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Lab#08_200344

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Lab#08_200344

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m.waqasahmed09
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© © All Rights Reserved
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AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO 9

Lab Title: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulator

Student Name: Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Reg. No: 2 0 0 3 4 4


Objective: To perform Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation.

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows the
lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:


Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:
EXPERIMENT NO 9

Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation & Demodulation

Objectives:
To perform Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation.

Equipment’s required:
• Function generators
• Oscilloscope
• Trainer
• LM741 IC
• AD632 Multiplier
Introduction:
ASK is a form of modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave.
The amplitude of an analog carrier signal varies in accordance with the bit stream (modulating signal),
keeping frequency and phase constant.

Theory:
On-off keying (OOK) is the simplest form of amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation that represents
digital data as the presence or absence of a carrier wave. In its simplest form, the presence of a carrier for
a specific duration represents a binary one, while its absence for the same duration represents a binary zero.

The input binary symbols are represented in polar form with symbols 1 & 0. This binary wave is multiplied
by a sinusoidal carrier in a product modulator. The result is a ASK signal.

The amplitude modulation technique has some drawbacks, because the link noise and the electric
interferences can modulate the amplitude of the carrier signal. Moreover, an amplitude modulated signal is
sensitive to interferences from frequencies close to the carrier frequency. So ASK is no longer widely used
in digital communications.
The spectrum of ASK is:

At the receiver, detection can be accomplished using either non-coherent envelope detection, or coherent
detection. Non coherent receiver is simple and cheap to implement but on the cost of the probability of
error. On the other hand, coherent detection provides a better probability of error but it needs carrier
synchronization. So, we can trade
quality with the cost of the receiver. Depending on the application we might choose either coherent or non-
coherent detection.
The probability of error for a coherent ASK system is given by:

And for non-coherent detector the probability of error is given by:


Circuit Diagram (ASK Modulator)

Experimental Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in above figure.
2. Apply the modulating input signal as 2Vpp rectangular pulse with 1Vpp offset at 1kHz and Carrier
as 2Vpp Sine wave at 5kHz.
3. Observe the waveform for ASK.
4. Connect the Demodulator circuit as shown in the figure.
5. Connect the o/p of the modulator with the i/p of demodulator.
6. Observe the recovered waveform.
Circuit Diagram (ASK Demodulator):
Lab Tasks
Perform the ASK Modulation in hardware and also show its oscillation. Also attach all the results in the
report.

To perform a ASK modulation and demodulation first we generate a square wave oscillator of
our needs. In these tasks we need a 0 to 5 square wave along with we connect the LM741 pin 6
with resistor 47k and then ground it.
ASK modulation 0 to 5:

Hardware Results:

Osciloscope when 0 to 5:

Analyze:
Observation:
When a 0 to 5V square wave is used as the input signal, the amplitude of the carrier wave is adjusted
accordingly. The carrier amplitude is maximum (5V) in the high state of the input and zero in the low state.

Hardware results:
The waveform seen in the oscilloscope corresponds to the ASK resolution level, showing a clear transition
between updated states
Ask modulation 3 to 5:

Analyze:

Observation:
For an input signal ranging from 3 to 5V, the amplitude of the carrier wave is not completely
passive but fluctuates between two different levels. The amplitude of the carrier decreases but
remains non-zero in the low state of the modulating signal.

Analysis:
This indicates an ASK phase, where the carrier signal is completely lost. It can be used for
applications that require reduced signal drop while maintaining this modulation.
Perform the ASK Modulation and Demodulation in Proteus and Matlab. Also attach all the results in the
report.
ASK Demodulation
Analyze:
Observation:
By connecting the output of the modulator to the demodulator, the recovered waveform closely
matches the original modulator signal.

Inconsistent introductions:
If inconsistent detection was used, the recovered signal might have had more noise but would
have remained valid for basic experiments.

Continuous Introduction:
Synchronization in constant detection ensures accurate reception and reduces noise error.

Simulation results (Proteus and MATLAB):


Both theories exhibit results consistent with theoretical ASK behavior. Proteus provided circuit
level analysis, while MATLAB provided explicit visualization of ASK signals.
CONCLUSION:
The experiment successfully demonstrated the principles of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Modulation and Demodulation. The following conclusions can be drawn:
ASK effectively combines digital signals by varying their amplitude on an analog carrier, which
can be found in hardware and software applications
ASK systems are prone to noise and interference, especially when irregularities are not detected,
because amplitude is very sensitive to external sources
Although ASK is straightforward to implement, its drawbacks make it less suitable for modern
digital communication systems compared to other modulation techniques.
Hardware results and simulations confirm the theoretical logic of ASK, and highlight its practical
limitations and strengths for specific applications.

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