EFFECTS OF SMARTPHONES ADDICTIONS ON MENTAL HEALTH OF GRADE 12

LEARNERS IN BASEY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Basey National High School
___________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the subject
PRACTICAL RESEARCH ll
___________________________________

Presented by:
Aguilina, Lourence
Cesar, Earl Mc DIon B.
Colinares, Carlito Jr. G.
Dela Pena, Isaac
De Los Reyes, Adrian Traves R.
Gacutno, Janelle M.
Layos, Kenneth P.
Ruiz, Maricar G.
Tabor, Alexandra Myles S.
Yangao, Arianne L.

DECEMBER 2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

With the development of science and technology, smartphones are widely used by people of all
ages. Smartphones have gradually become something of a necessity in people's daily lives.
People use smartphones to communicate, share ideas, and sometimes satisfy basic needs.
Smartphones indeed have benefits to society, yet they are not always beneficial. There will be
issues if individuals rely excessively on their smartphones and thus become an addiction.
Smartphones offer numerous benefits, such as instant access to information, communication, and
learning tools, their excessive use has raised concerns about potential negative consequences,
especially on mental health. Among the growing body of research, studies have indicated a
strong link between excessive smartphone use and various mental health challenges, including
anxiety, depression, stress, and disrupted sleep patterns (Elhai et al., 2017; Kuss & Griffiths,
2017).

For students, who already face considerable academic and social pressures, the addictive nature
of smartphones may exacerbate stress and lead to detrimental effects on emotional and
psychological well-being (Samaha & Hawi, 2016). The constant need for connectivity, coupled
with social media notifications and gaming apps, often contributes to a cycle of distraction and
reduced productivity, negatively impacting academic performance and overall mental health
(Rosen et al., 2013). Furthermore, excessive smartphone use may interfere with critical aspects
of self-regulation, including time management, sleep hygiene, and face-to-face social
interactions, which are crucial for healthy psychological development during the formative years
of education (Twenge et al., 2017). This research aims to explore the extent of smartphone
addiction among students and its potential effects on their mental health. By examining patterns
of smartphone use, associated psychological issues, and the role of smartphones in academic and
social settings, this study seeks to contribute to the growing discourse on the implications of
digital dependency in educational contexts
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will specifically assess how the intensity and frequency of smartphone use
contribute to these mental health outcomes. To address this problem, the following research
questions are posed:

1. What is the average time of use of smartphones by the grade 12 learners in Basey
National High School?

2. What is the level of smartphone addiction of the grade 12 learners in Basey National
High School?

3. What action plan is needed to address the problem?

HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is no significant relationship in the average time of use of smartphones of the Grade
12 learners

Ho: There is no significant relationship of the level of smartphone addiction of the Grade 12
learners

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is designed to critically investigate the problem concerning the
addiction of grade 12 learners in Basey National High School as a result of smartphone overuse and
its effects on their mental health. This study seeks to find out about smartphone addiction in
conjunction with mental health problems such as stress, anxiety and depression, and. By focusing on
the student population, the results can then narrow down the various levels of smartphone addiction
that impact the learners.The study may benefit educators, parents, or policymakers by pointing out
directions toward implementing correct strategies in healthier utilization of smartphones that improve
mental health among students.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant as it sheds light on how smartphone addiction affects the mental
health of senior high school students at Basey National High School. By exploring its impact on
stress, anxiety, and emotional well-being, the study aims to raise awareness students, teachers, and
parents about the importance of balanced smartphone use.

Parents:

Understanding the impact of smartphone addiction can help parents recognize symptoms of
mental health issues in their children.

Teachers:

Insights from the study can assist teachers in identifying students who may be struggling with
smartphone addiction and its effects on their academic performance and well-being.

Student:

The findings can raise awareness among students about the potential risks of excessive
smartphone use on their mental health.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on assessing the impact of excessive smartphone addiction among
Grade 12 students at Basey National High School with a total of 100 respondents. This age
group is particularly relevant due to usage including increased screen time, social media
engagement, and reliance on mobile apps for communication and so on. The scope of the
research includes examining patterns of smartphone usage, factors contributing to addiction, and
the overall impact of excessive use on students’ daily lives.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Smartphone
Addiction

Anxiety
Depression
Stress

Mental Health

Figure 1: shows the conceptual framework of this study, it illustrates that

smartphone addiction is the primary independent variable (IV) affecting the students,
and mental health is the dependent variable (DV) revolves on its three aspects:
anxiety, stress, and depression which is widely affected by using their smartphones.
This study will examine the percentage of smartphone addictions experienced by
random students of senior high students specifically at Basey National High School
and how it affects their mental health.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Addiction - A compulsive need for and use of a substance or activity that often leads to negative
consequences.

Addictive: one that you cannot stop doing

Connectivity: the state or extent of being connected or interconnected.

Detrimental- is a formal way of saying "harmful." Anything detrimental hurts, hinders, or puts a
damper on something. Detrimental things do damage.

Dependency: the state of needing help from something

Development- process in which someone or something grows or changes and becomes more
advanced

Detrimental: tending to cause harm.

Discourse: communication of thought by words, talk, conversation.

Exacerbate: make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.

Emotional Attachment
refers to the strong connection students may feel towards their smartphones.

Exacerbate: make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.

Excessively —To a greater degree or in greater amount than necessary, normal,or desirable.

Frequency —the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of
something happening often or a large number or times:

Frequency —the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of
something happening often or a large number or times:

Interfere: prevent a process or activity from continuing or being carried out properly.
Implications: something that is suggested, or happens, indirectly.

Mental Health- A person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being, affecting how they
think, feel, and act.

Numerous: very many; being or existing in great quantity

Necessity —the need for something

Quantify- to measure judge the size or amount of something

Rely - to depend confidently; put trust

Social Pressure- is the influence that people feel from their social circle or society to act, think,
or behave in a certain way

SMARTPHONES- a cell phone that can be used as a small computer and that connects to the
internet:

Technology -Tools and devices that enhance human capabilities, particularly in communication,
information access, and daily tasks.

Widely - including a lot of different places, people, subjects, etc.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researchers considered in
strengthening the importance of the present study. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted
the intricate relationship between smartphones and mental health, illustrating how Smartphones
pose significant mental issues which affect the performance of an individual. This review
synthesizes key findings from literature published in 2022.
Cellphone use is in excess, as it is one of the primary sources of information and
communication, with more than 6.5 billion users worldwide . Young adults spend more time on
cell phones for social media, playing games, and other entertainments, as a means of
communication or for academic purposes . Excessive use of cell phones raises concerns about
mental and physical health among young adults (Muhammad Daniyal et al, 2022). Mental health
issues can be obtained through various ways, some can be obtained in illnesses, problems, stress,
digital usage and others. Though studies have demonstrated that the use of cell phones can have
positive benefits in supporting physical and mental wellbeing, recent reviews have argued that
excessive cell phone use is a type of addictive behavior and can affect wellbeing (Muhammad
Daniyal et al, 2022).
According to the study of The Relationship between Cellphone Usage on the Physical
and Mental Wellbeing of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study, it concluded that
excessive usage of mobile phones can cause physical and mental health issues. Based on the
result, the study result was found tenable. It was shown that excessive usage may cause physical
and mental health problems to the individual who uses them.(Muhammad Daniyal et al, 2022)
According to The reviewed literature highlights several findings that are both similar and
different from the present study. Like (Muhammad Daniyal et al, 2022)., the current research
investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and mental health issues such as
loneliness, mood disorder and depression among students.
 The current research differs in its specific focus on senior high school students at Basey
National High School, a demographic that has been understudied in comparison to the broader
global or national samples cited in earlier research. This study also examines the local context in
the Philippines, particularly drawing from Reyes et al.'s (2020) findings, which is not heavily
explored in previous international research.
While this research builds upon previous studies, such as those (Muhammad Daniyal et al,
2022), it is not a mere duplication of these works. This study contributes original insights by
focusing on the specific experiences of senior high school students in a local Filipino context. It
also emphasizes the role of schools in mitigating the negative effects of smartphone addiction, as
suggested by Reyes et al (2020). This localized approach, combined with an exploration of both
academic and mental health consequences, distinguishes the current study from prior related
literature.
According to the study by Lepp et al. (2022) examined the “The relationship between
smartphone addiction and mental health in college students”. Their research found that increased
smartphone usage was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep
disturbances. The study highlighted that the overuse of smartphones, particularly for social
media and entertainment purposes, contributed to heightened stress and poor mental well-being,
as users often compared themselves to others, leading to feelings of inadequacy and isolation.
This finding supports the growing body of research that links excessive smartphone use with
negative emotional and psychological outcomes.

Similarly, a “Longitudinal effects of smartphone usage on adolescent mental health: A

two-year study” by Herring et al. (2022) tracked smartphone usage patterns among adolescents

and their mental health outcomes over a two-year period. The study found that adolescents who

spent more than four hours per day on their smartphones were more likely to experience

increased levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Interestingly, the study also found that

those who engaged in positive activities such as educational apps or communication with family

and friends showed lower levels of stress, suggesting that the content and purpose of smartphone

use plays a significant role in determining its impact on mental health.

 In addition to the psychological impact, excessive smartphone use has been shown to

negatively affect physical health. According to a study by Ahmad et al. (2022), prolonged

smartphone usage among university students led to an increase in physical complaints, including

eye strain, headaches, and neck and back pain. This phenomenon, often referred to as "tech neck"

or "text neck," has been observed because of poor posture during prolonged smartphone use. The

study also linked excessive smartphone use to sleep disturbances, as the blue light emitted from

screens interfered with the body's production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep cycles.

A particularly concerning aspect of smartphone addiction is the role of social media. A

study by Tam et al. (2022) found that social media use, especially platforms that encourage

constant interaction, like Facebook and Instagram, contributed to feelings of anxiety and

depression among users. These platforms' features—such as the need for constant validation

through likes and comments—were found to lead to unhealthy comparisons and lower self-

esteem. The study suggests that while social media can facilitate connection, it also exacerbates

issues related to body image, social comparison, and fear of missing out (FOMO).
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study will use a descriptive-correlational research design to explore the effects of
smartphone addiction on mental health in senior high school students. The correlational approach
is appropriate to examine the degree to which smartphone addiction influences various aspects of
mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and stress levels.

RESEARCH LOCALE
The study will be conducted in selected senior high schools in Basey National High
School located at Cago-Orom Islet Brgy Buscada Basey, Samar. This research will focus from
Grade 12 students in Basey National High School during the academic year 2024-2025.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Respondent will be the senior high school students (Grades 12), (100) respondents will be
targeted to ensure a reliable sample size for statistical analysis.
Sloven’s Formula :
n
n
¿¿

SAMPLING PROCEDURE
A stratified random sampling technique will be used to select participants. The student
population will be divided into strata based on grade level ( Grade 12). From each stratum,
respondents will be randomly selected to ensure a representative sample.
STATISTICAL TOOL
To interpret the gathered data, the researchers will use the following:

Arithmetic Mean, which is the result of the majority decision of answers based from the survey
or questionnaire. Simply, this describes the profile of the respondents.

Sample Size, which is the total number of respondents of the study. This part of the formula to be
used will always stay constant as 100, as this is the chosen respondent population which cannot
be altered in order to prevent falsifying data.

The following formula in order to achieve the percentage of statistical presentation of the
results:
% = X/N x 100

Wherein “x” is the arithmetic mean or summed up total of answers from a certain question, “n”
is the fixed number of chosen respondents or sample size in the study and 100 is the constant
used to attain the percentage or generalized statistical presentation of results.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
This study will use survey questionnaires as a primary instrument. The questionnaire consists
of one page.

PART 1: Collect the demographic profile of the respondent such as age, general weighted
average (GWA)

PART 2: Measure of how many students got addicted using too many smartphones in Senior
High School Students rate their agreement with statements related to their mental health. These
students contain items that assess their personal situation pertaining to their mental health
statutes due to addiction.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
The data collection procedure will begin by seeking permission from the school principal
and the senior high school coordination to conduct the study. Once permission is approved, a
questionnaire will be distributed to the selected Grade 12 learners from Basey National High
School during the current class period. Providing clear instruction will help students to
understand the study and how to complete the study and how it will be collected and encoded
immediately for the final analysis of the outcome.

Ethical Considerations: It ensures respect for the dilution of any risks that the study "Effects of
Smartphone Addiction on Mental Health of Grade 12 Learners in Basey National High School"
would pose to participants with regard to informed consent, confidentiality, and the well-being of
the respondents while promoting equal involvement and cultural sensitivities. This way, valuable
insights may be gathered from the study while ensuring that student's rights and mental health
are protected.
Informed Consent: Informed consent forms part of the ethical requirement of this study on
"The Effects of Smartphone Addiction on Mental Health in Grade 12 Senior High Students at
Basey National High School." This procedure ensures that the Respondents involved, mostly
minors, know the nature and risks or benefits attached to this research before a decision to
participate could be made.
Confidentiality: Effects of Smartphone Addiction on Mental Health in Grade 12 Senior High
Students at Basey National High School" is basically built up on a concern of ethical
confidentiality, thus helping protect the private details of the Respondents.

DATA PROTECTION
All collected data will be kept confidential and will only be used for academic
purposes.

DATA ANALYSIS
This data will be analyzed using descriptive-correlational research study.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The data gathering will begin to proceed with the research table as soon as the proposal and
associated instrument are ready. A questionnaire that the researchers created was approved by
the professor of the subject. Before any data was collected, the validity of the self-developed
questionnaire was checked to make sure the respondents gave accurate information. The
researchers will make an approval letter to the Principal. After permission has been granted, the
researchers will select respondents at random who are willing to respond to the questionnaire.
The researchers provide an electronic copy using google forms with links and a QR code that
they may respond to in their leisure time. Participants will get information about the researchers,
the study’s potential risks and benefits, confidentiality, and data privacy policy right at the start
of the questionnaire.
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION AND RESULT

The following chapter discussed the gathered data. Where in, it is analyzed by using tables and
graphs to further elaborate the result of this study. This study is conducted at Basey National
High School Grade 12 students and how research work affects the emotional and financial
aspects, on having the same research process that we undergo.

Table1. Q1: Have you ever neglected important activities at work/study palace because of
overuse of mobile application?

Frequency Percentage
Always 36 36%
Often 12 12%
Sometimes 8 8%
Rarely 32 32%
Never 8 8%

With the following data obtain from the respondent, 36% respondent always neglected
important activities at work/study because of overuse of mobile application, followed by Rarely
32%, Often 12%, Sometimes 8%, and Never which is 8%, this mean the student sometimes
neglected important activities because of overuse of mobile application.
 Table 2. Q2: Have you missed a meal because of over- engagement with mobile applications?

Frequency Percentage
Always 7 7%
Often 12 12%
Sometimes 36 36%
Rarely 32 32%
Never 8 8%

The answer found on the table above states, 36% agree that sometimes respondents missed a
meal because of over- engagement with mobile application. Followed by rarely 32%, Often 12%,
Never 8% and Always 7%, thus the respondent missed their meal because of over- engagement
of mobile application.
 T3. Q3: Do you feel stressed on not being able to use your phone?

Frequency Percentage
Always 8 8%
Often 11 11%
Sometimes 35 35%
Rarely 26 26%
Never 20 20%

With the answer from the table above, 35% agree that sometimes respondent feel stress on not
being able to use their phone, subsequently followed by 26% Rarely, 20% Never, 11% Often,
and 8% Always.
 T4. Q4: Do you ignore the people you are with in order to use your mobile phone?

Frequency Percentage
Always 11 11%
Often 18 18%
Sometimes 26 26%
Rarely 24 24%
Never 21 21%

The illustration above shows that 26% respondent says that sometimes they ignore the people in
order to use mobile phones. Then it was followed by 24% Rarely, 21% Never, 18% Often and
11% Always.
 T5. Q5: Do you get impatient when you don’t find your mobile showing a notification?

Frequency Percentage
Always 11 11%
Often 12 12%
Sometimes 30 30%
Rarely 28 28%
Never 19 19%

With the answer we gathered, 30% say that sometimes respondents get impatient when their
mobile phone not showing any notification, Subsequently followed by, Rarely which is 28%,
Never 19%, Often 12% and Always having 11% of the respondent that agree according from the
illustration above.
T6. Q6: Have you experienced sleep deprivation because of smartphones?
Frequency Percentage
Always 11 11%
Often 21 21%
Sometimes 42 42%
Rarely 21 21%
Never 5 5%

From the answer of respondent illustrated above, 42% says that sometimes respondents
experience sleep deprivation because of their smartphone, Proceed by Rarely/Often which is
21%, Always 11%, and Never 5%.
T7. Q7: Do you crave your smartphone after a short time without?
Frequency Percentage
Always 20 20%
Often 20 20%
Sometimes 30 30%
Rarely 25 25%
Never 5 5%

The illustration above shows that 30% of respondents sometimes crave smartphone after a short
time without it, subsequently followed by, Always/ Often which is 20%, Rarely 25% and Never
which is 5%.
T8. Q8: Do you feel it would be almost impossible to live without the uncontrolled use of your
smartphone?
Frequency Percentage
Always 14 14%
Often 19 19%
Sometimes 34 34%
Rarely 25 25%
Never 8 8%

The answer found on the table above states, 34% that sometimes respondent wouldn’t impossible
lived without the uncontrolled using a smartphone, Proceed by Rarely 25%, Often 19%, Always
14%, and Never which is 8%.
T9. Q9: Do you try to schedule or control the use of your smartphone but find that you really
cannot?
Frequency Percentage
Always 18 18%
Often 23 23%
Sometimes 32 32%
Rarely 25 25%
Never 4 4%

With the answer we gathered, 32% respondent sometimes try to control using a smartphone but
find that respondent cannot control using a smartphone, Followed by Rarely 25%, Often 23%,
Always 18%, and Never is 4%.
T10. Q10: Does the use of your smartphone interfere with your sleeping?
Frequency Percentage
Always 46 46%
Often 15 15%
Sometimes 17 17%
Rarely 16 16%
Never 6 6%

The illustration above shows that 46% respondent that always using a smartphone interfere with
their sleeping, Proceed by, Sometimes 17%, Rarely 16%, Often 15%, and Never which is 6%.
Highest Percentage of all the Gathered Data base from the Question Answer
Answer Frequency Percentage
01 Always 36 36%
 02 Sometimes 47 47%
03 Sometimes 35 35%
04 Sometimes 26 26%
05 Sometimes 30 30%
06 Sometimes 42 42%
07 Sometimes 30 30%
08 Sometimes 34 34%
09 Sometimes 32 32%
10 Always 46 46%

The illustration above clearly state the highest percentage rate among the question. With the
question having mostly the result of Sometimes and Always. Following of the majority role that
was chosen from the given choices which is Rarely, Never, Often, Always, Sometimes. It is
concluded that over using a smartphone have a effect, having enough number of respondent with
the conducted with the study that assures the research is reliable.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter looks at the summary findings, conclusion, recommendation and suggestion for
further researchers.

SUMMARY
Smartphone addiction can have a detrimental impact on relationships and work performance.
By recognizing the signs of addiction, providers can help themselves and their clients take steps
to manage it effectively. With some effort and dedication, it is possible to reduce the effects of
smartphone addiction and create a healthier balance between technology use and real-world
activities. Smartphone addiction is a serious mental health issue impacting millions of users
worldwide. While this phenomenon is often associated with young people this type of addiction
affects almost any demographic and can seriously affect mental well-being. From poor sleep
quality to heightened levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, smartphone addiction can take a
huge toll. Mental health providers need to be aware of the potential issues associated with the
overuse of smartphones so that they can help their clients identify, manage, and overcome the
addiction. Prolonged smartphone addiction contributes to increased levels of anxiety, depression,
stress, and sleep disturbances, which can significantly impact academic performance, social
relationships, and overall well-being. The study highlights that students who engage in excessive
screen time tend to experience feelings of isolation

CONCLUSION
The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of smartphone addiction on mental
health of the student in Basey National High School and for that we have observed the
relationships and linkages between Smartphone addictions the interaction competency by
providing the relevant evidences Smartphone addiction is getting higher due to over dependency
on technology in every aspect, therefore it is required to have consistent and complete research
of whether Smartphone addiction is beneficial for the students or it influences negatively on their
Mental Health. This study used the convenience technique. The sample size of the study is 100
respondents (n=100). In this research we have used correlation design because we have studied
This design tells us how much independent variables impact on dependent variable from the
above analysis of data and after thoroughly examining the statistics, the study shows that
behavioral intention of smart phones has a positive effect, which is in fact, effect of Smartphone
addictions on the Mental Health of the students. We also indicate a strong correlation between
excessive smartphone use and negative mental health outcomes among students.

Recommendation:

To mitigate the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on learners’ mental health, it is

recommended that educational institutions implement programs promoting digital wellness.
These programs should focus on raising awareness about healthy smartphone usage and its
impact on mental health. Additionally, students should be encouraged to adopt mindful
technology habits, such as setting screen time limits and engaging in offline activities to promote
relaxation and social interactions. Parents and educators should collaborate to create a supportive
environment, fostering open communication and setting boundaries for smartphone usage.
Regular mental health screenings and counseling services should also be made available to help
students cope with the psychological challenges associated with smartphone addiction We
recommend this research for students who are got addicted to smartphones to know their
limitations when using it. Furthermore, this will explain to them the limitations of
smartphone.We recommend this study, having the main focus on the effects of research work to
the financial and emotional aspects of students. And with regards to the conducted study, the
mathematical tools may not be able to describe the analysis clearly. And for those, who see this
research as an interesting topic. May you use a better statistical tool, for no clarification. And
better enrichment of the topic. We hope that our study has helped you gain more knowledge with
regards to controlling smartphones.

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