EXPERIMENT NO-

Aim-To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Part A - Physical properties.
a. Colour - colourless
b. Odour – order of sprit or wine
c. Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d. Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
Part- B Chemical properties

Result – The experimental observation shows the presence of Alcoholic group – OH.
Equations –
a) C2H5OH + Na → C2H5ONa + ½ H2
b) C2H5OH + (NH4)2Ce (NO3)6→ (C2H5OH)2Ce (NO3)4 + (NH4)2NO3
c) C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COO C2H5 + H2
EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim-To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Part A - Physical properties.
a) Colour – colourless/ pink
b) Odour – pleasant odour (may be phenol)
c) Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d) Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
Part- B Chemical properties
Sl no experiment Observation inference
1 Unsaturation test- To the KMnO4 do not get Compound is saturated
given organic compound add decolourised.
alkaline KMnO4 solution
2 Litmus Test – Put a drop of No change is observed Alcoholic or carboxyl
sample on blue litmus and group is absent
red litmus.
3 Test for carboxylic group- add No CO2 evolve Carboxylic group absent
a pinch of NaHCO3 to the
given sample
4 Test for phenol – to the given VOILET is obtained Phenolic group confirm
sample add 2- 3 ml of Neutral
FeCl3 soln
5 Azo dye test:-Compound + Orange red dye Phenolic group confirmed
NaNO2 + conc. HCl and add
aniline
Result – The experimental observation shows the presence of Phenolic group Ar-OH confirmed
Equations –
a) C6H5OH + FeCl3 → [(C6H5O) 6Fe]3- + 3HCl
b)

EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim-To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Part A - Physical properties.
Part A - Physical properties
a) Colour – colourless
b) Odour – typical foul odour – May be aldehyde
c) Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d) Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
Part- B Chemical properties—
Sl no experiment Observation inference
1 Unsaturation test- To the KMnO4 do not get Compound is saturated
given organic compound add decolourised.
alkaline KMnO4 solution
2 Litmus Test – Put a drop of No change is observed Alcoholic or carboxyl is
sample on blue litmus and absent.
red litmus
3 Test for carboxylic group- add
 a pinch of NaHCO3 to the No CO2 evolve Carboxylic group is absent
given sample.
4 Test for phenol – to the given No violet colour obtained Phenolic group is absent.
sample add 2- 3 ml of Neutral
FeCl3 soln
5 Test for carbonyl group – Add Orange yellow ppt formed Carbonyl group may be an
1 ml of sample add 2-3 ml of aldehyde or ketone
2,4 DNP (dinitro
phenylhydrazine)
6 Test for aldehyde group:- Red ppt formed -CHO group confirmed
Added 1ml Fehling solution
to given organic compound &
heated on water bath.
7 Added Tollen’s reagent to Silver mirror on inside wall -CHO group confirmed
organic compound and warm of the test tube
it in water bath

Result – The experimental observation shows the presence of aldehyde group -CHO confirmed.
Equations:-

EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim-To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Part A - Physical properties.
a) Colour – colourless
b) Odour – Nail polish remover/ thinner like smell
c) Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d) Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
Part- B Chemical properties
Sl no experiment Observation inference
1 Unsaturation test- To the KMnO4 do not get Compound is saturated
given organic compound add decolourised.
alkaline KMnO4 solution
2 Litmus Test – Put a drop of No change is observed Alcoholic or carboxyl is
sample on blue litmus and absent.
red litmus
3 Test for carboxylic group- add
a pinch of NaHCO3 to the No CO2 evolve Carboxylic group is absent
given sample.
4 Test for phenol – to the given No violet colour obtained Phenolic group is absent.
 sample add 2- 3 ml of Neutral
FeCl3 soln
5 Test for carbonyl group – Add Orange yellow ppt formed Carbonyl group may be an
1 ml of sample add 2-3 ml of aldehyde or ketone
2,4 DNP (dinitro
phenylhydrazine)
6 Test for Ketonic group: Red colour appeared Ketonic group confirmed
Added 1 ml sodium
nitroprusside solution to
given organic Compound &
then added NaOH solution
dropwise
7 Add 1ml finely powdered m- Violet colour appeared Ketonic group confirmed
dintrobenzene to given
organic Compound & then
added NaOH soln.
Result – The experimental observation shows the presence of ketonic group > C=O confirmed.

EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim-To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Part A - Physical properties
a. Colour - colourless
b. Odour – order of Vinegar – may be carboxylic acid
c. Solubility in Water - soluble in water
d. Solubility in dil HCl – soluble in Dil Hcl
Part- B Chemical properties-
Sl no experiment Observation inference
1 Unsaturation test- To the KMnO4 do not get Compound is saturated
given organic compound add decolourised.
alkaline KMnO4 solution
2 Litmus Test – Put a drop of No change is observed Alcoholic or carboxyl
sample on blue litmus and group is absent
red litmus.
3 Test for carboxylic group: Effervescence with Carboxylic group is
Sodium bi carbonate test: evolution of colour less and present.
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 to odourless gas which turns
small amount of Organic lime water milky
compound
4 B.Ester test: Added ethanol Pleasant fruity smell Carboxylic group present
to organic Compound and
 then added 2-3 drops of
conc. H2SO4 to it and
warmed in water bath for
few min

Result – The experimental observation shows the presence of Carboxylic group – OH

Equations:-
a) CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → CH3COO Na + H2O +CO2
b) C2H5OH + CH3COOH → CH3COO C2H5 + H2O.

EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim : To detect the presence of carbohydrate in food.
Appeartus required : Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner etc.
Theory : Carbohydrates are Polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, their derivatives and the
substance which yield them on hydrolysis carbohydrates are classified as sugars and non sugars.
Sugars like glucose, fructose and cane sugar are crystalline. Among sugars, glucose, fructose and
lactose are reducing while sucrose is non reducing sugar.

EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim : To detect presence of fats in given food sample.
Apparatus required : Test tube stand, test tube holder, burner etc.
Theory : Fats and oil are esters of long chain fatty acids and glycerol and thus also called glycerides.
Fats contains
saturated fatty acids while oil contain unsaturated fatty acids.
Test :

Spot Test : Put a small amount of Translucent spot Fat is present.

sample on a filter paper and press appears on the filter
with another filter paper . paper
Acrolein test : Take a few drops of Irritating smell appears Fat is present.
sample in a test tube. Add few drops due to the form of
of potassium bisulphite to it and acrolein vapours
Heat.
Solubility test : Take a small amount Sample does not Fat is present
of sample in 3 test tubes. Add water, dissolve in H2O but is
alcohol and chloroform in 1, 2, 3 test soluble in alcohol on
tube respectively heating and soluble in
chloroform.
Result : Fat is present.
EXPERIMENT NO-
Aim : To study proteins from sample and detect their presence in food sample.
Apparatus required : Test tube stand, test tube holder, glass rod, burner etc.
Theory : Proteins are high molecular mass, long chain polymers composed of amino acid. Amino acids
are molecule that have both -NH2 and –COOH group.
Test :