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Cyclone

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Cyclone

Uploaded by

rajbhagat
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© © All Rights Reserved
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 Cyclones are rapid inward air circulation around a low-pressure area

 usually accompanied by violent storms and bad weather.


 IMD-frequency of cyclones in coastal States increased by 7%.

reasons behind frequent cyclones

 Rising Ocean temperatures –could intensify speed of winds by up to


10%- will increase 10-15% in precipitation.

 Rise in seas level due to global warming.


 land-use- change,
 deforestation,
 encroachments upon wetlands

Surge prone Coasts in India:


 East Coast-
 North Orissa and West Bengal coasts.
 Andhra Pradesh coast between Ongole and Machilipatnam.
 Tamil Nadu coast, south of Nagapatnam.

 West coast:
 The West coast is less vulnerable to storm surges
 Maharashtra coast,
 coastal belt around the Gulf of Kutch

Impact
 (WMO) report on State of Global Climate 2020– economic losses
caused by cyclone Amphan - $14 billion.
 2.4 million people displaced -mainly in West Bengal and Odisha.
 India 96 coastal districts-262 million people exposed to cyclones and
tsunamis.

Economic cost-lost around 2% of GDP and 15% of total revenue over 1999-
2020.

Issues in cyclone mitigation

 Post than pre focus-more focused on management than prevention.


 Population: One-third of population lives in coastal area.
 Lack of proper coordination (both vertical and horizontal)
 Poor response: warning of a cyclone not properly
communicated[evident in Ockhi cyclone disaster.]
 Lack of awareness about cyclone preparedness
 Lack of state-of-the-art early warning techniques - Aircraft probing
of cyclone, UAVs.
Measures available
 IMD-impact-based cyclone warning system
 incorporated factors such as population, infrastructure, land use and
settlements.

 National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project:to protect vulnerable local


communities from impact of cyclones

 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project:initiated by


MoEF&CC) to bring a comprehensive plan for management of coastal
areas.

 Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) Rules:for sustainable development of


coastal areas and to protect coastal ecosystems by regulating activities
near coastline.

 Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) -to


make infrastructure resilient in the face of disasters like cyclones.

Colour Coding of Cyclones:IMD

 IMD's four colours are Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red.

Pre-Cyclone Watch

 Issued when a depression forms over the Bay of Bengal irrespective of


its distance from coast.
 issued at least 72 hours in advance of commencement of adverse
weather.
 issued at least once a day.

Cyclone Alert (Colour code Yellow)


 Issued at least 48 hours before the commencement of bad weather
 when cyclone is located beyond 500 Km from coast.
 issued every three hours.

Cyclone Warning (Colour code Orange)


 Issued at least 24 hours before commencement of bad weather
 when cyclone located within 500 Km from coast.
• Information about time/place of landfall -indicated in bulletin.
• Accuracy in estimation increases as cyclone comes closer to coast

Post-landfall outlook (Colour code Red)


 issued 12 hours before cyclone landfall
 when cyclone is located within 200 km from coast.
 More accurate information about time/place of landfall and associated
bad weather indicated in bulletin.

Odisha model

 In the aftermath of the 1999 super cyclone-


 installing a disaster warning system in coastal districts
 construction of evacuation shelters in cyclone-prone districts.
 building Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF).

 Mission zero causality -significantly reduced the loss of lives during


cyclones.

structural measures
 construction of cyclone shelters
 Retrofitting of damaged existing public infrastructure
 Restructuring of link roads to shelters
 Construction of saline embankments
 construction of cyclone-resistant buildings, road links, culverts, bridges,
canals,

Hazard Mapping:

Land Use Planning:

Non-structural measures

 Strict implementation of Coastal Regulation Zone guidelines


 Land-use zoning in accordance with CRZ
 Natural bio-shields such as Mangroves and shelterbelt plantation
 Maintaining of natural sand dunes
 Maintaining and promoting beach development
 Use of NAVIC and RESOURCESAT-2 for disseminating coastal
information

Response measures

 A sound relief, rescue and evacuation plan


 Restoration of essential services
 Restoration of lifeline infrastructure like electricity, communication, etc
 Relief camps and Provision of food, clean water
 emergency medical response force to contain disease spread.
 Rehabilitation

Awareness generation and capacity development

 Awareness generation at household, community, institutional level


 Use of Radio, Social media and news media
 Notification of all vulnerable zones around habitation
 Evolving of village-level response plans
 Mock drills by simulating real threats
 volunteers could be enlisted and trained like Civil Defence, National
Cadet Corps (NCC), Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKs), NDRF etc
 Training of disaster response force
wf

 Ensure financial protection against calamities through insurance


 develop decentralised capacity to respond to climate shocks
 At the national level,Climate Risk Commission with statutory status.
 Increase cover under shelterbelt plantation:
 building cyclone-resilient infrastructure - storm surge-resilient
embankments, canals
 curriculum of schools and colleges must include cyclone preparedness.
 Implementing Sendai framework idea of Build back better.
 Disaster Risk Audit for existing entities along risk-prone area.
 Inclusive disaster management regime-including all stakeholders such
as women, vulnerable populations like divyang, poor, NGOs

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