kV

Level of protection = Up
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Surge Protective Devices

Withstand Voltage of the device to be protected
These 4 categories are indicated in the following table, according to IEC
60364-4-44, IEC 60664-1 and IEC 60730-1.

The SPD's level of protection Uprot (Up under In) must always be less than
the impulse withstand voltage Uw of the equipment to be protected.

© ABB Group 25

SurgeMajor
Protective Devices
SPD Types, Technologies and Characteristics

• 2 major types of 4 major characteristics

SPDs Iimp for Type 1
– Type 1 (10/350µs) Imax for Type 2
– Type 2 (8/20µs) Uc: Maximum Operating voltage
Up: Voltage protection level
• 2 major
Technologies
– Spark gap / Gas
Tube
– Varistors (MOVs)

© ABB Group 26

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SurgeMajor
Protective Devices
SPD Characteristics

4 major characteristics

Iimp: (Impulse current for class I testing)

ค่ากระแสสูงสุดทีอุปกรณ์ป้องกนั แรงดันเกินชัวขณะสามารถทนได้ เป็ นค่าทีใช้กบั SPD Type1 (10/350)
Imax: (Maximum discharge current for class II testing)
ค่ากระแสสูงสุดทีอุปกรณ์ป้องกนั แรงดันเกินชัวขณะสามารถทนได้ เป็ นค่าทีใช้กบั SPD Type2 (8/20)
Up: (Voltage protection level)
ค่าแรงดันป้ องกนั ทีถูกจําก ัดไว้ทีอุปกรณ์ป้องก ันขณะเกิดแรงดันเกินชัวขณะ
Uc: (Maximum continuous operating voltage)
ค่าแรงดัน r.m.s หรื อ d.c. สูงสุดแบบต่อเนือง ทีอุปกรณ์ป้องกนั แรงดันเกินชัวขณะสามารถทนได้

© ABB Group 27

Example of a complete LPMS

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Example of a complete LPMS

Note incoming 11kV power line

feeding structure – Type 1 SPD
(SPD 0/1) is still installed at MDB
nearest the origin (as per 61643)

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Type, test class/category and application of

SPD’s to IEC/BS EN 61643 series

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Principle of co-ordinated SPDs

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Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?

200 kA
LIGHTNING
SURGE

© ABB Group 32

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Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?

S
P
D

© ABB Group 33

Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?

S
P
D

© ABB Group 34

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Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?

S
P
D

© ABB Group 35

Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?

Type I
S
P Type III
D S
P
Type II S
D
P
D

© ABB Group 36

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Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?
Type I Type II Type III

S Iimp and In
P
Imax and In
D S
P Imax and Uoc
D S
Up
P
Up D

Up
© ABB Group 37

Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?
Type I Type II Type III

Spark gap or big varistor

S
Varistor
P
D S Varistor, Diode,
P filter
D S
P
D

© ABB Group 38

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Surge Protective Devices

How does the SPD operates?
Type I Type II Type III

S Imax and In
P S Imax and Uoc
D P S
D P
D

Up Up Up
© ABB Group 39

SPD Location/ LPZ boundary

for Main Power Supplies

OVERHEAD CABLES

DB
COMPUTER
MSB
SOCKET
OUTLET

COMM. HUB MAIN FRAME

PBX

CATEGORY A
LPZ 2/3 (Zone) LPZ 1/2 (Zone)
CATEGORY B CATEGORY
LPZ 0/1 (Zone) C
IEC 61643 – 11 IEC 61643 – 11 IEC 61643 – 11
6 KV current
Type 3: 3kA/mode 8/20µs Type 2: 40kA/mode
6 KV8/20µs 20 KV
Type 1: 25kA/mode 10/350µs
with 6KV voltage 500A current current 10 KA
3 KA

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Example of main equipotential bonding

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10/350 current division concept for multiple services

(far more realistic in practice)

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Low let-through voltage/better protection level Up

SPD

6,000V 600V

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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 Amendment 1

• SPD installation – Parallel connection

534 recommends connecting leads

(a + b) should not preferably exceed
0.5m
Under no circumstances should
leads exceed 1m
In practice, connecting leads should
be kept as short as possible
(0.25cm if practicable)
Minimum size of connecting leads
copper (or equivalent):
– 16mm2 for Type 1 SPDs
OCPD Overcurrent protective device – 4mm2 for Type 2, 3 SPDs
SPD Surge protective device
E/I Equipment or installation to be (Or equivalent size to line
protected against overvoltages conductors if smaller)

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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 Amendment 1

• Installation effects – parallel protectors

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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 Amendment 1

• Installation effects – parallel protectors

Binding connecting leads

cancels magnetic fields
and hence inductive
voltage

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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 Amendment 1

• Installation effects – connecting leads

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SPD installation

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SPDs Application – Power Line

62305-4

Mains incomers

Data/signal equipments
In/Out mains protection DB
Mains
Protection Building control system

Sensitive sub and distribution

UPS Data Centre

Outdoor applications

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Example of coordinated SPDs and location

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Example for use of combined Type SPD

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SPDs Application – Power Line

62305-4

Typical Mains ESP Design

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SPDs Application – Power Line

62305-4

Typical Mains ESP Design

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62305-4 Example to use with data and

communication application
All cables that enter or leave the building:
Mains power

Data communication and

local area network cables

Telephone lines

CCTV, Satellite,
TV and
antenna cables

Intercom System

Power supply
local to
important Where to apply protection application
equipment

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62305-4
SPDs Application – Data and Communication

Normal PSTN Tel

ISDN, ASDL or DDN Lines

CCTV Security System

Signal / Data
Protection Computer Networking

Programmable Logic Control

Fire Alarm System

RF or ELV applications

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SPDs Application – Data and Communication

62305-4
Typical Netwoking SPD Installation
MDB ESP MC ESP 240-5A

For every
ESP 415M1
3 PCs WORKSTATION AT FRONT OFFICE
ESP NET ESP NET ESP NET ESP NET ESP NET ESP NET Control system
TO Other network
INCOMING Mains ESP 06D

ESP 06D
COMPUTER ROOM

ESP NET

ESP 240-5A
ESP MC

W
I
A B
HYPERCOMM
S
A
D
T P 3000
N M C
N

DB 25 DB 25

B/OFFICE PC

NT ESP NET ESP NET

Leased Line
(ISDN Modem) ESP MC
Modem
ESP 50D

ESP 50D

ESP NET
KT 2

MSAU
For every
ESP NET Hub
active port
2 PAIRS 1 PAIR
INCOMING INCOMING TO WORKSTATION PCS
SERVER

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SPDs Application – Data and Communication

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SPDs Application – Data and Communication

62305-4

Telephone lines:
ISDN or PSTN

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SPDs Application – Data and Communication

62305-4

EFFECTIVE PROTECTION FOR CCTV SYSTEM

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End

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