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4 views

History Computer

Uploaded by

dangkhanh3012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical Calculators: Throughout the 17th century, mathematicians Blaise Pascal and Gottfried

Wilhelm Leibniz developed mechanical calculators that were capable of performing simple calculations.

1837's Analytical Engine: Charles Babbage created the Analytical Engine, a prototype for a general-
purpose computer. It never materialized, but it set the stage for contemporary computers.

Tabulating Machines (late 19th century): Herman Hollerith created devices that processed and tabulated
data using punched cards. Calculations for censuses were frequently done using these devices.

Vacuum Tube Computers (1930s–1940s): Using vacuum tubes as fundamental parts, electronic
computers were built. Examples of these include the Colossus, which was used to break codes during
World War II, and the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC).

ENIAC: One of the first general-purpose electronic computers was the Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer (ENIAC) (1946). It could do intricate computations and ran on vacuum tubes.

Transistors (1947): John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley's creation of transistors
transformed computer technology, enabling computers to be more compact, dependable, and quick.

1958 saw the independent development of integrated circuits by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce, which
merged several electronic components onto a single chip. Computers become more efficient and smaller
as a result of this.

Microprocessors: In 1971, Intel unveiled the Intel 4004, the world's first microprocessor that combined
all central processing unit (CPU) operations onto a single chip. It was this development that made
personal computers possible.

Personal computers (1970s–1980s): User-friendly, reasonably priced computers were first made available
by companies like Apple, IBM, and Microsoft. Both individuals and businesses embraced these devices.

Graphical User Interfaces (1980s): With the advent of GUIs, computers became more approachable for
non-technical users. Computer interfaces such as Microsoft Windows and Apple's Macintosh
transformed user experience.

Internet (1990s): With the creation of the World Wide Web and its broad use, computers became
effective means of communication and information exchange.

Laptops, Tablets, and Smartphones (2000s): As technology developed, portable computing devices such
as laptops, tablets, and smartphones were created, increasing the mobility and accessibility of
computing.

Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing (2000s–2010s): While machine learning and artificial
intelligence developments allowed computers to accomplish sophisticated jobs and learn from data,
cloud computing allowed users to store and retrieve data remotely.

Nowadays, quantum computing: The goal of ongoing research in quantum computing is to create
computers that use the ideas of quantum mechanics, which could revolutionize computing power and
enable the solution of challenging issues.

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