1

1. Type of different cell

(i) Is the reaction in the cell exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer. (1)

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(ii) Explain why the mass of magnesium electrode decreases and the mass of copper electrode
increase. (2)

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(iii) How could you use this cell to determine which is the more reactive metal, magnesium or
manganese? (2)

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2015/s/33
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2. A dry cell (battery) has a central rod, usually made of graphite. This is the positive electrode
which is surrounded by the electrolyte, typically a paste of ammonium chloride and manganese
(IV) oxide, all of which are in a zinc container which is the negative electrode.

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to indicate the direction of electron flow. (1)

(ii) Suggest why the electrolyte is paste (1)

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(iii) The following change occur in a dry cell.

For each change, decide if it is oxidation or reduction and give a reason for your choice. (2)

Zn to Zn2+

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Manganese (IV) oxide to manganese (III) oxide

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2014/w/32
3. A fuel csell produces electrical energy by the oxidation of a fuel by oxygen.
The fuel is usually hydrogen but methane and methanol are two other fuels which may be used.
A diagram of hydrogen fuel cell is given below.
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(a) When the fuel is hydrogen, the only product is water.

What additional product would be formed if methane was used? (1)

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(b) Write the equation for the chemical reaction that take place in hydrogen fuel cell. (1)

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(c) At which electrode does oxidation occur? Explain your choice. (1)

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(d) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at this electrode. (2)

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(e) Fuel cells are used to propel cars.

Give two advantages of a fuel cell over a gasoline-fuelled engine. (2)

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4. S(g) + 2F2(g) SF6 2014/w/33

The reaction is exothermic.

(i) Compltete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow which clearly shows
the energy change during the reaction.
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........................................kJ/mol
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5 The structures of the reactants and products of this reaction are shown.

H H H H H H

H C C C H + Cl Cl → H C C C H

H H Cl Cl

Some bond energies are shown in the table.

bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol
C–C 347
C=C 612
C–H 413
C–Cl 339
Cl –Cl 242

Calculate the energy change for the reaction between propene and chlorine using the
following steps.

● Calculate the energy needed to break the bonds.

.............................. kJ

● Calculate the energy released when bonds are formed.

.............................. kJ

● Calculate the energy change for the reaction between propene and chlorine.

.............................. kJ / mol
[3]

0620/42/M/J/20
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4 
Hydrogen and oxygen react together in a hydrogen fuel cell. A hydrogen fuel cell is shown in the
diagram.

hydrogen oxygen
H2 O2

electrolyte
water

membrane

(a) Name the process by which oxygen is obtained from air.

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© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17

(b) (i) In a hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen molecules are converted into hydrogen ions, H+,
according to the ionic half-equation shown.

H2 2H+ + 2e–

What type of reaction does this ionic half-equation represent?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What type of substance reacts by donating hydrogen ions, H+?

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction that occurs in a hydrogen fuel cell.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Hydrogen fuel cells are being developed as alternatives to petrol engines in cars.

(i) Give one advantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells compared to petrol engines.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) S
 ome fuel cells use ethanol, C2H5OH, instead of hydrogen. Carbon dioxide and water are
products of the reaction in an ethanol fuel cell.

(i) Write a chemical equation for the overall reaction occurring in an ethanol fuel cell.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)  tate an environmental problem caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the
S
atmosphere.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Name the process by which ethanol can be manufactured from a renewable resource.

. ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) Name the process occurring when electrical energy is used to break down an ionic compound.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2017 0620/43/O/N/17 [Turn over