GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 1

CO-1:-Illustrate and demonstrate parameters of highway planning, geometric and pavement design

1) Explain the necessity and objects of highway planning.

2) Explain briefly modified classification of road system in India as per third twenty year road
development plan.
3) Write short notes on:
1) Indian Road Congress (IRC)
2) Central Road Fund (CRF)
3) Central Road Research Institute (CRRI)
4) Highway Research Board (HRB)
4) Define:- Highway planning, Design speed, Camber, Right of way, Median, Control line, Kerb, Road
margin, Width of pavement, Transition curve, Super elevation, Sight distance, Pavement
unevenness,
5) Draw sketches with details: - Shape of camber, National highway in embankment & in cutting, An
urban road, Overtaking zone, off-tracking and mechanical widening on horizontal curve.
Overtaking manoeuvre, PIEV process, Sight distance at horizontal curve, sight distance at vertical
summit curve, sight distance at intersection.
6) Briefly explain the various requirements of an ideal highway alignment?
7)
Explain the engineering surveys needed for locating a new highway.

8) Draw the typical cross sections of the different roads in cutting and embankment and explain the
various geometric elements to be considered in highway design.
9) Explain camber. What are the objects of camber? Discuss the factors on which the amount of
camber to be provided depends. Specify the recommended ranges of camber for different types of
pavement surfaces.
10) Explain “PIEV” theory.
11) Derive an expression for finding the stopping sight distance at level and at grades.
12) Derive an expression for finding out overtaking sight distance on a highway & Explain factors on
which the effect.
13) Explain superelevation. What are the factors on which the design of superelevation depends?
14) Differentiate between Flexible & Rigid pavements with neat sketches.
15) Write are the desirable properties of subgrade soil? Enumerate the identification and classification
tests of soils.
16) Explain the desirable properties of aggregates to be used in pavement construction.
17) Enlist different tests for aggregates and describe abrasion test & Flakiness-Elongation index test for
it.
18) Enlist various properties of Bitumen and describe softening point test for Bitumen with neat
sketch.
19) What are the various tests carried out on bitumen? Briefly mention the principle and uses of each
test.

1) Calculate the SSD on a highway at a descending gradient of 3% for a design speed of 80 KMPH.
Coefficient of friction is 0.35.
2) Calculate the minimum sight distance required to avoid a head-on collision of two cars
approaching from the opposite directions at 90 and 60 kmph. Assume a reaction time of 2.5
seconds, coefficient of friction of 0.7 and a brake efficiency of 50 percent, in either case.
3) The speed of the overtaking vehicle is 100kmph. If the acceleration of the overtaking vehicle is
2.5 kmph per second, calculate safe OSD for (i) One-way traffic and (ii) Two-way traffic road. Also
draw the sketch of overtaking zone for the latter case.
4) The speed of the overtaking vehicle is 96kmph. If the acceleration of the overtaking vehicle is 2
kmph per second, calculate safe OSD for (i) One-way traffic and (ii) Two-way traffic road.
5) The radius of a horizontal circular curve is 100m. the design speed is 50 kmph and the design
coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15.
a) Calculate the super elevation required if full lateral friction is assumed to develop.
b) Calculate the coefficient of friction needed if no super elevation is provided.
6) The design speed of a highway is 80 kmph. There is a horizontal curve of radius 200 m on a
certain locality. Safe limit of transverse coefficient of friction is 0.15.
a) Calculate the superelevation required to maintain this speed.
b) If the maximum superelevation of 0.07 is not to be exceded, calculate the maximum
allowable speed on this horizontal curve as it is not possible to increase the radius.
7) Calculate extra widening required for a pavement of width 7 m on a horizontal curve of radius
250 m if the longest wheel base of vehicle expected on the road is 7.0 m. Design speed is 70
kmph.

8) A valley curve is formed by a descending gradient of 1 in 30 which meets an ascending gradient

of 1 in 40. Design total length of valley curve if design speed is 90 kmph to fulfill both comfort
condition and Head light sight distance after calculating required SSD. Take t = 2.5 s and f = 0.35
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 2

CO-2:-Analyze pavement distresses, failures and suggest prevention measures

1) State the necessity of maintenance of roads. Explain briefly the classification of

maintenance operation.

2) Explain the various types of failures in flexible and rigid pavements and their causes and
suggest remedial measures.

3) Write the different methods of structural evaluation of flexible pavements? Mention the
basic principle of each.

4) Write short notes on a) Bump Integrator b) Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)

5) Explain with sketches (i) surface and (ii) sub-surface drainage system for rural highway and
urban roads.

6) Write about design of filter material and surface drainage system in highway drainage.

7) Write short notes on: a) Arboriculture b) Street Lighting.

 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 3

CO-3:-Describe basics of traffic flow parameters, parking, marking, signal, and signs.

1) Define:- Running speed, Spot speed, Space-mean speed, time-mean speed.

2) Define traffic engineering? Explain road users and vehicular characteristics in detail.
3) Explain the relationship between speed, volume and density.
4) Spot speed studies were carried out at a certain stretch of a highway with mixed traffic flow and
the consolidated data collected are given below.
Speed range, kmph No. Of vehicle observed
0 to 10 16
10 to 20 22
20 to 30 76
30 to 40 98
40 to 50 240
50 to 60 20
60 to 70 130
70 to 80 56
80 to 90 42
90 to 100 12

Determine: (i) the upper and lower values or speed limits for installing speed regulation signs at
this road stretch and (ii) the design speed for checking the geometric design elements of the
highway.
5) Explain the term traffic volume. What are the objectives and uses of traffic volume studies?
6) State the concept of PCU value and the factors affecting PCU values.
7) Outline the home-interview method of conducting O & D studies. Mention the advantages and
limitations of this method.
8) Enlist various types of conflict points and draw neat sketch of conflict points at intersection of two-
way roads with total number of conflicts and its break-up.
9) Write the various types of parking facilities designed for traffic needs? Compare kerb parking with
off-street parking.
10) Write are the causes of road accidents? Discuss preventive measures of accidents.
11) Draw neat sketches:- collision diagram and condition diagram.
12) What are traffic control devices? Discuss road signs in brief with neat sketches.
13) Discuss about traffic islands and type of intersections.
14) Outline the IRC method of traffic signal design.
15) Explain the difference between road safety audit and accident studies and identification of black
spots.
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 4

CO-4:- Solve problems of railway track geometrics and to understand various railway track
materials, their properties and use.

1) Enlist different type of gauges used in railway track and explain problems caused by change of
gauge?
2)

3) Explain the conning of wheels with neat sketch.

4) Write the functions of rails? Explain the various types of rails in use. Define creep of rail and state
the effects of creep.
5) Compare the characteristics of wooden sleepers and reinforced concrete sleepers used on IndianRailways.

6) Enlist different type of ballast used in railway tracks and explain function and requirement of goodballast.

7) Explain briefly the functions of Fish Plate, Screw Spike and Tie bar in a railway track.
8) Define the followings
1) Ruling gradient 2) Pusher gradient 3) Momentum gradient 4) Compensated gradient forcurvature.

9) Draw a neat sketch of a

1) Diamond crossing in railways and list its important features.
2) Components of Railway Track.
3) Cross section of B.G. tracks for double line with electric traction.
4) Left hand turnout and Right hand turnout.
10) Write the basic functions of marshalling yard and state the points which should be kept in mind
when designing a marshalling yard.
11) Briefly explain semaphore signals and coloured light signals.
12) Define interlocking. Explain essential regulations of interlocking in Indian Railways.
13) Briefly explain different types of gradients used in railway. What is grade compensation? Compute the same
for horizontal curve of 3o on B.G. track having ruling gradient of 1:200.

14) Define: (i) Equilibrium cant, (ii) Cant deficiency. What would be equilibrium cant on a M.G. track of 5o curve
for a speed of 40 kmph? What would be the maximum permissible speed after allowing the maximum cant
deficiency?
15) Five degree curve diverges from a main curve of 4 degree in an opposite direction in the layout of a broad
gauge yard. If the speed on the main curve is restricted to 54.33 kmph, determine the speed restriction on
the branch line. Assume permissible cant deficiency as 7.5 cms.
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 5

CO-5:- Identify various component parts of dock, harbour and airports and apply ship and
aircraft characteristics in planning of harbour and airports.

1) Define:-
1) Aerodrome 2) Aeroplane 3) Aircraft 4) Airfield 5) Airport 6) Apron 7) Hanger 8) Runway 9)
Taxiway 10) Terminal area 11) Cross wind component 12) Wind coverage 13) Calm period 14) Basic
runway length 15) Airport reference temperature 16) Stop way 17) Clear way 18) Gate position 19)
Holding apron

2) Classify the various surveys to be conducted and the data to be collected for airport site
selection.
3) Classify different characteristics of an aircraft and their affect in planning and design of
airports?
4) Write short notes on:
1) Airport Authority of India (AAA) 2) International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO) 3) Runway
threshold lighting 4) Apron hanger lighting 5) Beacon light 6) Zoning laws 7) Approach zone 8) Clear
zone

5) Evaluate with neat sketches the limiting heights of objects in the approach and turning zone
of an instrumental runway.
6) Analyze runway and taxiway geometrics along with neat sketch for an international airport having
instrumental landing facilities as recommended by ICAO.
7) The length of runway under standard condition is 1620 m. the airport site has an elevationof 270
m. its reference temperature is 32.94°C. if the runway is to be constructed with an effective
gradient of 0.20 percent. Determine the corrected runway length.

8) Enlist the major sea ports in India and in Gujarat. Also discuss largest and smallest port inIndia in
detail.

9) Define:- 1) Harbour 2) Port 3) Break water 4) Turning basin 5) Draft 6) D.W.T 7) knots 8)
Tides 9) Tidal range 10) Clapotis 11) Littoral drift 12) Wave reflection 13) Wave breaking.
10) Draw the schematic diagram of harbor layout showing all components.
11) Discuss characteristics of ship that affect the harbour design.
12) Enlist different types of break water and describe anyone with a neat sketch.
13) State the conditions under which you will prefer construction of jetty and wharf.
14) State importance of following navigational aids for harbour operation
1) Light house 2) Beacon lights 3) Mooring buoys
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DAHOD
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (3150611)

ASSIGNMENT 6

CO-6:-Design of pavement for the given for traffic.

1) Briefly discuss (a) ESWL, (b) Radius of relative stiffness, (c) Radius of resisting section.
2) Explain briefly the Marshall method of bituminous mix design.
3) Explain briefly the basic principles of soil stabilization.
4) Write are the objects and methods of soil stabilization for road construction? How will you stabilize
black cotton soil for the road construction?
5) Explain construction of WBM road and enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of WBM
road.
6) State the stepwise method of construction of gravel road and penetration (grouted) macadam.
7) Discuss various joints provided in cement concrete road, with the object of providing each joint.
8) Explain the basic principle of CBR method of pavement design. State the advantages and
disadvantages of it.
9) State the factors affecting design and performance of rigid pavement.
10) Write a short note on design of rigid pavement by IRC guidelines and Westergaurd stress
equations.
11) Distinguish between Tack coat, Prime coat and Seal coat.
12) Find out CBR value for soil subgrade for 1200 ADT of commercial vehicle. Annual growth rate of
traffic is 8%. Construction period is 3 years. Loads at 2.5mm and 5.0mm penetration are 55 and 78
kg respectively. Also find out number of vehicles per day of design.
13) Compute the radius of relative stiffness of 15cm thick cement concrete slab from the following
data:
Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete = 210000 kg/cm2, Poisson’s ratio for concrete = 0.13,
Modulus of subgrade reaction, K = (i) 3.0 kg/cm3 (ii) 7.5 kg/cm3
14) Compute the equivalent radius of resisting section of 20 cm slab, given that the radius of contact
area wheel load is 15cm.
15) Calculate the stresses at interior, edge and corner regions of a cement concrete pavement using
Westergaurd’s stress equations. Use the following data:
Wheel load P = 5100kg, E = 3.0 x 105 kg/cm2, Pavement thickness h = 18 cm, Poisson’s ratio of
concrete, µ = 0.15, Modulus of subgrade reaction, K = 6.0 kg/cm3, Radius of contact area, a = 15cm.
16) Evaluate wheel load stresses for a 18cm thick cement concrete pavement.
Wheel load is 5100 kg, Poisson’s ratio of concrete is 0.15, Radius of contact area is 15 cm, modulus
of elasticity of cement concrete is 3.00 x 105 kg/cm2, Modulus of subgrade reaction is 6.0 kg/cm3
17) A CC pavement of thickness 20cm rests over a WBM base course with modulus of reaction 30
kg/cm3. Find the load stresses at the edge and corner regions under a wheel load of 5100 kg unit
IRC stress charts. (Assume a = 15cm, E = 3 x 105 kg/cm2 and µ = 0.15).