Applied Soil Dynamics [GE-503A]

MSc Geotechical Engineering

Lecture # 3

by
Dr. Jahanzaib Israr
Civil Engg. Dept. – UET Lahore
Email: [email protected]
1
FOUNDATION VIBRATION ANALYSIS
BY ELASTIC HALF SACE THEORY

ASSUMPTIONS
• For the range of static and dynamic loading, the supporting soil
is Elastic.
• Soil is isotropic and homogeneous
• Soil is semi infinite (Half Space)

Foundation
Block

Soil interact with the

foundation, showing different
SOIL ELASTIC HALF SPACE
properties.
Participating soil mass =
20% of weight of foundation.
2
ELASTIC AND PLASTIC RANGES OF SOIL

These assumptions are acceptable for low dynamic loadings;

Soil enters quickly into plastic range;
Initially this theory was developed for circular foundations.
Two parameters are required by this
analysis:
1- Shear Modulus (𝑮 𝝉⁄ )
𝜸
2- Poisson’s Ratio (𝝁)

3
SHEAR MODULUS ( )
- Draw a loading and unloading cycle and the half of slope of
that cycle would be G.
- G can also be measured in-situ directly by Dilatometer.
- G is related with E by:
𝑬
𝑮
𝟐 𝟏 𝝁

NOTE: For a foundation other than circular:

𝑩 𝑳 𝑲 B
Equivalent radius =
𝝅
; Natural frequency 𝝎𝒏
𝒎
L 4
SOIL STIFFNESS ( ) and PARTICIPATING
SOIL MASS
Types of Motion Soil Stiffness, K
Vertical

Sliding (Horizontal)

Rocking & Pitching

Yawing (Torsional)

Vertical Sliding Rocking Yawing

0 0.3
0.25 -- 0.3
0.50 -- 0.3

5
EXAMPLE-1

Concrete block (3.5 m X 2.5 m) in plan.

𝑃 Vertical Force = 10 kN
2.5 m
G = 38000 kPa
𝜇 0.25
𝛾 18 kN/𝑚 3.5 m
Weight of block of equipment = 400 kN
𝜔 2000 cpm = ____________
Vertical Motion
𝒓𝒐 𝑩 𝑳 _________________ __________
𝝅
𝟒𝑮𝒓𝒐
𝑲𝒛 𝟏 𝝁 ____________________ ______________________
𝑾
𝒎 ___________ ____________________
𝒈
𝒎𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝟏. 𝟎𝐏𝒓𝒐 𝟑 ____________________ _________________________________
6
 𝑲𝒛
𝝎𝒏 𝒎 𝒎𝒔 _________________________ __________________

𝝎𝒏 _________________ ________________________

𝝎𝒏
𝑭. 𝑹 __________________ ________________________
𝝎𝒔𝒑
_________________

Amplitude:

𝒑𝒛
𝑨𝒛 𝟐 𝟐
__________________________________ ____________________________
𝒎 𝝎𝒏 𝝎𝒔𝒑
________________

7
EXAMPLE-2

Design a machine foundation block to support a reciprocating engine

weighing 14 kN operates at a frequency of 1500 cpm. It also carries a
rotating weight of 54 N at the end of a 75 mm long rotating arm, as
shown.
Assuming 14 kN

Concrete Foundation = 2.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 m

75 mm
Check:
1- Resonance 1.5 m
2- Amplitude of Motion

54 N

1.5 m 2.5 m

1.5 m 8
Concrete block (2.5 m X 1.5 m) in plan.
𝐹 Dynamic Force = 14 kN
1.5 m
G = 18000 kPa
𝜇 0.50
𝛾 18.5 kN/𝑚 ; 𝛾 . 24 kN/𝑚 2.5 m
Weight of block of equipment = ______________ kN
𝜔 1500 cpm = rad/sec
Vertical Motion
𝒓𝒐 𝑩 𝑳 __________________ _________________
𝝅
𝟒𝑮𝒓𝒐
𝑲𝒛 𝟏 𝝁 _________________________ _______________________𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝑊 𝐹
𝒎 ___________________________ _________________ 𝒌𝒈
𝒈

𝑲𝒛
𝝎𝒏 𝒎 _________________________________ __________________ 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄
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 𝝎𝒔𝒑 _____________________ _____________ 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝝎𝒏
𝑭. 𝑹 _____________ ____________________
𝝎𝒔𝒑
____________________

Amplitude:
𝒑𝒛 Centrifugal force

𝒑𝒛 𝒎. 𝒓. 𝝎𝟐 __________________________________ _____________ 𝒌𝑵

𝒑𝒛
𝑨𝒛 𝟐 𝟐
____________________________ _________________
𝒎 𝝎𝒏 𝝎𝒔𝒑
_________________

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EXAMPLE-3 (Class Assignment)

Design a machine foundation block to support a reciprocating engine

weighing 14 kN operates at a frequency of 1500 cpm. It also carries a
rotating weight of 54 N at the end of a 75 mm long rotating arm, as
shown.
Assuming 14 kN

Concrete Foundation = _____ x _____ x ____ m

75 mm
Check:
1- Resonance 1.5 m
2- Amplitude of Motion

54 N

1.0 m
3m

2m 11
EXAMPLE-4 (Home Assignment)

Design a machine foundation block to support a reciprocating engine

weighing 14 kN operates at a frequency of 1500 cpm. It also carries a
rotating weight of 54 N at the end of a 75 mm long rotating arm, as
shown.
Assuming 14 kN

Concrete Foundation = _____ x _____ x ____ m

75 mm
Check:
1- Resonance 2m
2- Amplitude of Motion

54 N

1.25 m
3.5 m
1.25 m
2.5 m 12
EXAMPLE-5 (Home Assignment)

Design a machine foundation block to support a reciprocating engine

weighing 14 kN operates at a frequency of 1500 cpm. It also carries a
rotating weight of 54 N at the end of a 75 mm long rotating arm, as
shown.
Assuming 14 kN

Concrete Foundation = _____ x _____ x ____ m

75 mm
Check:
1- Resonance 2m
2- Amplitude of Motion

54 N

3m

2m 13
SLIDIG VIBRATIONS OF A BLOCK FOUNDATION

𝐾 Soil spring constant in the horizontal direction

𝐾 𝐶 .𝐴
𝐾 0.5 𝐶 . 𝐴
There are two methods for determining the natural frequency:
1- Lumped parameter method (Spring-Dashpot Approach)

𝐾 𝐶 𝐴
𝜔 , 𝑚 𝑚 Exciting Force =
0.5 𝐶 . 𝐴
𝜔 , 𝑚
2- Elastic Half Space Theory

𝐾
𝜔 , 𝑚
32 1 𝜇 𝐺𝑟
𝐾 7 8𝜇

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EXAMPLE-6

Design a machine foundation block to support a maximum horizontal

force of 10 kN on a sandy clay (close to plastic limit) with G = 30,000
kPa. The density of soil is 17 kN/m3, Poisson's ratio is 0.25 The
machine weighs 100 kN and operates at a frequency of 300 cpm.
Assuming

Concrete Foundation = 4 x 3 x 1.5 m

3m
Check:
1- Resonance
2- Amplitude of Motion

1.5 m 4m

3m
15
Concrete block (4 m X 3 m) in plan.
𝐹 Max. Hz. Force = 10 kN 3m
G = 30000 kPa
𝜇 0.25
𝛾 17 kN/𝑚 ; 𝛾 . 24 kN/𝑚 4m
Weight of block of equipment, 𝑊 = (4 X3 X1.5 X24) kN = 432 kN
𝜔 300 cpm = ______________ rad/sec

𝒓𝒐 𝑩 𝑳 ______________________ ________________
𝝅
32 1 𝜇 𝐺𝑟
𝐾 7 8𝜇

_________________________________

_____________________𝒌𝑵/𝒎 16
 𝑊 𝑊 𝑊
𝒎 ____________________________
𝒈

____________________ _______________ 𝒌𝒈

𝑲𝒙
𝝎𝒏 𝒎

_____________________________

______________𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝝎𝒔𝒑 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝝅 ________________𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝟔𝟎
𝝎𝒏
𝑭. 𝑹 _____________________ _________________ (O.K)
𝝎𝒔𝒑

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Amplitude:
𝒑𝒙
𝑨𝒛 𝒙
𝒎 𝝎𝒏 𝟐 𝝎𝒔𝒑 𝟐

____________________________

_______________________________ _________

𝑪𝒖 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑

𝑨𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟐
𝒓𝒐 𝑩 𝑳 ______________ __________________
𝝅
𝑾𝒃 ____________________ __________kN
𝑾𝒔𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝟎. 𝟐 𝝆 𝒓𝒐 𝟑 _____________ kN

𝒎 ____________________________ ________________
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 𝑪𝝉 . 𝑨 𝟎. 𝟓𝑪𝒖 . 𝑨
𝝎𝒏 𝒙 𝒎 𝒎

_________________________________ ___________𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝝎𝒔𝒑 ________________ ____________ 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝝎𝒏 𝒙
𝑭. 𝑹 ____________________ _____________
𝝎𝒔𝒑
_______
Amplitude:
𝒑𝒙
𝑨𝒛 𝒙
𝒎 𝝎𝒏 𝟐 𝝎𝒔𝒑 𝟐

___________________________

____________________ ________
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REFERENCES
 Engineering Manual No. 1110-2-2906, Department of Army, US
Army Corps of Engineers, Washington D.C.
 Foundation Analaysis and Design by J. E. Bowels 5th Edition

 Foundation Design and Construction Practice by M. J. Tomlinson

 Principles of Foundation Engineering by Braja M. Das

CONCLUDED
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