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Chapter 2 Db

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Chapter 2 Db

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hamaada2294
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Database Management System

A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of


interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data.
Database Management System
❖ Primary goal: store and retrieve
❖ Convenient and efficient
❖ Manage large bodies of information
❖ Define data storage structure
❖ Mechanism for data manipulation
❖ Safety of information stored

Data vs Information:
Data: Row, unprocessed facts
▪ Example: 25, Abbas, Baydhabo
Information: Processed data
▪ Example: the age of Abbas is 25 who is residing in
Baydhabo
Database: Collection of interrelated data
▪ Example: Banking system, library management, railways
etc.
Meta-data: Data about other data
Example: Author, data created, data modified, and file size.
Application of DBMS
➢ Sale
➢ Finance
➢ Bank
➢ Universities
➢ Factors
➢ E-business
➢ Railways
➢ Airlines
➢ Governments
➢ Telecommunications
➢ Human Resource Management
➢ Insurance

File Systems:
File System Vs DBMS

1. Data redundancy and inconsistency


2. Difficult in accessing the data
3. Data isolation
4. Integrity problems
5. Atomicity problems
6. Concurrent-access anomalies
7. Security problems
Three Tier Architecture

User interface
GUI, web interface

Application Server
Or Application program web
page
Web Server

Database Management
System
Database Server

Client/Front end
▪ Top level tier
▪ User interface(UI)
▪ Application level
▪ Collect and display info
▪ Desktop applications or GIU
▪ HTML,CSS, Java script
Application Server or Web server:
▪ Logic or middle level tier
▪ Heart of the application
▪ Information is processed
▪ Add, delete or update data in the data tier
▪ Python, java, Perl, PHP, Ruby
▪ Communicates with data tier using API calls

Database Server:
▪ Database tier or backend
▪ Data are stored and managed
▪ RDBMS- MYSQL, MARIADB, ORACLE, DB2,MICROSOFT
SQL SERVER, POSTGRESQL

Generalized DBMS Three tier Architecture:


Schemas:
• the overall design of the database
• database schema = Variable declation
• example:
o type Student = record
▪ Rollno :numeric,
▪ Name: varchar(20),
▪ Class: varchar(14),
▪ End;
Instance:
• The collection of information stored at a particular moment
• Frequent changes
• Database instant = value of the variable

Database Users:
1. Naïve users
2. Application programmers
3. Sophisticated users
4. Specialized users
Naïve Users:
o Unsophisticated users
o Invoke/use the application program
o Ex: me u, and him
o Web/mobile/UI
o Desktop applications
Application Programmers:
o Computer professionals
o Application development tools
o Develop user interfaces

Sophisticated Users:
o Interact with systems
o Database query languages
o Data analysis software
o Data/Business analysts.

Specialized Users:
o Specialized DB applications
o Computer aided design systems
o Knowledge base and expert systems
o Multimedia data
o Next generation

Database Administrator :
DBA
Data and programs access those data
Central control
Key role with complete privilege
Functions of DBA:
❖ Schema definition
❖ Store structure and access method definition
❖ Granting of authorization for data access
❖ Routine maintenance
o Periodic backup
o Disk space management
o Performance
Database Softwares:
➢ MySQL
➢ Oracle
➢ IBM DB2
➢ Microsoft SQL Server
➢ PostgreSQL
➢ RozorSQL
➢ Informix
➢ MangoDB
➢ Redis
➢ Teradata
➢ Elasticsearch
➢ Microsoft Access
➢ SQLite

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