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C Electrical Servo Motors

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13 views

C Electrical Servo Motors

Uploaded by

harjasjassar2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C.

ELECTRICAL SERVO
MOTORS
General Learning Objectives
▪ Understand the fundamentals and features of electrical servo
motors in general
▪ Know the differences in construction and usage of AC and DC
servo motors
▪ Know how to operate the servo motors

Topic: Electrical Servo Motors Sub-Topics:


1.1 Salient Feature of DC and AC Servo Motors
• Specific Learning Objectives:
1.1 Salient Feature of DC and AC Servo Motors
1.1.1 Describe a DC Servo motor and explain how it varies from
the common motor
1.1.2 Explain the problems of using a three phase AC Machine
as a servo motor
1.1.3 Describe the applications of a two-phase AC Servomotor,
explaining how its characteristics can be varied.
SERVO MOTOR
• A servo motor is one of the widely used variable speed drives in industrial
production and process automation and building technology worldwide.
• Although servo motors are not a specific class of motor, they are intended
and designed to use in motion control applications which require high
accuracy positioning, quick reversing and exceptional performance.
• These are widely used in robotics, radar systems, automated
manufacturing systems, machine tools, computers, CNC machines,
tracking systems, etc.
• A servo motor is a linear or rotary actuator that provides fast precision
position control for closed-loop position control applications. Unlike large
industrial motors, a servo motor is not used for continuous energy
conversion.
• Servo motors have a high speed response due to low inertia and are
designed with small diameter and long rotor length
• Servo motors work on servo mechanism that uses position feedback to
control the speed and final position of the motor. Internally, a servo motor
combines a motor, feedback circuit, controller and other electronic circuit.
It uses encoder or speed sensor to provide speed feedback and position. This
feedback signal is compared with input command position (desired position
of the motor corresponding to a load), and produces the error signal (if there
exist a difference between them).

The error signal available at the output of error detector is not enough to
drive the motor. So the error detector followed by a servo amplifier raises the
voltage and power level of the error signal and then turns the shaft of the
motor to desired position.
Types of Servo Motors
• Basically, servo motors are classified into AC and DC servo
motors depending upon the nature of supply used for its
operation. Brushed permanent magnet DC servo motors are
used for simple applications owing to their cost, efficiency and
simplicity.
• These are best suited for smaller applications. With the
advancement of microprocessor and power transistor, AC
servo motors are used more often due to their high accuracy
control.
1.1.3 Describe the applications of a two-phase AC Servomotor,
explaining how its characteristics can be varied.
DC Servomotor
• Definition: A type of servomotor that uses DC electrical input to
generate mechanical output like velocity, acceleration or position is
known as DC servomotor. It is somewhat similar to a normal DC motor.
However, there exist some differences between a normal dc motor and
dc servomotor.
• Basically, DC servomotors of all types are required to be excited
individually. This leads to provide linear characteristics between torque
and speed.
• We have already discussed in our previous article that servomotors are
the devices that are used to change electrical input into positional
mechanical output. A normal dc motor that utilizes the principle of
servomechanism simply converted into a dc servomotor.
• More simply, we can say that a DC motor controlled with
servomechanism is known as DC servomotor.
• It is known to us that the type of input applied to the servomotor leads
to its classification as AC servomotor and DC servomotor.
• So, in the case of DC servomotor, the applied dc input causes
the motor to rotate and acquire the desired position at the
specified angle. It is a closed-loop operation and uses position
feedback to precisely adjust the position at the desired angle.
• The DC servomotor is further classified on the basis of control
provided to it. Basically, controlling to the DC servomotor is
either provided from the field side or from the armature side.
And this further classifies the DC servomotor.
1.1.1 Describe a DC Servo motor and explain how it varies from the
common motor
1) Field Controlled DC Servomotor
• In this type of DC servomotor, the controlling is provided to the
field winding. More specifically, we can say, the controlled signal
received from the amplifier is fed to the field winding. Thus, it is
named so.
• While the armature current is maintained at a constant value using
a constant current source.
2) Armature Controlled DC Servomotor
• In armature controlled dc servomotor, the controlling is provided at
the armature. This means, here the signal from the servo amplifier is
provided at the armature and constant current is provided at the field
winding.
• The voltage from the servo amplifier, Va(t) with resistance Ra and
inductance La is provided at the armature. And this input voltage at the
armature controls the shaft.
• The Technological lines separating induction motors from servo
motors are beginning blur at many point’s.
• An induction motor is an electric motor that works on the
principle of electromagnetic induction. An induction motor is the
most modest electrical machine from the construction point of
view, in the majority of the cases.
• A servomotor is a linear actuator or rotary actuator that entitles
for accurate control of linear or angular position, acceleration, and
velocity.
• Here’s a quick look at their traditional difference between servo
motor and induction motor, perhaps some common areas.

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