Short Answer Questions

1. What could be the possible sources of interference which may limit the performance of cellular
communications system?

2. Let the radius of the split cells be 50% of the radius of the original cell (before splitting). Show that the
coverage area of a split cell is one-fourth the coverage area of the original cell.

3. Outline the categories for specifying the performance criteria of a cellular system.

4. A large city with an area of 1000 km 2 is required to be covered by a finite number of cells with a radius
of 2 km each. How many cell sites would be required, assuming regular hexagonal shaped cells?
Compute the frequency reuse distance if a frequency reuse factor of 7 is considered?

5. Identify the methods to reduce the cochannel interference in cellular communication network.

6. Outline the elements of cellular mobile radio system design?

7. Outline the limitations of conventional mobile telephone systems?

8. Which antenna parameters can affect the cellular system design so as to improve the signal quality by
reducing cochannel interference?

9. Calculate cochannel interference reduction factor for a cell radius of 2 km and the distance between
two cochannel cells of 9.2 Km.

10.Distingush between Cell and Cell- Site.

Long Answer Questions

1. Illustrate a basic cellular system with the help of a neat diagram.

2. Derive the expression for desired C/I from a normal case in an omni-directional antenna system.

3. Discuss the hand-off mechanism with the help of a neat diagram.

4. Derive the expression for C/I of a directional antenna system considering 6-sector case when the
mobile receiver is located at the boundary of its serving cell.

5. Distinguish between next-channel interference and neighboring channel interference.

6. Choose any three situations that gives rise to crosstalk in cellular radio systems and explain in detail.

7. How could the problem of interference between systems in scenario of one city be solved?
8. Show that C/I performance of 3-sector cellular design improves over omnidirectional design by more
than 6 dB. Assume propagation path-loss exponent as 4 and cluster size 7 in a regular hexagonal cellular
pattern.

9. Enumerate the categories for specifying the performance criteria of a cellular system design.

10. Illustrate the uniqueness of mobile radio environment with suitable equations and diagram.

11. Compare the interference from the first tier of six interferers with that from twelve interferers (first
tier and second tier) for a 7 cell reuse pattern.

12. Derive the expression for worst case C/I in an omni-directional antenna system when the mobile
receiver is located at the boundary of its serving cell.

13. Examine how the different antenna combinations avoid the cochannel interference by use of
parasitic elements which provides the desired pattern.

14. Choose any two systems and draw interference between two cellular geographic service area (CGSA)
systems, find interference between systems .

15. What is the concept of frequency reuse and explain how this is useful in increasing the system
capacity?

16. Derive the expression for general formula of carrier-to-interference (C/I) ratio.

17. Illustrate the operation of cellular telephone system from the customer’s perception.

18. Elaborate the important categories for specifying performance criteria in cellular communication
system.

19. Derive the expression for C/I of a directional antenna system considering 3-sector case when the
mobile receiver is located at the boundary of its serving cell.

20. Illustrate how the concept of lowering the antenna height affect the co-channel interference for
different cases with relevant figures and equations.

21. How the near-end-far-end interference problem is avoided in a cellular mobile radio system design.

22. How could the interference between systems in scenario of adjacent cities be avoided?
 PROBLEMS

1.A mobile communication system is allocated RF spectrum of 25 MHz and uses RF channel bandwidth
of 25 KHz so that a total number of 1000 voice channels can be supported in the system.

i. If the service area is divided into 20 cells with a frequency reuse factor of 4, compute system
capacity.
ii. The cell size is reduced to the extent that the service area is now covered with 100 cells.
Compute the system capacity while keeping the reuse factor as 4.
Comment on the results obtained.

2. Compute the worst case C/I value at the mobile receiver located at the boundary of its serving cell if it
is under the influence of interfering signals from two nearest co-channel interfering cells in a cellular
system. The system is designed with 3-sector directional antenna system with a reuse pattern of 4. Does
this system yield an adequate value of C/I for a practical system which requires 6 dB higher than the
theoretical value of C/I = 18 dB?

3. Consider a cellular system with 395 total allocated voice channel frequencies. Calculate the C/I for
cell reuse factor equal to 4 and 7. Assume omnidirectional antennas with six interferers in the first tier
and for path loss exponent of 4.

4. cellular system is designed with a 6-sector directional antenna configuration. A cluster pattern of size
7 is deployed. Let the mobile receiver be located at the boundary of its operating cell, and be under the
influence of interfering signals from two co-channel interfering cells in the first tier. Compute the worst
case carrier-to- interference ratio C/I at the mobile receiver. If the C/I value for a practical system
requires 6 dB higher than the theoretical value of C/I = 18 dB then comment on the results obtained.
Assume the path loss exponent as 4 in a mobile radio environment.

5. Assume a cellular system of 32 cells with a cell radius of 1.6 km, a total spectrum that supports 336
traffic channels and a reuse pattern of 7.Calculate the total service area covered with this configuration,
the number of channels per cell, and a total system capacity. Assume regular hexagonal cellular
topology.

6. A mobile communication system is allocated a total number of 1000 voice channels that can be
supported in the system.
 i. If the service area is divided into 20 cells with a frequency reuse factor of 4, compute system
capacity.
ii. The cell size is reduced to the extent that the service area is now covered with 100 cells.
Compute the system capacity while keeping the reuse factor as 4.
Comment on the results obtained.

7. A new cellular service provider decides to employ a cluster of 12 cells for frequency reuse and an
omni-directional antenna system. Calculate the worst case C/I (in dB) at the mobile unit, when it is
receiving co-channel interference from first tier co-channel cells only. Assume path loss exponent as 4 in
a mobile radio environment.

8. A cellular system is designed with 100 cell-sites deployed with a frequency reuse factor of 4 and an
overall of 500 full duplex channels. Determine the number of channels per cell, total number of channels
available to the service provider, and minimum required C/I of the system in dB in a mobile radio
environment.