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PHYSICS_ Magnetism_ IB MYP 4

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89 views5 pages

PHYSICS_ Magnetism_ IB MYP 4

Uploaded by

mokshitaanand8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Magnetism

Completed
- Two polarities; North/South
- MONOpoles don’t exist
- NORTH TO SOUTH : Magnetic field lines ( abcdefghijklm N opqr S ….)
- SOUTH TO NORTH; Inside the magnet; a complete circle
- Attracts iron, steel, nickel, and cobalt
- Field lines don’t overlap
- Magnets attract objects by inducing magnetic properties into them ( Opposite polarities)

TYPES OF PERMANENT MAGNET SHAPES


- Bar
- Horseshoe
- Disc
- Needle

EXAMPLES:
- Compass
- Fridge magnets to hang your little precious memories/inside as well
- Cars
ELECTROMAGNETISM
- Electric bell
- MRI
- Crane lifting iron junk
- Maglev Train

It is usually made by wrapping a coil of wire around


a core material, such as soft iron. When an electric
current flows through the wire, it generates a
magnetic field around the coil, turning it into a
temporary magnet. The strength of the magnetic
field can be controlled by adjusting the amount of
current flowing through the wire or by changing the
number of turns in the coil.
● We can use a permanent magnet to
determine the polarity
● We can change the polarity by flipping the
battery
Electric Current:
In progress
- The flow of electric charge - the flow of
electrons
- The direction of the flow of current is
opposite to that of the flow of electrons
- +ve –> -ve flow of electrons

Voltage: point A and B


The potential difference between 2 points

Higher the difference = higher the speed


Higher Voltage = lesser current

230 v - 1 face
440 v - 3 face

EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT


- Heating effect (Blub-heat and light)
- Chemical effect (Electrolysis - Breaking of
bonds in a solution with the help of
electrodes)
- Magnetic effect (Electromagnet)
Ørsteds Experiment
In 1820, Ørsted experimented with a wire and magnetic compass. It showed that when
electricity flows through the wire it acts like a magnet which makes the compass needle move.

Magnetic field - wires

● The magnetic field of a straight wire —> Ring

● The round loop is stronger, and it gets more when you put circles together at the centre

● The magnetic field of a solenoid is like that of a bar magnet


SOLENOID
- The magnetic field of a bar magnet
- Increasing the strength of the current
- ^ the no. of turns = ^ magnetic strength
- Soft iron core - ^ magnetic strength

CLOCK FACE RULE:


Clockwise – Southpole
Anti-Clockwise - Northpole (The ‘N’ in anti = North)

MAXWELL’S RIGHT-HAND THUMB RULE:


can be used to determine the direction of magnetic field lines around a current-carrying
conductor. It states that, if the thumb of the right hand represents the direction of the current
flow, the rest of the curled fingers determine the direction of the magnetic field around it.

Motor Principle:
Motor → Electrical → Mechanical energy

● When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field the conductor


experiences a mechanical force.
●

Notes:
How Does High Voltage Reduce Current?
In the context of electrical circuits, the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance is
governed by Ohm's law, which states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance of the
conductor.

In simpler terms, if you increase the voltage while keeping the resistance constant, the current will
increase proportionally. Conversely, if you increase the resistance while maintaining the same
voltage, the current will decrease.

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