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3. C_OperatorsExpressions_1101

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23 views25 pages

3. C_OperatorsExpressions_1101

Uploaded by

mdtanvirislammasum34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operators and Expressions

Structured Programming Language (CSE-1271)


Course Instructor : Mohammed Mamun Hossain
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, BAUST
Outline
1. Operators
2. Expressions
3. Some examples
Operators
 An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to perform certain
mathematical and logical manipulations. Operators are used in programs
to manipulate data and variables. Such as, +, --, <, > etc.
C operators can be classified into a number of categories. They are as
follows:
 Arithmetic operators.
 Relational operators.
 Logical operators.
 Assignment operators.
 Increment and decrement operators.
 Conditional operators.
 Bitwise operators.
 Special operators.
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are +, -, *, /,%.
Integer arithmetic: Here operands are integer. For a=14 and b=4,
a+b=18 a/b=3(decimal part)
a%b=2(remainder of division)
Real arithmetic: Here, operands are only real number. Such as, if
a=6.0 and b=7.0
then a/b=0.857143

There are five arithmetic operators in C.


Arithmetic Operators
example integer

a + b 13

a - b 7
a * b 30

a / b 3 Fractional part omitted.

a % b 1 Remainder of division
Arithmetic Operators
example floating point

a + b 14.5

a - b 10.5
a * b 25.0

a / b 6.25

a % b Not Possible!!!
Arithmetic Operators
example character

a 65

a + b 131
a + 1 66

a + ‘A’ 130

a + ‘1’ 114
Type Conversion
 Operands that differ in type may undergo type conversion before the
expression takes on its final value.
 In
general, the final result will be expressed in the highest precision
possible, consistent with the data types of the operands.
int i = 7; ASCII Value
float f = 5.5; w = 119
Example
char c = ‘w’; 0 = 48

i + f 12.5 float (double)


i + c 126 integer
i + c – ‘0’ 78 integer
(i+c)-(2*f/5) 123.8 float (double)
Type Cast
 To transform the type of a variable temporarily.
 To do so, the expression must be preceded by the name of the desired data
type, enclosed in parentheses

(data type) expression

int number;
(float) number;
Check Type Cast
Check example

Again
i = 7;
f = 8.5; float num = 10.5;
num % 2;
result = (i + f) % 4;
float num = 10.5;
((int)num) % 2;

Invalid
Relational Operator
The operators which are used to compare two numbers and take decision
depending on their relation are called relational operators.

Example
Relational Operator
Given the following C declarations:

int a =1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 1;
 a == d is true
 c > b is true
 c >= b is true
 a >= c is false
 a != d is false
 a <= d is true
Relational Operator
Suppose that i, j and k are integer variables.
Where, i=1;
j=2;
k=3;
Several logical expressions involving these variables are shown below.
Relational Operator
.
Simplified Expression
Logical Operator
Operators which are used to combine two or more relational expressions are
known as logical operators.
There are three logical operators.
Logical Operator
.
Truth table of Logical Operator
Assignment Operator
Operators which are used to assign the result of an expression to a variable
are known as assignment operators.
Consider an example:
x = 100; meaning: 100 is assigned to x
x += (y+1);
The operator += means ‘add y+1 to x’ or
‘increment x by y+1’.
For y=2; the above statement results x= 103,
x += 3; that is (x = x + 3)
Increment Decrement Operator
C allows two very useful operators increment (++) and decrement (--)
operators.
The operator ++ adds 1 to the operand, while -- subtracts 1.
Rules for ++ and – operators:
i) Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are unary operators
ii) When postfix ++ (or --) is used with a variable in an expression, the
expression is evaluated first using the original value of the variable and
then the variable is incremented (or decremented) by one.
iii) When prefix ++ (or --) is used in an expression, the variable is
incremented (or decremented) first and then the expression is evaluated
using the new value of the variable.
Increment Decrement Operator
Example:

Please guess the output

Check your output!!!


Conditional Operator
A ternary operator pair “ ? : ” is available in C
exp1?exp2:exp3.
 exp1 is evaluated first. If it is nonzero (true) then the expression exp2 is
evaluated and becomes the value of the expression.
 if exp1 is false, then exp3 is evaluated and becomes the value of the
expression.
Suppose a=10;
b=15;
x=(a>b)?a:b;
In this example,
x will be assigned the value of b.
Bitwise Operator
Operators which are used to manipulate data at their bit level are known as
bitwise operators. Bitwise operators and their meanings are given below,

Assume if A = 60; and B = 13;


A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
------------------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
Special Operator
C supports some special operators of interest such
as comma operator, sizeof operator, pointer operators (& and *)
and member selection operators (. and ->).
All these are special operators.
Example of sizeof operator:
int a;
float b;
double c;
char d;
printf("Size of int=%d bytes\n",sizeof(a));
printf("Size of float=%d bytes\n",sizeof(b));
printf("Size of double=%d bytes\n",sizeof(c));
printf("Size of char=%d byte\n",sizeof(d));
Operator Precedence
An operator’s precedence determines its order of evaluation.
Thank You.
Questions and Answer
References
Books:
1. Programming With C. By Byron Gottfried
2. The Complete Reference C. By Herbert Shield
3. Programming in ANSI C By E. Balagurusamy
4. Teach yourself C. By Herbert Shield

Web:
1. www.wikbooks.org
and other slide, books and web search.

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