Faculty of Science

SHREE RAMKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION

AND APPLIED SCIENCES, SURAT

Post Graduate Diploma in Medical

Laboratory Technology
(PGDMLT)

Syllabus

(Effective from 2021)

M.T.B College Campus, B/h P.T.Science College, Opp. Chowpati,

Athwalines, Surat-395001 Gujarat, India
Contact: 7228018498, 728018499. Email: [email protected]
 Post Graduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology
No. Contents
A About PGDMLT Programme
B Programme Objective
C Eligibility
D Course Structure
E Evaluation Scheme
F Syllabus

A. About Post Graduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory TechnologyProgramme

The Post Graduate Diploma inMedical Laboratory Technology programme offered by
Sarvajanik University is of one year duration and is consist of two semesters. The various
courses of the programme are designed to include classroom teaching and lectures, laboratory
work and field trips. Three categories of courses are being offered in this programme: Core
courses, Skill enhancement courses and Elective course.Students who are trained in this
programme develop an in-depth exposure into the depths of this field. This post graduate
course provides with specialised training in the scientific methods of detecting, treating,
curing and preventing human diseases and infection through laboratory test. Such technician
maintains a position of great significance in health care industry. This is practical oriented
course will allow students to prepare solutions, collect and examine samples, analyse results
and draw conclusion.Students can pursue their career as technician Academics, R & D
Laboratories, Multispecialty hospitals, Primary health centres, corporate organization, &
Independent practice.

B. Programme Objective
 The student will be instilled with values of professional ethics and be made ready to
contribute to society as responsible individuals.
 Programme aims to equip students to setup and manage specialized clinical
laboratories and to deliver better health care System to the public and practice as
specialized technologists in the concerned subject.
 The program allows students to learn the manner and usage of laboratory related
techniques and machineries. The students also get to learn to analyse, test and
examine laboratory samples in-which is used for the purpose providing the necessary
medical assistance and care for the patients facing any sickness.

C. Eligibility

 A candidate must have passed the Bachelor’s degree in Microbiology/ Medical

Technology/Biotechnology /Environmental Science/Industrial Microbiology
/Bioscience/General Science/ Life-Science / Botany/Plant Science/Zoology/Animal
Science/ Biology /Chemistry (with Biology) /Agriculture /Fisheries /Forestry
/B.Pharm/ B.Sc. Nursing/ others or B.Physio/ M.B.B.S/ BDS/ BAMS/ BHMS
  The candidate who has passed equivalent exam from other subjects or boards need to
avail eligibility certificate for this programme from the Board of Equivalence (BoE)
of the Sarvajanik University.

D. Post Graduate Diploma in Medical Laboratory TechnologyCourse Structure

Sem Course Course Paper Title Hour/Week Credi

Type Code t
Th Pr
1 Core DSC-1 Principles of Clinical Bacteriology, 4 4 4+2
course Virology & Mycology
DSC-2 Clinical Pathology &Immunology 4 4 4+2
SEC SEC-1 Histopathology & Parasitology 4 4 4+2
Elective DSE-1 4 4 4+2
2 Core DSC-3 Clinical Biochemistry 4 4 4+2
course DSC-4 Haematology & Blood Transfusion 4 4 4+2
SEC SEC-2 Instrumentation and analytical techniques 4 4 4+2
Elective DSE-2 4 4 4+2
Total Credit 48
Note: DSC – Discipline Specific Core, DSE - – Discipline Specific Elective, SEC - Skill
Enhancement Course

Semester DSE (Any one to be opt)

1 1. Food Chemistry
2. Energy and Environment
3. Laboratory safety and management
4. Bioethics& Biosafety
2 1. Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
2. Bioinformatics & Other “OMICS”
3. IPR
4. Biostatistics.
E. Evaluation Scheme
Evaluation Criteria Theory Practical
Continuous 40 60
&Comprehensive
Internal Evaluation (CCE)
Attendance 10 10
Assignment 20 ----
Internal Practical Test ---- 70
and Viva – Voce /
Internal assessment ---- ----
External External Evaluation 30 60
Total 100 200
 F. Syllabus
Semester 1
Principles of Clinical Bacteriology, Virology & Mycology

Name of faculty: Science Department: Microbiology

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type:DSC-1

Subject:Principles of Clinical Bacteriology, Virology & Mycology

Credit: 4+2 Total learning hours: 60

Course description: This course has been prepared to instruct basic and medically relevant
information on the microbes, viruses and fungi.The microbial structure, growth and development,
methods and role of sterilization in the context of study of microbes are included. It includes
preservation and maintenance of pure cultures. It also covers basic principles of viral and fungal
classification, structures, clinical diseases and laboratory diagnostic methods.

Student learning outcome:

 Demonstrate theory and practical skills in microscopy and their handling techniques
and staining procedures
 Understand the basic microbial structure and function and study the comparative
characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
 Know various Culture media and their applications and also understand various
physical and chemical means of sterilization
 Know microbial techniques for isolation of pure cultures of bacteria and suitable drug
for treatment.
 Know viruses with their structure, lab. Diagnosis and preventive measures.
 Explain fungi including their morphology and different techniques of lab. Diagnosis.
 Discuss various viral and fungal diseases of human.

Unit-1: Introduction to Clinical Bacteriology (Duration: 08 Hrs)

1.1 Evolution and History of microbiology
1.2 Classification of microorganisms, General characteristics of prokaryotes &
eukaryotes
1.3 Introduction to Bacterial cell structures

Unit-2: Microscopy (Duration: 08 Hrs)

2.1 Types of microscopes: Principles & Components of- Light microscope; DGI;
Fluorescent; Phase contrast
2.2 Electron microscope: Transmission/ Scanning
 2.3 Importance and applications of dyes, stains, fixatives, mordent and intensifiers.

Unit-3: Pure Cultures and Cultural Characteristics (Duration: 08 Hrs)

3.1 Methods of isolation of pure culture
3.2 Bacteriological media
3.3 Maintenance and preservation of pure culture

Unit-4: Sterilization and Disinfection (Duration: 08 Hrs)

4.1 Introduction and Definition
4.2 Physical and Chemical Methods
4.3 Ideal characteristics and mode of action of disinfectants.

Unit-5: Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. (Duration: 08 Hrs)

5.1 Collection, preservation, transport, processing and disposal of following clinical
samples for culture: Blood, Throat, Sputum, Pus, Urine, Stool, C.S.F
5.2 Antibiotic susceptibility test by disk diffusion technique.
5.3 Automation: BACTEK, VITEK

Unit-6: Diseases caused, Lab Diagnosis and Prevention of-(Duration: 06 Hrs)

6.1Human immunodeficiency viruses
6.2Chikunguinea
6.3Hepatitis viruses
6.4 Dengue

Unit-7: General Properties of Fungi (Duration: 06 Hrs)

7.1 The morphology of fungi
7.2Classification of fungi
7.3 Specimen collection & diagnostic methods of fungal infection

Unit-8: Morphology, Cultural and biochemical Characteristics of following bacteria:

(Duration: 08 Hrs)
8.1 Identification of microorganisms by morphological, cultural and biochemical
characteristics: Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli;
Klebsiellaspp.;Enterobacteraerogenes; Proteus vulgaris; Salmonella spp.;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Reference Book:
 Ananthnarayan R. and JayramPaniker C.K. Text book of Medical
Microbiology,5thEdn. Orient Longman, Madras. (ISBN: 9788173718892)
 Cheesbrough Monica ,District laboratory practice in tropical countries VOL-1 &
2, , Cambridge University Press.( ISBN: 9780521665476)
  Prescott M,Harley John P., Microbiology, 8th edition, Lansing, Donald A. Klein,
McGraw Hill. (ISBN: 9780077467890)
 Mackie and McCartney Medical Microbiology. A Guide to Laboratory Diagnosis
and control of Infection.13th ed., J.P.Duguid, B.P.Marmion and R.H.A.Swain, The
English Language Book Society and Churchill Company. (ISBN:
9780443017872)
 Modi H.A., Elementary Microbiology, Fundamentals of Microbiology,Vol-
1,AktaPrakashan, Nadiad(ISBN: 9789350701010)

Further Reading:
 P.B. Godkar, 2014, Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, 3rd ed., Bhalani
Publishing House, Mumbai, India. (ISBN: 9789381496190)
 Subhash Chandra Parija, A textbook of Microbiology and immunology, 2nd
Edition, ELSEVIER, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private Ltd. (ISBN:
9788131236246)

List of Practical
1) Study of Compound Microscope.
2) Examination of living Bacteria.
a) Hanging – drop technique.
3) Differential Staining
a) The Gram Stain
b) The Acid fast Staining.
4) Special Staining
a) The Spirochete Stain
b) The Metachromatic Granules Stain.
c) The spore Stain
d) The Capsule Stain
5) Study of some important biochemical reactions.
a) Indole Test.
b) Methyl red Test.
c) V.P. Test.
d) Citrate Utilization Test.
e) H2S Production (2% peptone)
f) Study of TSI slants with different
g) Fermentation of Sugars
h) Test for enzyme activity-Oxidase, Catalase, Coagulase, Urease,
6) Preparation of media, pH adjustment and preparation of buffers
(A) Bacteriological Media
a) Nutrient agar
b) MacConkey’ agar
c) EMB agar
d) Wilson & Blair’s agar for Salmonella sp.
 e) CLED medium for Urinary Tract Infection.
f) King’s medium for Pseudomonas sp.
g) Manitol Salt agar for Staphylococcus spp.

(B) Mycological Media

a) Glucose Yeast Extract agar.
b) Sabouraud’s agar

7) Pure culture study of the following cultures and their antibiotic susceptibility:
a) Bacillus cereus
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Escherichia coli
d) Klebsiellamobillis
e) Klebseillapneumoniae
f) Proteus vulgaris
g) Salmonella typhi / paratyphi A / paratyphi B
h) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

8) Demonstration of common fungi - Penicillin, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor,

Yeast.

************
 Clinical Pathology and Immunology

Name of faculty: Science Department: Microbiology

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type: DSC-2

Subject:Clinical Pathology andImmunology

Credit: 4+2 Total learning hours: 60

Course description: The Clinical Pathology course has been prepared to inform anatomy,
physiology, formation and collection of various clinical samples (urine, stool, semen, sputum
etc.).Also routine analysis of various clinical samples is included to expand the view of the
subject. The Principles of Immunology course has been designed to convey basic information
about immune system development. Also included humoral and cell mediated immunity, antigen
& antibody in detail. Topics included like Ag-Ab reactions will help the students to know latest
diagnostic methods.Also included immunization and autoimmunity topic to broaden the
perspective of the subject.

Student learning outcome:

 The training in this subject enables the students to carry out routine clinical laboratory
investigation (urine, stool, sputum etc.).
 The candidates are made to learn collection of clinical samples and their processing with
basic technique and recording of data.
 Analyze various serum samples, for estimation of different components which are the
cause of the immune disease or are the diagnostic/prognostic markers.
 Gain information about pathogenicity and infection.
 Know about various immunodeficiency disorders like- Hypersensitivity and
autoimmunity.

Unit-1: Urine Analysis (Duration: 08 Hrs)

1.1 Formation of urine and its composition
1.2 Indications, Collection, Preservation & Transportation of Urine specimen.
1.3 Routine Examination -Physical, Chemical & Microscopic.
1.4 Reagent Strip Method

Unit-2: Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis(Duration: 08 Hrs)

2.1 Formation &Composition of CSF.
2.2 Collection, Preservation & Transportation of C.S.F.
2.3 Physical, Chemical & Microscopic Examination.

Unit-3: Semen Analysis(Duration: 08 Hrs)

3.1 Anatomy & Physiology of Male Reproductive System.
3.2 Formation & Collection of semen.
 3.3 Physical, Chemical & Microscopic Examination as per WHO Recommendation.

Unit-4: Examination of Body Fluids, Stool & Sputum (Duration: 08 Hrs)

Formation, Composition, Indications, Significance, Collection, Preservation, Transportation
and Routine Examination of:
4.1 Pleural, Peritoneal, Pericardial, Synovial fluid
4.2 Stool
4.3 Sputum

Unit-5: Immunity (Duration: 08 Hrs)

5.1 Classification of immunity
5.2 Cell mediated immunity and Humoral immunity
5.3 Cells of immune system: T cell, B cell, Phagocytic cell

Unit-6: Antigen & Antibody (Duration: 06 Hrs)

6.1 Antigens: Characteristics, Properties of antigen
6.2 Types of Antigen- Haptens and Epitopes
6.3 Antibodies: Characteristics, Properties, Structure & Types of immunoglobulin
6.4 Monoclonal Antibodies and their production

Unit-7: Antigen-Antibody reaction (Duration: 08 Hrs)

7.1 Mechanism and Factors affecting antigen –antibody reactions.
7.2 Principle, procedure and applications of various antigen antibody reactions:
Precipitation; Agglutination; Fluorescent – antibody technique; RIA; Enzyme
Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA); Complement fixation test;
Immunochromatograghy

Unit-8:Immunological Disorder & Vaccines (Duration: 06 Hrs)

8.1 Hypersensitivity: Classification and Immunological basis
8.2 Auto-immunity: Mechanisms and classification of auto immune disorders
8.3 Introduction & types of vaccine.

Reference Book:
 Mohan H. (2005). Textbook of Pathology, 5th ed., Jaypee Brothers (ISBN:
9788180613685)
 Ochei J. &Kolhatkar A. (2000), Medical Laboratory Science: Theory &
Practice, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. (ISBN: 9780074632239)
 P.B. Godkar, (2014), Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, 3rd ed.,
Bhalani Publishing House, Mumbai, India. (ISBN: 9789381496190)
 Ananthnarayan R. and JayramPaniker C.K. Text book of Medical
Microbiology,5th ed. Orient Longman, Madras. (ISBN: 9788173718892)
  Owen, Judith A., PuntStanford, Sharon A., Jones, Patricia P., Kuby
Immunology.,7th ed. Macmillan Higher education Pub. (ISBN:
9781464189784)

Further Reading:
 Kawthalkar S M, Essential of Clinical Pathology,2 nd ed., Jaypee Brothers.
(ISBN: 9789386150691)
 Mukharjee K.L. (1999), Medical Laboratory Technology, Vol II, 2nd ed.,Tata
MacGraw Hill. (ISBN: 9789352606818)
 Sood R. (1994) Medical Laboratory Technology, 4th ed., Jaypee Brothers.
(ISBN: 9788180615917)
 RoittI.M.,Essential Immunology, 6th Edn. ELBS, London (ISBN:
9780865427297)
 Talwar G. P., A Hand book of Practical Immunology,1stEdn. Vikas Publishing
House. (ISBN: 9788123900186)
List of Practical

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
1) Routine Urine Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic examination. &
Reagent Strip Method.
2) Routine Stool Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic examination.
3) Routine Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
examination.
4) Routine Sputum examination: Physical, Microscopic
5) Routine Semen Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic examination.
6) Routine Peritoneal fluid Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
examination.
7) Routine Pleural fluid Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic examination.
8) Routine Pericardial fluid Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
examination.
9) Routine Synovial fluid Analysis: Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
examination.
IMMUNOLOGY
1)ICT/Dot immunoassay/ Flow through assay for HIV Ab
2) ICT/Dot immunoassay/ Flow through assay for HBs Ag
3) ICT/Dot immunoassay/ Flow through assay for HCV Ab
4) Slide / Tube/ Strip test for typhoid
5) Slide test for syphilisfor Syphilis
6) Strip test for Pregnancy
7) Latex test for C-Reactive protein
8) Latex test for Rheumatoid arthritis
9) Latex test for Anti Streptolysin O(ASO).
************
 Histopathology & Parasitology

Name of faculty: Science Department: Microbiology

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type:SEC-1

Subject: Histopathology & Parasitology

Credit: 4+2 Total learning hours: 60

Course description: The main purpose of the subject is to update the knowledge about the
habitat, morphology, life cycle of parasite in human body and to impart knowledge about its
diagnosis in laboratory. Histopathology and cytopathology techniques are included to widen the
view of the subject.

Student learning outcome:

 Know about identification of various parasitic pathogens.

 Recognize different parasite using different procedures with special reference to their
habitat, morphology, life cycle and their isolation, identification for diagnostic
purpose.
 Learn collection of histopathological samples and their processing with basic
technique and recording of data.

Unit-1: General Parasitology (Duration: 08 Hrs)

1.1 General characteristics and Classification of Parasite
1.2 Types of Parasite and Host
1.3 Host –Parasite Relationship and Mode of transmission
1.4 Classification of Protozoa &Helminthes.

Unit-2: Protozoa-I (Duration: 08 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
2.1 Entamoebahistolytica
2.2 Trichomonasvaginalis
2.3 Toxoplasma gondii

Unit-3: Protozoa-II (Duration: 08 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
3.1 Leishmaniadonovani
3.2 Giardia lamblia
3.3 Plasmodium falciparum & Plasmodium vivax

Unit-4: Cestodes (Duration: 08 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
4.1 General characteristics of Cestodes
 4.2 Taeniasaginata
4.3 Taeniasolium
4.4 Echinococcusgranulosus

Unit-5: Trematodes (Duration: 06 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
5.1 General characteristics of Trematodes
5.2 Schistosomahaematobium
5.3 Schistosomamansoni
5.4Schistosomajaponicum

Unit-6: Nematodes-I (Duration: 08 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
6.1Trichuristrichiura
6.2 Anchylostomaduodenale
6.3 Enterobiusvermicularis
6.4 Ascarislumbricoides

Unit-7: Nematodes-II (Duration: 04 Hrs)

Morphology, Life cycle,Mode of infection and Laboratory diagnosis of-
7.1 Wuchereriabancrofti
7.2 Brugiyamalayi.

Unit-8: Histopathology Techniques (Duration: 10 Hrs)

8.1 Types of fixatives uses and Decalcification
8.2 Basic concept of tissue processing and automated tissue processing
8.3 Microtomy& Types of Microtome
8.4 Routine& Special stains, Museum- Technique & Specimen preservation
8.5 FNAC

Reference Book:
 Arora D.R. and Arora B. (2004). Medical Parasitology, 2nd ed., CBC
Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd. (ISBN: 9788123911878)
 Chatterjee K.D. (2009). Parasitology: Protozoology and Helthminthology in
Relation to Clinical Medicine, 13th ed., CBC Publishers & Distributors Pvt
Ltd (ISBN: 9788123918105)
 Mohan H. (2005). Textbook of Pathology, 5th ed., Jaypee Brothers (ISBN:
9788180613685)
 Ochei J. &Kolhatkar A. (2000), Medical Laboratory Science: Theory &
Practice, Tata McGraw Hill Pub. (ISBN: 9780074632239)
 P.B. Godkar, (2014), Textbook of Medical Laboratory Technology, 3rd ed.,
Bhalani Publishing House, Mumbai, India. (ISBN: 9789381496190)
Further Reading:
 Chakraborty P. Text book of Medical Parasitology, 2nd ed., JP (ISBN:
9789352550418)
 Ichhpujani RL and Bhatia Rajesh. Medical parasitology.3rd ed., JP (ISBN:
9789350250457)
 Kawthalkar S M, Essential of Clinical Pathology,2nd ed., Jaypee Brothers.
(ISBN: 9789386150691)
 Sood R. (1994) Medical Laboratory Technology, 4th ed., Jaypee Brothers.
(ISBN: 9788180615917)

List of Practical
1) Routine stool examination for detection of intestinal parasites with concentration
methods:
a) Saline preparation
b) Iodine preparation
c) Floatation method
d) Centrifugation method
2) Identification of adult worms, Tapeworm segments, ova, cysts and larvae of parasite
from charts/photographs/models/slides
3) Malarial Parasite Microscopy:
a) Preparation of thin and thick blood smears
b) Staining of smears
c) Examination of smears for malarial parasites (P. vivaxandP. falciparum)
d) Demonstration of various stages of life cycle of malarial parasites from stained
slides
4) Malaria Rapid diagnostic test (RDT/ICT)
5) Test for Filarial parasite: (slide/demonstration)
6) Cutting, Fixation and processing of tissues (Demonstration).
Staining – (a) Haematoxylin and Eosin for paraffin sections.
(b) PAP Stain for cytology.

************
 Food Chemistry

Name of faculty: Science Department: Chemistry

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type:DSE-1
Subject:Food Chemistry
Credit: 04(T) + 02 (P) Total learning hours: 60
Course description:
This course presents concise and relevant information on the composition of foods and the reactions
they undergo during processing and storage. The course will deal with the chemistry of the
principal components of foods, their properties and interactions. This will provide basic information
regarding the food analysis also.
Student learning outcome:
At the end of the course students will be able to:
 Explain the importance of water for stability and quality of foods.
 Understand the relationship between nutrition and human well being
 Know the major and minor components of foods
 Know composition and properties of food
 Explain the basic structures of food constituents
 Understand the basic chemical reaction food constituents undergo during processing
 Identify additives added to foods for different purposes

Unit 1 Water in Food (06 Hrs)

1.1 Moisture in foods, definition of water in food, Water as a nutrient
1.2 Types of water and their specific function
1.1 Sorption phenomenon
1.2 Water activity and food stability
1.3 Water activity and packaging
1.6 Water activity and spoilage

Unit 2 Carbohydrates (10 Hrs)

2.1 Definition, classification and physical properties
2.2 Nutritive roles of carbohydrate
2.3 Sweetness of sugars, relation of structure to sweetness
2.4 Important carbohydrates in food
 (glucose, sucrose, starch, agar, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, gums and resins)
2.5 Carbohydrates: digestion, absorption, metabolism (glycolysis, citric acid cycle,
glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, hexose monophosphate pathway)
2.6 Retro gradation and staling
2.7 Modified celluloses and starches
2.8 Pectic substances and dietary fibre
2.9 Nonenzymatic browning and Mailard reaction

Unit 3 Lipids (08 Hrs)

3.1 Characteristics and classification
3.2 Physical properties-melting point, softening point, specific gravity,
refractive index, smoke, flash and fire point, turbidity point
3.1 Chemical properties- reichertmeissel value, polenske value, iodine value,
peroxide value, saponification value
3.4 Effect of frying on fats
3.5 Changes in fats and oils- rancidity, lipolysis, flavor reversion
3.6 Auto-oxidation, factor affecting rate of oxidation and its prevention,
Methods of measuring lipid oxidation- solid fat index, peroxide value, thiobarbituric
acid test, anisidine value, Kreis test, oxirane test
3.7 Technology of edible fats and oils- Refining, Hydrogenation and Interesterification

Unit 4 Proteins (08 Hrs)

4.1 Protein classification and structure
4.2 Nature of food proteins (plant and animal proteins)
4.3 Denaturation of protein and its implications
4.4 Functional properties of proteins (organoleptic, solubility, viscosity, binding gelation/
texturization , emulsification , foaming)
4.5 Supplementary value of food proteins
4.6 Modification of food protein in processing and storage and its implications
4.7 Reaction of protein in food (Reaction with lipids, sulphites enzymatic hydrolysis,
plastein reaction)

Unit 5 Minerals (04 Hrs)

5.1 Mineral functions, sources
5.2 Solubility and bioavailability of minerals
5.3 Nutritional aspects of minerals
5.4 Fortification: Iron sources used in fortification

Unit 6 Vitamin (06 Hrs)

6.1 Classification, stability, toxicity and sources
6.2 Distribution in foods, loss during processing
6.3 Mechanism of degradation
6.4 Functions and deficiency diseases caused by following vitamins:
6.4.1 Fats soluble vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E and K
6.4.2 Water soluble vitamins – Vitamin C and B-complex

Unit 7 Food additives (08 Hrs)

7.1 Definition, need and classification of food additives
7.2 Permitted food additives and their role
7.2.1 Preservatives-Natural and Artificial (Class-I and class-II preservatives)
7.2.2 Antioxidants, Chelating agents, Colouring agents
7.2.3 Curing agents, Emulsions
7.2.4 Flavors and flavor enhancers
7.2.5 Non-nutritive sweeteners
7.2.6 pH control agents
7.2.7 Stabilizer and thickeners
7.2.8 Humectants, Anti-caking agents
7.2.9 Firming agent, Clarifying agent, Flour bleaching agents

Unit 8 Food Analysis (10 Hrs)

8.1 Analysis of Chemical Additives in foods
8.1.1 Division of colour additives
8.1.2 Chromatographic identification of colours, quantitative estimation of added dyes in
foods (Titanium Trichloride Method)
8.2 Chemical preservatives and synthetic sweetening agents (Organic-ether extractable
and non- ether extractable)
8.2.1 Analysis of SO2& Sodium Benzoate (Chemical Methods),
Sorbic Acid (Chromatography)
8.3 Types of Antioxidants used in Foods
8.3.1 Analysis of ButylatedHydroxy Toluene (BHT) (Spectrophotometry)
8.4 Moisture analysis in food
8.5 Common adulterants in food
8.6 Pesticide analysis of food products

Reference:
1. Fennema's food chemistry, Damodaran, S., Parkin, K. L., &Fennema, O. R., 2007, CRC
press.
2. Food science, Potter, N. N., & Hotchkiss, J. H., 2012, Springer Science & Business
Media.
3. Principles of food chemistry, DeMan, J. M., Finley, J. W., Hurst, W. J., & Lee, C. Y.
2018, Springer.
4. Food chemistry, Aurand, L. W., Woods, A. E., & Wells, M. R., 1987, Springer,
Dordrecht.
5. Food Chemistry, Meyer, L. H., 1982, AVI Publising Company.
6. Foods facts and principles, N. ShakuntalaManay, M. ShdaksharaSwamy, 2008, New age
International Publisher, New Delhi.
7. Introduction to Chemical Analysis of Foods, S. Suzanna & Nielsen, CBS Publishers &
Distributor.
8. Food chemistry, Belitz, H. D., Grosch, W., &Schieberle, P., 2004, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.

Laboratory Practical
1. Separation of Amino Acids using Thin Layer Chromatography.
2. Estimation of Vitamin C by Iodometric Titration.
3. Preparation of Lineweaver Burk Plot for Amylaze Enzyme.
4. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates.
5. Determination of pH, Turbidity and TDS of water sample.
6. Determination of D.O. and Conductivity of water sample.
7. Preparation of p-Nitro Chloro benzene from Acetanilide.
8. Preparation of Eosin from Phthalic Acid.
9. Determination of Zn+2/ Cu+2 by Complexometric titration.
10. Gravimetric estimation of Ni as Ni (Dimethyl Glyoxime) 2 /Ba as BaSO4.
11. Determination of COD of water sample by redox titration.
 12. Analysis of fats/oils – Any two of the following:
Acid value, Iodine number, Reichert Meissel number and Saponification value of
fats
13. Determination of riboflavin from curry leaves (fluorimetric method).
14. Determination of salt content in commercial table butter.
15. Determination of Moisture in food sample.

References:
1. Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater, Andrew D. Eaton,
Lenore S. Clesceri, Eugene W. Rice, Arnold Greenberg, 23 rd Edition, 2017, published
by APHA, AWWA, WEF.
2. Official Methods of Analysis, Dr. William Harwitz, Dr. George W Latimer,
18th Edition, 2005, published by Association of Officiating Analytical Chemists
(AOAC).
3. Analytical Techniques in Agriculture, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineerin;
A. Nag; 1st Edition, 2006, Prentice Hall of India.
4. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry – J. Jayaraman, 2011, New Age Publication.
5. Manual of analysis of fruits and vegetable products, Central food technological
research institute, Mysore, S. Ranganna, 1977, Tata McGraw Hill publishing
company Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Biochemical Methods, S. Sadasivam, and A. Manikam, 2 nd Edition, 1996, New Age
International(p) Ltd. Publishers and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
(Coimbatore).
7. Laboratory techniques in food analysis, D. Pearson, 1973, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
8. Analytical Chemistry, H. Kaur, 1st Edition, 2013, PragatiPrakashan.
 Energy and Environment
Course Title Energy and Environment
Course credit 04+02
Course Hrs 60
Course The students are expected to understand the importance of energy
Objective conservation and become capable to identify the technologies for
effective utilization of renewable energy sources.
Course After learning the subject, students will be able to understand,
Objective  Importance of renewable energy sources.
 Application of different renewable energy sources.
 Impact of energy on ecology, society and environment.
 Energy Policy of India and our energy future.
 The need, importance and scope of non-conventional and
alternative energy.

Course content Unit-1: Introduction:

Energy, Units of energy, Law of conservation of energy, Scenario of
renewable and non-renewable energy sources, Needs of renewable
energy, advantages and limitations of renewable energy, present energy
scenario of conventional and RE sources.
Unit-2: Solar Energy:
Sun as source of energy: solar energy potential in India, National solar
mission, solar radiation and its spectral characteristics, solar radiation
outside the Earth’s atmosphere and at the Earth’s surface, flat plate and
concentrating collectors, solar thermal power generation, fundamentals
of solar photo voltaic conversion.
Unit-3: Wind Energy:
Wind power and its sources, modern wind energy-modern wind turbines,
wind energy estimation, types of wind energy systems, site selection,
details of wind turbine generator.
Unit-4: Bio Energy:
Types of biogas plants, biogas generation, factors affecting biogas
generation, advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy, biomass
 gasification, types of gasification.
Unit-5: Ocean thermal energy:
Ocean thermal energy conversion principal, energy from tides, tidal
power plants, single and double basin plants, site requirements,
advantages and limitations.
Unit-6: Energy, environment and society:
Impact of energy use on the environment, fossil fuel burning and related
issues of air pollution, global warming, greenhouse effect, nuclear
energy and related issues of radioactive waste, social inequalities related
to energy production, distribution and use.
Unit-7: Energy, ecology and environment:
Energy -production, transformation and utilization, associated
environmental impacts: Nuclear accidents, pollution, construction of
dams, over consumption of energy and its impact on the environment,
economy and global change.
Unit-8: Energy policy and our energy future:
Energy statistics in India and world, importance of energy conservation,
India’s Energy Strategy(National Energy Policy), energy audit
definition, energy management system, types of energy audit, Fuel and
energy substitution in future.

Reference Books 1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal collection and storage,

S.P.Sukhatme and J.K.Nayak, McGraw-Hill Education.
2. Elliott, D. 1997. Sustainable Technology, Energy, Society and
Environment. New York, Routledge Press.
3. Sathyajith Mathew.2006.Wind energy: fundamental, resources
analysis and economics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, The
Netherland ISBN: 139783540309055.
4. M.V.R. Koteswara. Rao, “Energy Resources: Conventional &
Non-conventional” BSP Publications,2006.
5. Craig. J.R.,Vaughan, D.J.,Skinner.B.J.1996. Resources of the
Earth: Origin, use and environmental impact.(2nd edition).
Prentice hall, New Jersey.
 6. Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy Power for A Sustainable
Future,” Oxford University Press.
Practical/ 1. Determination of calorific value by Bomb Calorimeter.
Demonstration 2. Solar radiation measurement methods using Pyrheliometer and
of Equipments Pyranometer.
3. VI – characteristics of solar PV system
4. VI – characteristics of Thermister.
 Laboratory safety and Management

Name of Faculty: Science Department:Environmental Science

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type of Subject:Theory
Subject: Laboratory safety and Management
Semester-1 (DSE)

Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs):

 Be aware of the factors that can lead to an accident.
 Discuss toxicology, industrial hygiene, source models, dispersion models, , fires and fire
prevention, explosions and explosion prevention, electrostatics, pressure relief systems,
runaway reactions, and risk analysis as they apply to chemical process safety, and be able
to solve corresponding problems.
 Discuss the nature of the accident process and methods used in accident investigation,
inherently safer design strategies, and the various strategies and governmental regulations
relevant to process safety management.
References and Textbooks: (With Author, Edition, Publishers, ISBN)
1. Industrial Hygiene & Chemical Safety - M.H.Fulekar: I. K.International Publishing
House,New Delhi.
2. Industrial Hygiene Reference And Study Guide- Allan K. Fleeger, Dean Lillquist,
AIHA,01-May-2006
3. Personal Protective Equipment -Guide to Ports/Dock Workers - M.H.Fulekar :
Governmentof India’s Publication
4. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene-Barbara A. Plog, Patricia J. Quinlan, National
SafetyCouncil Press, 2002
5. Occupational safety management and engineering, Willie Hammer, Dennis Price,
PrenticeHall, 2001
6. Industrial Safety and Health Management, C. Ray Asfahl, David W. Rieske, Prentice
Hall,31-Jul-2009
7. Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health, Mark A. Friend, James P.
Kohn,Government Institutes, 16-Aug-2010
8. Handbook of occupational safety and health, Louis J. DiBerardinis, John Wiley, 1999
9. Occupational Hygiene. Blackwell Science, Harrington, J.M. & K. Gardiner.1995, Oxford.
10. Industrial Hygiene Evaluation Methods. Micheal S. Bisesi. CRC Press, 28-Aug-2003

Unit-1: Introduction of Industrial Hygiene (7 Lecture)

1.1 Definition, scope and applications
1.2 Occupational Environmental Stress: Physical & Chemical
1.3 Airborne chemicals: Dust or aerosols (respirable and non respirable, inhalable and total
dust), gases, fumes, vapours, mist and smoke.
1.4 Concept of threshold limiting values

UNIT-2: Biosafety (7 Lecture)

2.1 Introduction; Historical Backround
2.2 Introduction to Biological Safety Cabinets and types
2.3 Primary Containment for Biohazards and Biosafety Levels of Specific Microorganisms
2.4 Recommended Biosafety Levels for Infectious Agents and Infected Animals

UNIT-3 Safety Precautions (7 Lecture)

3.1 Precautions: Process and operations involving explosives, flammables, toxic substances,
dusts, vapors, cloud formation & combating.
3.2 Safety precautions for transportation for hazardous chemicals; Handling and storage of
hazardous chemicals.
3.3 Respiratory personal protective equipment (RPPE) & non respiratory personal protective
equipment (NRPPE): head protection , ear protection , face and eye protection , hand
protection, foot protection and body protection.

UNIT-4 Fire and Explosion (7 Lecture)

4.1 Fire phenomena, classification of fire and extinguishers.
4.2 Statutory and other standards.
4.3 Fire prevention & protection system.
4.4 Explosion phenomena, explosion control devices, fire awareness.

UNIT-5 Electrical Safety:(7 Lecture)

5.1 Electricity and Hazardous, Indian standards.
5.2 Effects of electrical parameters on human body.
5.3 Safety measures for electric works.
UNIT-6 Noise and Vibration: (7 Lecture)
6.1 Noise: generation, types and permissible limit
6.2 measurement and evaluation of noise
6.3 control methods: control of source, isolation, sound proofing and practicing aspects of
control of noise
6.4 vibration: generation, types and control

Unit-7 Hazards & Risk identification, Assessment and control techniques:(7 Lecture)
7.1 Hazards, Risks & detection techniques, Preliminary hazard analysis(PHA) & hazard
analysis(HAZAN)
7.2 Failure mode effect analysis(FMEA), Hazard and operability(HAZOP) study.
7.3 Hazard ranking (DOW & MOND index), Fault tree analysis, Event tree analysis(ETA)
7.4 Major accident hazard control, onsite and off-site emergency plans.

Unit-8 Storage hazards (7 lecture)

8.1 safety measures for storage of flammable liquids/solvents, acid and alkali, chlorine and
ammonia
8.2 safety of storing gas cylinders, color coding, marking and ensuring safe connection of
cylinder
8.3 design of storage shed or go-down, retention basin, catch pot or dump vessel. Safe
placement of containers.

Practicals:
1. Preparation of Material Safety Data Sheet for some common chemicals.
2. To neutralize the given sample using NaOH / HCL/ CaCO3
3. Determination of CO2 from the atmosphere by volumetric method in a workplace
Environment.
4. Estimate Noise Levels at different locations.
 Bioethics & Biosafety

Name of Faculty: Science Department: Biotechnology

Program: PGDMLT Sem-I Type: DSE-1
Subject: Bioethics & Biosafety
Credit: 04 Total Learning Hours: 60
Course Description: This course introduces students to basic concepts of Bioethics & Biosafety. It
will also inculcate the importance, need & applications of these areas in the students of any applied
science branch. It will provide information about rules, regulations, laws, acts & protocols
regarding bioethics & biosafety to be followed in different fields of science.

Student Learning Outcome:

After completion of the course, students will be:
1)Student will be able to appreciate the importance of Bioethics & Biosafety
2)Student will be able to implement necessary bioethics rules & regulations wherever needed in
practice
3) Student will be able to identify the need of safety & will to execute it in practical life.

Unit 1 Introduction (07 Hours)

1.1 History & Definitions of Ethics & bioethics
1.2 History & Definitions of Safety & Biosafety
1.3 Applications of Bioethics
1.4 Applications of Biosafety
1.5 Environment Ethics

Unit 2 Ethical, Legal, Social Issues – I (09 Hours)

2.1 Prenatal Diagnosis & Genetic manipulation
2.2 Biotechnology
2.3 Genetically modified Organism: Foods & Crops
2.4 Stem Cell Research
2.5 Organ transplantation & Xenotransplantation
Unit 3 Ethical, Legal, Social Issues – Ii (09 Hours)
3.1 Biodiversity & Resource management
3.2 Human & animal Cloning
3.3 Animal Testing & Animals in Research
3.4 Testing of Drugs on Human Volunteers
3.5 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)

Unit 4 Hazardous Materials – Handling & Disposal (07 Hours)

4.1 Hazards & Biohazards (biological agents) with their types/ categories
4.2 Disposal of chemical wastes & hazardous wastes
4.3 Material Safety Datasheet (MSDs)
4.4 Controlling the exposure to hazardous substances
4.5 Duties, immunization & first aid of employees

Unit 5 Risk Assessment & Containment (07 Hours)

5.1 Risk Assessment
5.2 Containment Levels
5.3 Containment in Animal lab
5.4 Containment in Plant tissue culture Lab
5.5 Containment in Microbiological lab

Unit 6 Biosafety (07 Hours)

6.1 Risk Assessment of Planned introduction & Biotechnology products
6.2 Planned introduction & Field trials of GM plants
6.3 Planned introduction of GE organisms
6.4 Biosafety during industrial production
6.5 Risk & Safety management in ART & stem cell research

Unit 7 Regulations & Guidelines – I (07 Hours)

7.1 NIH guidelines
7.2 ICH International Community Harmonization guidelines
7.3 Regulatory Framework for GE Plants in India
7.4 Indian Biosafety guidelines
7.5 Laboratory Biosafety Manual of WHO
Unit 8 Regulations & Guidelines – Ii (07 Hours)
8.1 Cartagena Protocol
8.2 ART regulation Bill
8.3 National Regulatory Bodies for Biosafety in India
8.4 Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical research involving human subjects
8.5 National Guidelines for Stem Cell Research

Reference Books
 Bioethics & Biosafety by M K Sateesh, I K International Pub. Ltd
 Biotechnology Expanding Horizons by B D Singh, Kalyani Pub.

Web Resources
 Biosafety resource book by FAO http://www.fao.org/3/i1905e/i1905e00.htm
 Biosafety Manual by WHO
https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf
 ICMR Bioethics Unit https://ethics.ncdirindia.org/

Practical
1) Case study on Bioethics
2) Project on Analysis of Biosafety measures / First aid of any Institute/lab/ Industrial unit
3) Visit to an industry to study safety measures