Chapter 3 : Combining Data from Multiple Sources:

Save a workbook as a template:

If you often use the same layout or data in a workbook, save it as a template so you
can use the template to create more workbooks instead of starting from scratch.

You can use one of your own templates to create a new workbook, or you can use
one of the many predefined templates that you can download from Microsoft Office
Online.

1. If you’re saving a workbook to a template for the first time, start by setting
the default personal templates location:
1. Click File > Options.
2. Click Save, and then under Save workbooks, enter the path to the
personal templates location in the Default personal templates
location box.
This path is typically: C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\Custom
Office Templates.

3. Click OK.
Once this option is set, all custom templates you save to the My
Templates folder automatically appear under Personal on the New
page (File > New).
2. Open the workbook you want to use as a template.
 3. Click File > Export.
4. Under Export, click Change File Type.
5. In the Workbook File Types box, double-click Template.
6. In the File name box, type the name you want to use for the template.
7. Click Save, and then close the template.

Create a workbook based on the template

With the template you created above, you can create a new workbook. This section
tells you how to do that.

Note: Alternately, you can browse for various online templates in Excel and use
them instead. For more information, see Download free, pre-built templates.

1. Click File > New.

2. Click Personal.

3. Double-click the template you just created.

Excel creates a new workbook that is based on your template.
Linking to Data in Other Worksheets and Workbooks:

https://www.keynotesupport.com/excel-basics/excel-linking-worksheets.shtml

Defining an Alternative Data Set, Defining Multiple Alternative Data Sets:

A Scenario is a set of values that Excel saves and can substitute automatically on
your worksheet. You can create and save different groups of values as scenarios
and then switch between these scenarios to view the different results.

If several people have specific information that you want to use in scenarios, you can
collect the information in separate workbooks, and then merge the scenarios from
the different workbooks into one.

After you have all the scenarios you need, you can create a scenario summary
report that incorporates information from all the scenarios.

Scenarios are managed with the Scenario Manager wizard from the What-If Analysis
group on the Data tab.

Suppose that you want to create a budget but are uncertain of your revenue. By
using scenarios, you can define different possible values for the revenue and then
switch between scenarios to perform what-if analyses.

For example, assume that your worst case budget scenario is Gross Revenue of
$50,000 and Costs of Goods Sold of $13,200, leaving $36,800 in Gross Profit. To
define this set of values as a scenario, you first enter the values in a worksheet, as
shown in the following illustration:

The Changing cells have values that you type in, while the Result cell contains a
formula that is based on the Changing cells (in this illustration cell B4 has the
formula =B2-B3).
You then use the Scenario Manager dialog to save these values as a scenario.
Goto the Data tab > What-If Analysis > Scenario Manager > Add.

In the Scenario name dialog, name the scenario Worst Case, and specify that cells
B2 and B3 are the values that change between scenarios. If you select the
Changing cells on your worksheet before adding a Scenario, the Scenario Manager
will automatically insert the cells for you, otherwise you can type them by hand, or
use the cell selection dialog to the right of the Changing cells dialog box.
Note: Although this example contains only two changing cells (B2 and B3), a
scenario can contain up to 32 cells.

Protection – You can also protect your scenarios, so in the Protection section check
the options that you want, or uncheck them if you don't want any protection.

■ Select Prevent Changes to prevent editing the scenario when the

worksheet is protected.
■ Select Hidden to prevent displaying the scenario when the worksheet is
protected.

Note: These options apply only to protected worksheets. For more information about
protected worksheets, see Protect a worksheet
Now suppose that your Best Case budget scenario is Gross Revenue of $150,000
and Costs of Goods Sold of $26,000, leaving $124,000 in Gross Profit. To define this
set of values as a scenario, you create another scenario, name it Best Case, and
supply different values for cell B2 (150,000) and cell B3 (26,000). Because Gross
Profit (cell B4) is a formula - the difference between Revenue (B2) and Costs (B3) -
you do not change cell B4 for the Best Case scenario.

After you save a scenario, it becomes available in the list of scenarios that you can
use in your what-if analyses. Given the values in the preceding illustration, if you
chose to display the Best Case scenario, the values in the worksheet would change
to resemble the following illustration:
Read more on:
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using-scenarios-2068afb1-ecdf-4956-9822-19ec479f55a2

Goal Seek:
If you know the result that you want from a formula, but are not sure what input value
the formula needs to get that result, use the Goal Seek feature. For example,
suppose that you need to borrow some money. You know how much money you
want, how long you want to take to pay off the loan, and how much you can afford to
pay each month. You can use Goal Seek to determine what interest rate you will
need to secure in order to meet your loan goal.

Step-by-step with an example

Let's look at the preceding example, step-by-step.

Because you want to calculate the loan interest rate needed to meet your goal, you
use the PMT function. The PMT function calculates a monthly payment amount. In
this example, the monthly payment amount is the goal that you seek.

Prepare the worksheet

1. Open a new, blank worksheet.

2. First, add some labels in the first column to make it easier to read the
worksheet.
1. In cell A1, type Loan Amount.
2. In cell A2, type Term in Months.
3. In cell A3, type Interest Rate.
4. In cell A4, type Payment.
3. Next, add the values that you know.
1. In cell B1, type 100000. This is the amount that you want to
borrow.
2. In cell B2, type 180. This is the number of months that you want to
pay off the loan.
Note: Although you know the payment amount that you want, you
 do not enter it as a value, because the payment amount is a result
of the formula. Instead, you add the formula to the worksheet and
specify the payment value at a later step, when you use Goal
Seek.
4. Next, add the formula for which you have a goal. For the example, use
the PMT function:
1. In cell B4, type =PMT(B3/12,B2,B1). This formula calculates the
payment amount. In this example, you want to pay $900 each
month. You don't enter that amount here, because you want to use
Goal Seek to determine the interest rate, and Goal Seek requires
that you start with a formula.
The formula refers to cells B1 and B2, which contain values that
you specified in preceding steps. The formula also refers to cell B3,
which is where you will specify that Goal Seek put the interest rate.
The formula divides the value in B3 by 12 because you specified a
monthly payment, and the PMT function assumes an annual
interest rate.
Because there is no value in cell B3, Excel assumes a 0% interest
rate and, using the values in the example, returns a payment of
$555.56. You can ignore that value for now.

Use Goal Seek to determine the interest rate

1. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click What-If Analysis, and
then click Goal Seek.
2. In the Set cell box, enter the reference for the cell that contains the
formula that you want to resolve. In the example, this reference is cell B4.
3. In the To value box, type the formula result that you want. In the
example, this is -900. Note that this number is negative because it
represents a payment.
4. In the By changing cell box, enter the reference for the cell that contains
the value that you want to adjust. In the example, this reference is cell B3.
 Note: The cell that Goal Seek changes must be referenced by the
formula in the cell that you specified in the Set cell box.
5. Click OK.

Goal Seek runs and produces a result, as shown in the following

illustration.

Cells B1, B2, and B3 are the values for the loan amount, term length, and
interest rate.
Cell B4 displays the result of the formula =PMT(B3/12,B2,B1).
6. Finally, format the target cell (B3) so that it displays the result as a
percentage.
1. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click Percentage.
2. Click Increase Decimal or Decrease Decimal to set the number
of decimal places.

Find optimal solutions using solver:

Solver is a Microsoft Excel add-in program you can use for what-if analysis. Use
Solver to find an optimal (maximum or minimum) value for a formula in one cell —
called the objective cell — subject to constraints, or limits, on the values of other
formula cells on a worksheet. Solver works with a group of cells, called decision
variables or simply variable cells that are used in computing the formulas in the
objective and constraint cells. Solver adjusts the values in the decision variable cells
to satisfy the limits on constraint cells and produce the result you want for the
objective cell.

Put simply, you can use Solver to determine the maximum or minimum value of one
cell by changing other cells. For example, you can change the amount of your
projected advertising budget and see the effect on your projected profit amount.
In the following example, the level of advertising in each quarter affects the number
of units sold, indirectly determining the amount of sales revenue, the associated
expenses, and the profit. Solver can change the quarterly budgets for advertising
(decision variable cells B5:C5), up to a total budget constraint of $20,000 (cell F5),
until the total profit (objective cell F7) reaches the maximum possible amount. The
values in the variable cells are used to calculate the profit for each quarter, so they
are related to the formula objective cell F7, =SUM (Q1 Profit:Q2 Profit).

1. Variable cells

2. Constrained cell

3. Objective cell

After Solver runs, the new values are as follows.

Define and solve a problem

1. On the Data tab, in the Analysis group, click Solver.

Note: If the Solver command or the Analysis group is not available, you
need to activate the Solver add-in. See: How to activate the Solver
 add-in.

2. In the Set Objective box, enter a cell reference or name for the objective
cell. The objective cell must contain a formula.
3. Do one of the following:
■ If you want the value of the objective cell to be as large as
possible, click Max.
■ If you want the value of the objective cell to be as small as
possible, click Min.
■ If you want the objective cell to be a certain value, click Value
of, and then type the value in the box.
■ In the By Changing Variable Cells box, enter a name or
reference for each decision variable cell range. Separate the
non-adjacent references with commas. The variable cells must
 be related directly or indirectly to the objective cell. You can
specify up to 200 variable cells.
4. In the Subject to the Constraints box, enter any constraints that you
want to apply by doing the following:
■ In the Solver Parameters dialog box, click Add.
■ In the Cell Reference box, enter the cell reference or name of the
cell range for which you want to constrain the value.
■ Click the relationship ( <=, =, >=, int, bin, or dif ) that you want
between the referenced cell and the constraint.If you click int,
integer appears in the Constraint box. If you click bin, binary
appears in the Constraint box. If you click dif, alldifferent appears
in the Constraint box.
■ If you choose <=, =, or >= for the relationship in the Constraint
box, type a number, a cell reference or name, or a formula.
■ Do one of the following:
■ To accept the constraint and add another, click Add.
■ To accept the constraint and return to the Solver
Parameters dialog box, click OK.
NoteYou can apply the int, bin, and dif relationships
only in constraints on decision variable cells.
You can change or delete an existing constraint by
doing the following:
■ In the Solver Parameters dialog box, click the constraint that you
want to change or delete.
■ Click Change and then make your changes, or click Delete.
5. Click Solve and do one of the following:
■ To keep the solution values on the worksheet, in the Solver
Results dialog box, click Keep Solver Solution.
■ To restore the original values before you clicked Solve, click
Restore Original Values.
■ You can interrupt the solution process by pressing Esc. Excel
recalculates the worksheet with the last values that are found
for the decision variable cells.
■ To create a report that is based on your solution after Solver
finds a solution, you can click a report type in the Reports box
 and then click OK. The report is created on a new worksheet
in your workbook. If Solver doesn't find a solution, only certain
reports or no reports are available.
■ To save your decision variable cell values as a scenario that
you can display later, click Save Scenario in the Solver
Results dialog box, and then type a name for the scenario in
the Scenario Name box.

Analyzing data using descriptive statistics:

DESCRIPITIVE STATISTICS:

The purpose of a descriptive statistics is to summarize data.

Descriptive statistics consists of three basic categories of measures:

1. Measures of central tendency
2. Measures of dispersion
3. Measures of frequency distribution

1.MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

● Measures of central tendency describes the central part of the data sets which
includes mean , median and mode.

● For measures of central tendency we can use average , median and

mode.multi or mode.singl functions.

● For example ,
● median =median(number1,number2..)

2.Measures of dispersion

With the use of dispersion we are able to get the values which represents the
distribution of the data sets

Measures of dispersion consists :

● quartile deviation

● Standard deviation
 ● Correlation

● Range

3. MEASURES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION

The frequency of a particular value is the number of times the value occurs in the
data.

The distribution of a variable is pattern of frequencies, meaning the set of all

possible values and frequencies associated with these values .

Frequency distribution consists functions like :

● Count

● Counta

● Countifs

● Countblank etc.

Looking up information:

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or-match-68297403-7c3c-4150-9e3c-4d348188976b

Note that you can also attempt questions in exam according to

your internet search and based on your understanding, It is not
necessary that you should write from this pdf only.