D-Read the following sentences. Identify whether the hij 4 preposition of place, time or movement. Tick (Y) the 1. Across the river, ted word is, red a beautiful princess. (place/ movei 2. My cousin, Bethany lives in London with her parents. (place/ movement/ exif ices of bread to make — e swimming during summers. (place/m 4. [puta cucumber, toprato and olives 5. the victim. (place/movement/time) 6 7 /movemepty 8 reach your destination. (time/ 9. The soldiers marched through the dense juste (melas 10, The party begins at midnight. (place/tin¥¢/movement) Prepositions: A Recap Prepositions ps aT Preposition of Place Prepositign of Time Prepostion of Movement They show the ‘They tell us about ‘They show us the position of nouns. time. direction of movement. + + + between, inside, on, in, from, in, till, on, across, along, at, behind, close to, near at, for, since, through, to, over, to, in, next to, under, in after, to, during into, out of, around, front of, beside, after, down, up, from/to, over, below. towards Pail (COMMON ERRORS Incorrect Correct 1. My friend lives on N-243, Toma 1. My friend lives at N-243, Toma Road, Road, Ajmer. Ajmer. 2. Our school is in Akbar Road. 2. Our school is on Akbar Road. Be Add correct prepi a Incorrect, Correct 3. He was happy to dive in the water. 3, He was happy to dive into the water. 4, The moth flew at the light, 4, The moth flew towards the light. 5, The cat ran cross the road. 5. The cat ran across the road. 6, My exams are starting on 6 My exams are starting from tomorrow. haoeou 7. Jaipur is into India. ”. Jaipuri in India, ins in the blanks. wonder when look up lil... thenight sky. The numerous stars. Wve to watch re ad Tagless telescope. (2... my rooftop every night o Rohit who. ins Abe ib house, comes®: to gaze. hy the night sky. x. Based on the‘picture, write three sentences using prepositions of time, place and movement.Present and Past Let’s Begin > Play in pairs. A grid is given below. Sentences have been split into two halves. Take tums to frame a sentence. Note: (Only the same colour halves can be matched). > > > > Example: 70 % of Earth’s surface is covered with water. All the sentences that you have framed above are in the simple present tense. Let's look at some of the uses of the simple present tense, {Simple Present Tense (Usage) Universal Truths Habits and Likes and and Facts. Routines _ Dislikes. 1. The sentences highlighted in yellow are statements that are universal truths and never change. Examples: » The sun sets in the West. > 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. The sentences highlighted in green refer to habits or routines. Examples get up at 6 a.m. every day. > Rohit paints every day. 3. The sentences highlighted in blue talk about likes and dislikes. Example: Kareena likes eating Chinese food. Here are some ways in which we change verbs in the simple present tense. 2. Rules 1. Use the simple or base form ofthe ver with the pronouns I we, you and the. iz > Iplay every day. > You study with us. > Wesing together. > They workin the office. 2. Add-s to the base form of the verb with singular nouns and pronouns like he, she and it. > The lion roars in the jungle. STS peee > He exercises in the gym every day. > jr bounces very high. 3. Add anes to verbs that end with -ch, -sh, -X, and ~0 to use with singular nouns and the pronouns he, she and it. > She brushes her teeth twice daily. > The baby watches the toy train. > He rushes every morning to carefully. school. It goes running to catch the ball, 4. Drop the ~y from the verbs that end with -y and add- ies to use them with, singular nouns and the pronouns he, she and it. > My mother fries samosas forme. > She tries to improve her > He cries every time he is hurt. handwriting. > Amit supplies us milk at our doorstep. . For verbs that end in -y but have a vowel before them, we just add an ~s to use them with singular nouns and the pronouns he, she and it. > Kajal says she will be here at > She prays before going to bed. 4pm. > ‘The dog obeys his master. > He plays with his toys.in the blanks with the simple present tense using the verbs given in the brackets. One has been done for you. ike) to watch movies on television lence to all. Bw. the worm. (catch) ‘X&around the sun. (revolve) at night. (twinkle) Simple Past Tense Ze Read the passage given below. Last week, my family and I visited Assam and Arunachalfradesh. Both are a part of the ‘Seven Sisters’. Yes, I am talking about our visit to the North-Eastern part of India, It was a splendid experience. Being nature lovers we wanted to see the dense forests and wildlife of the North-Eastern states. We saw the evergreen forests of the Brahmaputra river valley. Equally amazing was seeing the one-honed rhinoceros in the Kaziranga Sanctuary. We visited some of the bird sanctuaries in Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh). We also went to the famous Manas National Park. I clicked many photographs of the rare and exotic birds. We saw the majestic ani natural habitat. Our vacation was very enjoyable and I hope to vi again. N he highlighted words in the above passage—they are all verbs expressed in imple past tense. Let's look at some of the uses of the simple past tense. ®, Usage of Simple Past Tense ‘The simple past tense is used: 1. torefer to an action that started and finished in the past. Examples: > to Jabalpur two years back. > Ibought the vegetables from the market last evening. 2. torefer to a period of time which started and ended in the past. Examples: > How were your vacations? > How was your trip to Scotland? 3. torefer to habits in the past. Examples: > always ok part in the trekking camps at school. > During my college days, I always performed in the annual function «the past. Here are some ways in which we change verbs into the simple past tense. Rules} © We add -ed to most verbs to change their forms into the past tense. > The lion roared in the jungle. For verbs that end ine, we usually add -d. > She typed the letter quickly. > She danced gracefully. When a verb ends with a short vowel sound and a single consonant, double the final consonant and add ~ed. > She topped her class. > The bird hopped on to the wire. For verbs that end in-y, we change the -y to~i and add -ed. > The boy hurried to complete his homework. (hurry) > Shobha carried her water bottle to the class. (carry) Some verbs do not follow any rules. They take a completely different form to express past actions, begin—began go—went arise—arose stand—stood __learn—leamt/learned feed —fed. feel—felt find—found become—became awake—awoke — break—broke shake—shook Some verbs do not change their forms at all when used in the pa: burst, cost, put, shut, bea se. Examples:Check Your Progress B. < Fill in the blanks with the simple past tense of the verbs in the bracket. Change the verb form if necessary. One has been done for you. yesterday. (clean) a new coat l to the market to buy the seeds. (go) ». He “#.208n..... happy to see them. (be) . The play dager. at 8 p.m. (begin) . Anj the ball at once. (catch) | interesting storybooks in her bag, (carry) 1 2 3 4 5. The farmer 402 6. 7. 8. 9, the car recklessly. (drive) down the staircase and hurt himself. (fall) | | 1 .er mother to the market, (accompany) | 13, She tat... late to school. (come) Te | 14. 1..4424&....a leer to my friend. (wri Replace the incorrect verbs with the correct ones. Incorrect ‘The boy wake up at midnight. He open the refrigerator and take out a scoop of chocolate ice cream. His mother was asleep while he enjoy the delicious ice cream. Suddenly, his mother woke up. She smile as she look into the eyes of her naughty little one. Fun Time Form groups of five. One of you will start the game by saying, “Yesterday, I went to the market and bought some bread.” ‘The next student will repeat what you have said and then add his/her the market, All students in turn will repea and add their own sentence. 1 sentences spoken by their friends ‘The student who forgets to repeat the sentences in the correct order is out of the game and the next student gets a chance to speak Play as many rounds till you enjoy.WS © Continuous Tenses: Present and Past Let’s Begin Read the description of the picture given below. Pay attention to the highlighted coming under the tree. ing on a flower. The verbs highlighted above tell us about the actions that are happening right now. These are the present continuous tense, They are form the helping verb‘ are, am) before the main verb and adding ‘ing’ to it. Helping | Main, jn, Verb in the + + ing’ Sentences with Verb in the Present Verb-be ~ Verb Continuous Ps is + stand + ing isstanding | Ram am + hold + ing amholding are + lie + ing — arelying is + fly + ing is flying Usage of Present Continuous Tense Todescribe anaction thatis happening at the moment of speaking, To describe a fixed plan in the near future. grandparents’ house. ® || [eneck YourProgress / The eaglets a%ye..4 }. The teacher .. AS. y shoe. (mend) hese children are doing at the beach.Past Continuous Tense Read the dialogues given bs Mother: What were you doing when the door bell rang? Ravi = Twas practising on the piano when the bell rang, Swati: Iwas listening to music when the bell rang. Father: I was reading a magazine when the bell rang. Father Whowas knocking at the door carly in the morning? Mother: Our neighbours had lost their home keys and were standing at our doorstep. ‘The words that you have used like — were doing, was practising, was listening, ‘was reading, was knocking and were standing show the actions that people were doing a short while ago. They tell us about actions that were happening in the near past. These words are verbs in the past continuous tense. Usage of Past Continuous Tense To describe actions which were going on at a particular time in the past. We were having dinner at 9 p.m, To describe an action (1* action) that began before another action (2 action) in the past. Twas studying (I*action) Es when my father came home from work. (2% action) ‘The past continuous tense is formed by using the helping verb ‘be' (was, were) before the main verb and adding ‘ing’ we. mn “eit soe h verb in the Past inuous Tense was + stand + ing =wasstanding — 1 was standing in a queue when the bus arrived. were + plan + ing =were planning Our teachers were planning our lessons when they were called for an urgent meeting. { Check YourProgress the blanks using the right helping verb and the past continuous tense of the verb given in the bracket. One has been done for you. 1. Reena 3888, 4alshing. a movie yesterday when the power failed. (watch) 2. Levtaa.ealéafeat) my lunch when someone knocked at the door. 3. We Aten’. ..A.10ég 2(sail) in deep waters when the storm came. . 1 ind. ebeeheadiga.. (Gpink) milk when the school bus came. D. Write sentences in the past continuous tense using the picture prompts given below. 1. The children were going for. the pi when the sar broke.down..... aiken, Hepiicceaii r © Tiel casa coleige dar dremsasse» f soho he, otlhee,zadlad dain. $r.dalf. ‘The continuous tenses use —ing at the end of the main verb. It is used for both the present continuous tense and the past continuous tense. The helping verb ~be changes according to the tense. REMEMBER, + -----------------------2-=-222 222-22 : Helping Verbs Change with Number + Tense Singular Plural Present Tense is,am_ Past Tense wasExamples: Present Continuous Tense 1 Tame Past Continuous Tense 2. We are singing songs. 2 songs lastnight when my me home. in the gym when she fell 3. She is exercising in the gym. 3. 4. They are asking questions 4. They were asking questions about the trip about the trip. when the announcement was made. E. Insert verbs in continuous tenses. I went to the stadium. My friends “e sntlieegmaintain) the scores as the team t) first while Sudhir lay) cricket. Renuka (play). Rahul and owl). Anil, Amber Work in pairs. Look at the pictures given below. Take turns to describe them. Player 1 will describe the picture in the present continuous tensé. Player 2 will describe the picture in the past continuous tense. Exchange roles, now player 1 will describe them using the past continuous tense and vice versa. CES a vyvvyy ONS i) Future Time Let’s Begin > Suppose you are ina time machine and have been transported into the future. > Come back to the present time and make predictions about any five things that will happen in the future. Use your imagination, > Take turns to share with your partner. Examples: > In the future, the cars will not have wheels but will have special wings to ly in the sky. > Ishall drive one of those cars. LEEEL RE LE ELL LL LAL ELDER LDLP ‘The words that you have used above like, will and shall tell us about things that will happen in the future. They are used before verbs to predict about the future. Hence together with the verb they express the future time. © Future time is referred to by using will or shall before the present form of the verb. It is used to refer to an action which will happen in the future. and ‘shall’ and shall are modals. They are also used with the base form of the main verb ina sentence to express the future time. + Iwill open a new bank account. (decision) + Ishall contact you if needed. (decision) + Shall I open the door for you? (offer) *,Sometimes, we use contracted forms of The contracted form for both is same Examples: Check Your Progress A. > Lew > He+shall He'll Land we to express f activ subjects whereas shall is gene ly used with Fill in the blanks with the simple future time verbs. The base form of the verbs are given in the help box. One has been done for you. B. weesill Beypgroceries on Sunday. . acid reébjou tomorrow. 1 2 3. Our principal 4% add 4 5. They olan house. 6 He. Read Sana’s ti below. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Morning go to school go to school go to school g0 to school {go to school ¢ school assembly. for Mumbai tomorrow. Aftern do homework study science do homework solve sums study geography i table for the next week. Complete the sentences given Evening, visit grandmother play hockey watch a football match go to the planetarium watch a cartoon movie 4. . On Tuesday evening, .fo2>R2. ae . On Monday yy evening, £2 On Tuesday afternoon, Sd,2. jve_willimmerse will distribute will worship | Ganesh Chaturthi is approaching. Gopal’s father home a beautiful terracotta idol of Lord Ganesh. He ‘sill. diibecloc. clothes and alms to the poor. For the next ten days, Gopal’s fami the deity. After that they "sil? zmeretsa., the idol ina special pond meant x .. them immense satisfaction. for this purpose. The ritu: . [will wish will pray will feed | Eid with great devotion. Like every year, i ay inthe mosque Later, he the poor and the hungry. He ™ seid. Eid Mubarak. {willed shall distribute shall visit ) 1 shadboeait... a gurdwara. 1 Today is Gurupural langar there. Thereafter ‘Today is Christmas. Susan ‘She eb. a ee She di Ganesh, Ali and Harpreet for a Christmas party at her house.t A IRAN la el iT Ay SPEAK WELL WITH INSIGHT - Grade 4, D.A.V. Public School, Dethi i 1 you thild's oes frat eKits} Fefesae ial iat] OND (ele LM Cle -e(-B Co > Work in pairs. > Read the sample travel itinerary given below. Day Acti Time Day1 Arrive i mM. 2 ry ral at Jaipur 7pm. opens Day2 Visit to the Hawa Mahal 10:30 a.m. in30 Dery Visit the City Palace 6pm. Day3 Shop at Bapu Bazaar am. Utes eC 2pm. of classes 4-10 Visit the Jantar Mantar > Based on the above itinerary, frame sentences using either will or shall, | > Example: We will arrive at Jaipur on Day 1. > Brainstorm in pairs and write three more sentences expressing the future time. 9814138945 EEE TY [email protected] www.funshiksha.com