Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Aetiology of Hearing Loss in Cochlear

Implantees: A Study of 191 Cases at CI Centre,
CMH, Dhaka
Tukir Rahman
(BSc in Audiology & Speech Language Pathology)
Supervisor: Lt. Col. Dr. Mohammad Delwar Hossain (Cochlear Implant Surgeon, CMH)

Abstract:- Normal hearing is essential for communication significant hearing loss (>95 dB) has a frequency of 1–2 for
in social life. Severe to profound hearing loss influences every 1000 babies (Nikolopoulos, 2010). The reasons for
one's capacity to hear, yet distract to learn and has, in deafness are many, yet the treatment is the equivalent. With
turn, have far-reaching consequences owing to one’s the presentation of cochlear implantation (CI), a protected,
inability to communicate adequately in society. Luckily, productive, and cost-effective treatment for severe to
the dominant part of this hearing impaired individual can profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was found. CI is
benefit from the cochlear implant. The goal of the the best neural prosthesis to date, with in excess of 220 000
research was to investigate the different hearing embedded people worldwide in 2011 (Cosetti and Waltzman,
impairment aetiologies of patients in the cochlear implant 2011).
program and serves as sampling material for future
preventive public health care actions. This was a Survey The main purpose of the investigation was awareness
medical research study conducted in the cochlear implant about etiology of hearing loss. Research at this point will
center situated in Dhaka cantonment from October 2019 impact positive social change by expanding awareness for
to January 2020 of the deafened children who worked–up specialist organizations in all parts of the child and family's
under the cochlear implant program. Total 191 children advancement of awareness. This could change the
were included with hearing impairment. Collected data concentration and productivity of certain intervention and
was: age, gender, date of birth, clinical profile and hearing administrations from child to family-focused to turn out to be
impairment aetiology. All the information were analyzed progressively successful in delivery, or potentially to just
in a study period, out of which prenatal 84(47.40%), create consciousness of the potential ways a conference loss
perinatal 16(8.37%), postnatal 91(44.23%) hearing impacts a hearing family.
impaired was found. The most common cause of deafness
in the study was Difficulty in pregnancy (19.89%),  Objective of the Study
Consanguinity marriage (14.13%) was the 2 nd leading
cause then chronologically Anemia (12.56%), CMV  To know the most affected aetiology of Hearing loss in
(9.94%), Trauma (9.42%), sudden hearing loss (8.37%), Cochlear Implantees.
LBW & Hereditary (7.85%), Rubella (6.80%), High Fever  To know the aetiology of Hearing loss in adult Cochlear
(5.76%), Typhoid (4.71%), Meningitis (3.66%), Others Implantees.
(2.62%), Noise (1.57%) was found. Among 191 patient 27  To know the onset (pre,peri,postnatal) aetiology of
were adults and Among the adults major aetiology of hearing loss in Cochlear Implantees.
hearing loss was Sudden loss (25.92%), Trauma & Noise
(18.51%) were the 2nd leading cause, Hereditary & II. MATERIALS AND METHOD
Meningitis (14.81%) were the 3rd leading cause. The
major aetiological factor that caused deafness in the study In this part, the study design, the sampling and data
was difficulty in pregnancy. Awareness programs for collection process of the study was discussed. This part was
community and primary medical provider for early described as the setting of the investigation and the procedure
detection of hearing abnormality at ground level should of data collection. There was additionally being some
be promoted, which will serve as sampling for future contention about ethical issues of the investigation. When all
actions in public health. is said in done, this section is intended to talk about the
method of this study.
Keywords:- Hearing Loss, Aetiology, Cochlear Implantation,
Pregnancy Difficulty.  Study Design
Survey medical research study design was used to
I. INTRODUCTION conduct this study. Information was collected from patients &
parents/careers (in case of a child).
Hearing loss isn't having the option to hear sound in one
or the two ears. individuals may lose the entirety of their
hearing or simply part of it. Extreme (>70–95 dB) to

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Study Place  Data Collection Procedure
The study was conducted at the CI center, ENT The investigator used the Survey data collection
department, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) in the procedure to collect the data. According to Fraenkel and
Dhaka city. CMH is convenient for collecting data. So this Wallenp (2000, p. 436), face to face interview is the best way
has been selected for the study place. to get full cooperation of the participant in a survey. So the
investigator took data from the patient face to face.
 Study Population Sometimes via mobile phone. The interview was conducted
Cochlear implantees at Dhaka CMH was selected as the in bengali so that participants can understand easily. The
population of the study. checklist of the data collection tool was structured by close-
ended questions like multiple types of questions and open-
 Sample Size ended questions. The duration of the data collection was 4
The investigator has considererd a large number of weeks. The approximant time duration for each patient was
samples (191 cases) because the investigator could analyze 10 minutes.
deeply the data that came from those populations.
 Data Analysis
 Sampling Procedure The investigator used the descriptive method because
Purposive clinical sampling method was used to select generally descriptive analysis is used in combination with the
the study sample. A purposive sample is a non- survey method. There are many useful ways to illustrate
probability sample that is selected based on the descriptive data as well as tables, bar graphs, pie charts
characteristics of a populationp and the objective of the study. (Baileyp, 1997). The investigator used the tables. This was
used because it is an easy and simple method so that the
 Data Collection Tool reader could understand the findings easily (Hicksp, 1999).
A checklist was used as the data collection tool for this
study. The checklist was developed based on the research  Eligibility Criteria for Participants
need. The data collection checklist which is validated by ENT Participants were selected who receipt Cochlear
specialist and an audiologist is given below (Appendix part). Implant.

III. RESULT

 Result 01

Table 1 Aetiology of Hearing Loss and the Number of the Affected Patient
Aetiology Number
Rubella 13
Typhoid 9
Trauma 18
Anemia 25
LBW 15
Pregnancy 37
Meningitis 7
ENT Difficulty 6
Consanguinity 27
Noise 3
Sudden loss 16
Hereditary 8
CMV 19
High Fever 11
Others 5

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1 Aetiology of Hearing Loss and the Number of the Affected Patient

Among 191 implentees major aetiology of hearing loss was Difficult in pregnancy (19.89%), Consanguinity marriage (14.13%)
was the 2nd leading cause then chronologically Anemia(12.56%), CMV(9.94%), Trauma(9.42%), sudden hearing loss(8.37%), LBW
& Hereditary(7.85%), Rubella(6.80%), High Fever(5.76%), Typhoid(4.71%), Meningitis(3.66%), Others(2.62%), Noise(1.57%)

 Result 02:

Table 2 Aetiology of Hearing Loss and the Number of Affected Adult Patients
Aetiology Number
Hereditary 4
Trauma 5
Noise 5
Sudden loss 7
Meningitis 4
others 2

Fig 2 Aetiology of Hearing Loss and the Number of Affected Adult Patients

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Among 191 patient 27 were adults. Among 27 patients major aetiology of hearing loss was Sudden loss(25.92%), Trauma &
Noise (18.51%) were the 2nd leading cause, Hereditary & Meningitis (14.81%) were the 3 rd leading cause, Others (7.40%).

 Result 03:

Table 3 Onset of Hearing Loss

Onset Number
Prenatal 84
Perinatal 16
Post Natal 91

Fig 3 Onset of Hearing Loss

Among 191 cochlear implantees, onset of the hearing hearing. In this study, the major aetiology of hearing loss was
loss was prenatal(47.40%), perinatal(8.37%), postnatal Sudden loss (24%) in case of adults. which is concordant with
(44.23%). the finding of the study. TraumaP(20%) was in 2nd leading
cause, Hereditary, Meningitis & Noise (16%) combined 3rd
IV. DISCUSSION leading cause, Others(8%).

Ehrenhaft PM & Wagner JL &Herdman RC found Among 191 cochlear implenteesP onsets of the hearing
pregnancy difficulty is one of the major aetiology of hearing loss was prenatal (47.40%), perinatal (8.37%), postnatal
loss. In the present study, it found in 19.89% of cases. BhuttaP (44.23%). No previous study has determined the proportion
and his colleages have shown that pregnancy difficulty affect of onset of hearing loss of cochlear implantees.
5-6% of children in high-income countries in their second
year of life. The most common aetiology of hearing loss ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
found in this study was Difficult in pregnancy (19.89%),
Consanguinity marriage (14.13%) was in 2nd leading cause First appreciation goes to all-powerful Allah who has
,HerambaGanapathyPSelvarajan reported that about 18.6% given me enough capacity, persistence, and insight to do this
of hearing loss due to consanguinity marriage (Korver et al., investigation effectively. I might want to appreciate my
2017). Then Anemia (12.56%), Kathleen M. SchiefferP and parents who always encourage me to do this examination. At
his colleagues reported that about 7.30% hearing loss due to that point, my insight goes to individuals who help me various
anemia (Schieffer et al., 2017). Chronologically CMV & timesim different situation to finish the examination. I am a
Trauma (9.42%), sudden hearing loss (8.37%), LBW & lot of obligated to my honorable supervisor Lt Col Delwar
Hereditary (7.85%), Rubella (6.80%), High Fever (5.75%), Hossain (Specified ENT Specialist, Head-neck & CI Surgeon
Typhoid (4.71%), Meningitis (3.66%), Others (2.61%), CMH, Dhaka Cant. Dhaka) for helping me by giving thought
Noise (2.09%) are the aetiologiesP of hearing loss. and rule in each progression of the investigation. I need to
recollect everything companions with the sentiments of
Sudden hearing loss is one of the major aetiology of appreciation for their motivation and backing in various basic
hearing loss of adults. Peter C Weber &MD & FACS stated circumstances of the venture. I am appreciative of every one
that about 34% of hearing loss of adults due to sudden loss of of the principals with hearing impairment child’s parents,

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
specialists and audiologists for offering me to authorization
to gather information. I might likewise want to offer special
gratitude to Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
Dept. also, PISER (Proyash Institute of Special Education and
Research Affiliated with Bangladesh University of
Professionals) due to giving me the chance to do this
investigation.

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
APPENDIX

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