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Inverse Trigonometry Function CBSE

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26 views

Inverse Trigonometry Function CBSE

itf assignment

Uploaded by

Amit Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS The essence of Math is not to make simple things complicated, bat to make complicated things simple! In this chapter, we shall learn Understanding of Inverse Trigonometric Functions Definition, Range, Domain and Principal value branches of inverse trigonometric functions Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions with proof Various type of problems of inverse trigonometric functions INTRODUCTION A function f : A -> B is said to be invertible if fis bijective (i.e., one-one and onto). The inverse of fis denoted by f-': B—> A such that f-'(y) =x, if f(x)=y, VxeA, yeB. Since trigonometric functions are many-one so, their inverse doesn’t exist over their entire domains. But they become one-one and onto by restricting their domains. Therefore, inverse of trigonometric functions are defined with restricted domains. In fact, in the discussion below we have used all the restrictions required so that the inverse of the concerned trigonometric functions do exist. If these restrictions are removed, the terms will represent inverse trigonometric relations and not the functions. Note that the inverse trigonometric functions are also called as Inverse Circular Functions. IMPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS & RESULTS 01. Inverse of Trigonometric Functions © We know that the domain of sine function (sin x) is the set of Real numbers and range is the closed interval [-1, 1]. That is, for f :R >[-L, I] i D, =R and R, =[-1.I] , sine: R ->[-1,1] is defined as f(x) =sin x , we have Forethought required Let f: AB such that f(x) = y is one-one and onto, then we can define a unique function g:B—A such that g(y) =x, where x € Aand y= f(x), y € B. Here, the domain of g= range of fand the range of g=domain of f . The function g is called the inverse of f and is denoted by f"!, Further, g is also one-one and onto and inverse of g is f Thus, gta(flyt= \ Sx)_., 5n_ 1. -(x)_ (50), BSE Since ‘(2}- i ; and (= )-snB=5 ie, (2 )=1(=) ou <= so, clearly f(x)=sinx is not one-one function. Instead, it is a many-one function, If We restrict the domain of sine function from set of Real numbers to x 2] then it becomes one- one and onto with the range [-1, 1]. hid ei het elem onl [on on i eee | |e eee Actually, sine function when restricted to any of the in oblea lao [-=.-4] [-=. -3] etc., becomes one-one and onto with the range [-1, 1]. eles) We can therefore, define the inverse of sine function in each of these intervals. We denote the inverse of sine function by sin“ or, arc sine function i.e., arc sin, Thus, sin is a function with domain [-1, 1] and ann) [Sn 3 range could be any of the intervals [-24] [eI [? #)|-2-4] [-2-¥] ete. an? 2 2 Corresponding to each such intervals, [-2 | or, [24 or, [ get a branch of the function sin“. The branch with the range [-z] is called the pri branch, whereas other intervals as range give different branches of sin~', which are called the non- principal value branch (or, other than principal value branch). When we refer to the function sin”, we take it as the function whose domain is [-1, 1] and range is [-z 4. We write, sin“ :[- uo +, I. From the definition of the inverse functions, it follows that sin(sin“ x) = x if -1 1 or yS-l) ice,, the set R—(-I, 1). It means that y = cosec x assumes alll real values except ~1 3] The function corresponding to the range | + {0} is called the principal value branch of cose z. 2 We therefore, write cosee™ : R= (-I, p=|-5 a. {0}. @ In the same way, the inverse of tangent, cotangent and secant functions can be defined. x Hence, we have tan“: R—> (-3 2). cot :R— (0.x) and sec?:R-(-1, 1) [0, 2]- {s. -5) dtc.. Z Also (7, 27), (—n, 0) ete. are the intervals in which inverse of cotangent function can be defined. A few more intervals in which tan”! can be defined are (3. 2), (- Similarly inverse of secant function can be defined in the intervals [x, 27] - {= zh, [-s o]- {-3} - & Graphs of Inverse Trigonometrie Functions 02. Principal value Numerically smallest angle is known as the principal value. Finding the principal value: For finding the principal value, following algorithm can be followed. STEP 1 Firstly, draw a trigonometric circle and mark the quadrant in which the angle may lie. STEP 2 Select anticlockwise direction for I and II quadrants and clockwise direction for III and IV quadrants. STEP 3 Find the angles in the first rotation. STEP 4 Select the numerically least (magnitude wise) angle among these two values. The angle thus found will be the principal value. STEP 5 In case, two angles one with positive sign and the other with the negative sign qualify for the numerically least angle then, itis the convention to select the angle with positive sign as principal value, @ The principal value is never numerically greater than 7. 03. Table demonstrating domains and ranges of Inverse Trigonometric functions Inverse Trigonometric Functions Domain , Range y=f@) Values of x Values of f(x) sin™ x [40 cos? x. [-1.1] cosec™'x R-(-1,1) sec" x, R-(-1,1) tan™x R cot'x R © Note the followings and keep them in mind @ The symbol sin“'x is used to denote the smallest angle whether positive or negative, such that the sine of this angle will give us x. Similarly, cos“'x, tan”'x, cosec"'x, sec'x and cot™x are defined. (i) You should note that sin'x can be written as arcsinx. Similarly, other Inverse Trigonometric Functions can also be written as arc cosx, arctanx, arcsecx etc. (iii) Also note that sin™'x (and similarly other Inverse Trigonometric Functions) is entirely different from (sinx)". In fact, sin”'x is the measure of an angle in Radians whose sine ee is x whereas (sin x)"' is —— (which is obvious as per the laws of exponents). sinx (iv) Keep in mind that these inverse trigonometric relations are true only in their domains ic., they are valid only for some values of ‘x’ for which inverse trigonometric functions are well defined. © Properties of inverse trigonometric functions & their proofs , x € (—20,-1]U[I, 00) a) @) sin-toy=eosee (4). xef-hr 0) cosee""(9)=sin" cull, (© cos"te=see"( +}. xe[-hl] (a) sec™!( oos'(4), X €(-00,-1]UJl,00) cot"(1),x>0 tn™(4),x>0 : ( cot (x)= . (©) tan"(x) = ' ; -nvcor'(2),x<0 netar'(4),x<0 x x PROOF (a) Let sin7!(x) = 0 then, sind = x => cosec0 = Zz x => 0=cosec" (2) x sin“!(x)=cosec™! (2). = (e) Let tan“!(x) =6 then, tan@ =x => cotd= i x @) => 0=cot"| — x = tan™!(x) = cot™! (4) =O) x Case I When x > 0, then tan“ x and cot”'x both lie in (03) Therefore, tan7!(x) =cot™! (2) if x>0. x Case II When x <0, then tan” x lies in (-$0) and cot"'x lies in (§.). So, we add —n in the RHS of equation (i) to balance both the sides. Therefore, tan“!(x) =—n+cot™! (2) ifx<0 x cot! (2) x>0 x tan7!(x) = ; : -n+cot! (2) x<0 x Other results can be proved in the same way! (2) (a) sin"(-x)=—sin™ x, x €[-1, 1] () cos"! (-x)=-cosx, x e[-1, ]] (©) tan“(-x) =—tan“!x, xR (a) cosec™!(-x) =-cosee"!x, |x|21 (e) sec™'(-x) = n-see™! x, |x| >1 () cot'(-x) =a-cot!x, xeR PROOF (b) Let cos“!(-x) = 0 then, cos@ = —x =>-cos0=x => cos(m—0) =x =cos'x=1-8@ =0=n-cos'x ©. cos"'(-x) = t-cosx Similarly, we can prove other results! (3) @) sin"! (sinx)=x, ~Fsxst (b) cos“! (cosx) =x, 0Sx Sm -1 Sos a on (©) tan™ (tanx) =x, ~OXSy (d) cosec™! (cosecx) = x, 55x85 pxeo (e) sec"! (sex) =x, 0 cos| —-0 |=x (-) => 4_@=cos'x 2 == =cos"x+0 2 = sin x-+eos x =F, -10, y>0, xy>1 I-xy neta 222), x<0, y<0, xy>1 xy, wn 222), xy>-l (@) tan! x-tan“! y=) a+tan (=) x>0, y<0, xy<-I -n+tan'|*=¥ | x <0, y>0, xy<-I 1+xy (@ tan“!x+tan!y +tanz=tan (Ae) l-xy-yz-zx PROOF (a) Let sin“! x =@ and sin“'y =f. Then, sin@ =x and, sinB=y. Now sin(0+) = sin @cosB + cos@sinB = sin(@@+B) =sin@,/i-sin’B + Vi-sin? 0 sinB = sin(0+B)=xJl-y? +yvi-x? =0+B=sin"[xVi-y" +ywirx'| sin x +sin" y = sin” [xy h-¥? +yi-x']. (b) Let cos™'x = and cos“ y=. Then, cos =x and, cosB=y. Now cos(0—B) =cos@cosf +sin@sinB = cos(0—B) = cos@cosp+Vi-sin®0,/i—sin®B = cos(0-B)=xy+Vi-x? JI-y? > 0+B=cos" pyevinw i-¥'] eos"'x—cos"' y= cos" [ay +Vi=x Vi ¥" J. (©) Let tan“! x =0 and tan" y=. Then, tan@ =x and, tanB=y. tan 6+ tanB tan OtanB Now tan(6 +) = = tan(0+B) = 7 op tan( 22) I-xy = tan x+tan™ y= wn"( For x > 0, tan” x will be a positive angle and for y > 0, tan“ y will also be a positive angle. Therefore, LHS of (¢) will be a positive angle and hence RHS should also be a positive angle. Case When x>0, y>0 and xy <1 then . *¥ iis positive. y jf + - So, tan (2) will be a positive angle. Hence, tan“ x +tan“ y = tan” Case II When x>0, y>0 and xy>1 then wy is negative. Gsel ay So, ww( 242) will be a negative angle. Therefore we add 7 to make it positive and balanced. Hence, tan"'x +tan“ y = + tan7!| **¥ I-xy Case II When x <0, y<0 and xy>1 then, — is positive. ae =x} So, tan'x +tan“' y will be a negative angle and tan” (22) will be a positive angle. a Therefore to balance it we will be adding —« —n+ tan ae I-xy (d) Let tan“! x =0 and tan“ 1 Hence, tan“ x + tan™ y=B. Then, tan@ =x and, tanB=y. Now tan(o—B) = 12 0=tanB_ I+ tan OtanB => tan(@—-B) = *—» ; B) l+xy o-p=tan-(2—2) T+xy = tan”! actor" y=tan( xr) AA) T+xy Case I When x>0, y>0 and xy2-I then, ~— js positive (or negative depending upon the T+xy absolute value of the angles x and y). Also if x >0, y>0 then, 6, Be (0.3). nn). “1 a x - = | ice. -t -- So, 0 be( £2) ie, tan x—tan ve( 7 af x= : Hence, tan“! x —tan™ y = tan ‘( x), xy2-1 [Byusing (A) Texy c 0, y<0 and xy <-1 then ~— js negative. ‘ase I When x > 0, y <0 and xy Tay Brezative Also if x>0, y <0 then, 0¢(04),pe(-Z.0] ie, oe(02)-pe(o4). So, 0—BeE(0,x) ie., tan'x—tan"'y € (0,7) As tan'| =» | isa negative angle. 1+xy Therefore we add m in RHS of (A) to make it positive and balanced. Hence, tan“'x —tan'y = «+ tan“'| *—* |, x >0, y<0 and xy <-I. 1+xy Case I] When x <0, y>0 and xy <-I then a is positive. +xy open one) So, 0B (-7,0) ie., tanx-tan"y € (-7,0). Also if x <0, y>0 then, 0€ stan“! x—tan“! y will be a negative angle and tan” (2 » } will be a positive angle. +xy. Therefore to balance it we will be adding —7 in RHS of (A). Hence, tan" x —tan“' y =—n+tan“'| = |, x <0, y>0 and xy<-I I+xy (6) (2) 21an" x= sin" = z}ixtst 1+x? (b) 2tan?x = cos”! (>) x20 1+x* (©) 2tan™x = tan™ (2). -I 20=sin” (2 o(2s a 1 2. 2tan™ x =si (2 :] 1+x? Note that, |x |< implies -I-I tan020 = 0-I-<0<% .-%<20<2. 142 2 © To simplify inverse trigonometrical expressions, following Substitutions can be considered Sibson xX=atan@ or x=acotd x =asin® or x=acos@ x=asecO@ or x=a cosecO x=acos20 x? =a cos 20 x=asin’@ or x=acos70@ x a+x x=atan’?@ or x=acot?6 Workep OUT ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Ex01. Sol. Ex02. Sol. Ex03. Sol. Ex04, Sol. Find the principal value of the followings : (a) s'(-4) (b) tan 1 (a) Let sin” (-z) =y. Then siny=-—~ v2 v2 As we know that the range of principal branch of sin“! x is [- () arcsin (- . : i ae Therefore, principal vate af sin’ is -2. v2 4 I =y. Then tany= (b) Let tan — So, y will lie in I or II] quadrant. For I quadrant, we will select anticlockwise direction and for III quadrant, we will select clockwise direction (as discussed in the Theory section about the principal value). Therefore, the angles in the first circle are 7/6 and —51/6. It can be seen clearly that the angle 7/6 is of least numerical value (magnitude). Hence conventionally, 7/6 will be selected as the principal value. Therefore, principal value ot an( ) 2. B 6 (c) Here are sin (4) =sin™ ( # Note that, here we have used sin“'(sinx) =x, when x€ Find the value of sin" x~2cos™ x, if x7+2x+1=0. As x? +2x+1=0 =(x+))?=0 2.x=-l Now sin x-2cos™ x = sin“'(-1) -2.cos“(-1) x Sn =|-2|-2()=-2. > ( *) =-3 Write the domain of the function sin (4—3x). We know that f(x) = sin x is defined only iff x €[-1, 1]. So, for sin“'(4—3x) to be defined, we must have -1<(4—3x) <1. That is, -1-4<(4—3x)-4<1-4 >-5<-3x<-3 wisxs3, 3 Therefore, the domain of for sin“!(4—3x) is xe [- ‘I. 3 ae Write the domain of the function S!—G=%) tog(hs|-2) sin'G-x) Let f(x) = es ee Tog (x|=2) Ex05. Sol. Ex06. Sol. Ex07. Sol. The function f(x) is defined only iff (3-x) €[-,1] and log(|x|-2) #0. Now -1<(3-x)<1_ =-1-3<(3-x)-3S1-3 =>-4S-x<-2 =20 ie, Consider this discussion on the number line, shown below. |>2 which means, either x <-2 or, x>2. <—o— Therefore, the domain of the function is x € (2,4]- {3}. Find the range of the function f(x)= tan” x+ sin" = Note that the domain of sin x is x €[-I, I] and that of tan”'x isxeR. So, the domain of f(x) = tan”! xin x isxe[-L 1]. Also, note that tan”'x and sin“'x both are increasing functions in the interval. So, at x=—1, we ef the minimum value of f(x) ie., £1) = tn) +4 sin =-2 4-2) =-2 (Cl) = tan"(-1) + sin") *45(-4) 5 and, at x =1, we es the maximum value of f(x) i., f= tan"'()+fsin(y=2+4{2)= 5. Hence, the range of f (x) is [-z a. Find the range of the function f(x) = sin“ x+sec x. Note that the domain of sin“'x is x €[-I, I] and that of secx is xeR-(-1, I) ie, —0@=—e/--,-]. 5 222 Qn a If 4sin" x+cos x=, then find the value of x. 4sin'x+cos'x=1 =>3sin'x+sin"x+cos'x=7 Therefore, principal value of aresn{ sn) = a tn => 3sin'x=n-— a =sin"x=2 6 =>x=sin2 6 . 7 Solve for x: cos(tan™ x)= sin cot" 2). We have cos(tan™ x) = sin( cot? 3) al fat => coscos =sin| sin 3 Solve : cos /3x+cos x= x 2 Given, cos” V3x + cos" x = 7 “1 Lo = cos" 3) 57 c0s x Exll. Sol. Exi2. Sol. = coscos"' V3x = oo cor] => V3x =sincos x = V3x =sinsi > V3x =Vi-x? On squaring both the sides, we get : 3x? =1-x?_ => 4x?=1 > x= ae 2 As X= doesn’t satisfy the equation whereas x = ; satisfies. ze Hence x=- isthe only solution. 1 Simplify : cot for x<-1. 1 1 Jes Put x =sec@ => 0=sec"!x . Then sec0<-I = F y=cot! (cot(n—0)) =1-0 =m-sec'x. 1 Prove that if > 0<2-0< 3 a wis 050 = 3 . y=0cos" so 3-0)] 3 ela Sy=0+5-0= =RHS. 3 # Note that cos(-A) = cos. Can you try this Sum with substitut ion x= sin6? Is it still possible to get the result? 1 4(1=x Ex13. Prove that : tan” Vx = cos (32), x< fou. | Sol. Put x=tan?0 in RHS. Also, it is given that 0< x <1. So, 00stan0<1> 0507 => 02055 Now RHS: fos" (=) dos" 1+x =0= tan! Vx =LHS. Recall that, cos“! cosx =x, x €[0, 7]. Exl4, Prove that : cot!| #88 — Vi-+sinx + V1-sinx esis fess ees Sol. LHS: cot Vi+sinx +1-sinx oe a: lcos? pesin 25 + 2sin 5 cos — cos* pesin pF —2sin > cos~ oe Jena Dead > ox xX Xx cos” ptsin PF 2sin cos + cos” 5 +sin 2 *_9sin~ cos— 202 2 _ foosdssn) x x cos —+sin— [cos sin) fossese3} odes) 2 2 => feotsins) [cos? feotsins) [cos sin} x lcos* + sin *|—lcos*—sin i Dialze a2 => soot | -—— 7 _ I cos * + sin *|+|cos~—sin* Dalle 2 {cos3 +s) (cos sin?) 0< 0 *4-sin= |-| cos — x cos*>sinX = +sin> *—sin = cos~ > sin ey) 2 2 Peas) " : => scott 2. | = cot” tan= 2cos* 2 2 => =cot™ ‘eot{ $2 22 Exl5. Sol. Exl6. Sol. Exi7. Sol, Note that, 0<% <2 3% are < i 3 Find the value of chow ‘i ae 1,y>Oand xy<1. 1 Here etc 28 si 1- "| +x ley If x > =cot—|—-sin? 4 2_, ac eo 12 1 > =cot[—2tan™ x—2tanr y] rn > nfs] => = =cot| 2 tant X+Y 2 Ixy => =tantan!<+Y Ixy ey Ixy oe _, (3sinx+2cosx Simplify : sin ‘(ae vi3 3sin x +2cosx Let y =si (ge) : Wis at 2 w yoto(fgninrs Pore) 2 2 = cos => sin == and tan@ == cos Fg and n= +. y =sin™ (cos@xsin x +sin@ x cos x) = sin” sin(x +0) = y=x+0 Sa 7 .1( sinx+cosx 1 i’ [=F v2 sin x + cosx sin maeoss) == 2 2 wi (onan sin(sin(x+2}}=2 sin*(sin(x+4)]=4 n_t Sx¢tet Ce | = } find the value of x. n “x=—. 4 Ex18. (a) If sin? (2) sin (3) = a then find the value of x. x x Sol. (b) Find the value of x, if tans" ()] =sin(tan™ 2), x>0- x (a) sin (2) esr (2}-3 a eae) =sin™| = |=— =|=cost| = x) 2 x x 3 =sin"(2)=sin" 1-(4) [05x =sin™ v . x x [oe x? -16 x 7. x => x?[9-(x?-16)]=0 As x40, x2 =25>x=5,-5. Note that x can’t be —5 as it doesn’t satisfy the given equation. Therefore, x =5. (b) tan [se (2)] = sin(tan'2), x>0 x a x axe (x0. > Ex20. Find the interval in which sin“ x < cos"! x. Sol We have cos" x > sin“ x Ro .o-} => >-sin™'x>sin™"x Zz m | ==> 2sin"x 2 m -1 =>—>sin'x 4 oy on =sinsin” x = + Z aX ay 1-costan“'— 1+costan’ y x 2 2 > = + x 1-cos cos? — 1+coscos yer x FE ; AF ° ey EE. eal wey -y weyew = oeey [avatoy? syle ytd’ ey af} mo ndal ey’ [ala ey sayey ey x} 2 avitey fase ey'} = = (xsyix' +y’) = RES. 1 1 Pind the value ibe +*$_—__—_.. i +e, the of tan +t aan iodo Let y = tan — 1. 1 = = tan nt ton? ——_—__ +02 ye ea eae 1 mye ie , f= T+a(len) ye S {un“(a+t)- tana} = > tn[eme 2-3-0020" tno tey“tne ema) y= tim[ tan“ (n+ 1) tan tant) : a {a+)-t =y-tale wecv-t] > fm EXer cise 3.1 QO1. Find the Principal Values in each of the followings : «xB : a 1 (a) cos or (b) sin = (© tan (d) cosec™ (2) (© sec"'(-V2) ( cot" (1) (g) cosec™ (h) oot'(- ! (i tan“'(-V3) @ sin'(3) (k) sec"(-I) () sin“(-1) Q02. Using the principal values, evaluate the followings : (a) tan (V3)—cot" (V3 b) tan" (-1 +eos"(-J5] (8)-s0°(8) © w'(eco'(—F al (@ 120) +sir'{-3) (o se asin" © 2sin"(-0.5)+008"( 1) ( tan'(/3)—see™(-2) (2) tan (1) +sin*(—5) rcs" (-3) (h) tan“! 3 -sec™ (-2)teose5" : 3 3B antl 3) cost | V3 Ain sin ( 8 cose( 4 () tar (WB) -eor (V5) Q03. Write down any one of the range of sin“'x, cos“'x, tan x, cosec”'x, sec“'x and cot™' x other than their respective principal branches (ie., non-principal value branch). Q04. Write the domain of the followings : (a) sin'2x (b) sin '(-x’) (0) cos"(x? - 4) (d) sin"'x + cosx Q0S. Find the domain and range of f(x) = in“ x +cos' x +tan™'x. Q06. Plot the graph for f(x) =sin"'x+eos"'x, xe[-1, 1]. Q07. Sketch the graph for f(x) Q08. Draw the graph of f(x) = 2tan’!x Exercise 3.2 Q01. Find the Principal value of the followings : (a) cos (cox) sin (b) evs (cov®] (0) cos [cost (@) can'( on) © sin'(s 2) () sin'(sn) @) exec" (cose (a) sar'(1an) @ cos" (cos™) () sin“(sin 2) (k) sin™'(sin 10) () tan tan3 1 (m) cos“! cos320°~sin“'sin 320° (n) ta'(1an 22) Q02. Evaluate the followings : (a) cot(tan“!a+cot™a) (b) cos(see"!x +cosee), x|]>1 i eat 1 © tn] ant] (@) so] E-sin (3) (6) tan 4 sin! 284 cos HY) a} ct,y>0 and xy <1 2 1+x? l+y? a) tn” {20n( ain} (g) tan{2tan"(0.2)] (h) cot [s»(-3)] @ tan sin’ 2 scor! 3) (i) sin(2cos“(-0.6)) *QU3. Simplify the expression : tan” a+ cot"(a+1). af a—b? af b’-c? *Q04. Prove that : tan") * —>— | 4 tant P=2 | tant ot, movi ( 2228 2s QOS. Evaluate : cos(2cos"!x +sin"x) at x =t. Q06. Write the principal value of tan“! tan7. Q07. Evaluate : sin“'(cossin“ x) +cos”(sincosx), |x| <1. Q08. Find the interval, in which sin“! x > cos x. Exercise 3.3 QO1. Prove the followings : (a) caw(2)-tan'(2)-£ () 10") -siv"(S coe" (3) © wav'(2) + vaw'(2) 7 wav'(2) (4) 2tan” '(g} an (2)- www) " 8 ao tae ad a 163 _ © Le (0 sin 12 0055 tan" = afl). afl). (1) ® oe pads (h) tan (3) +n (3) +n (i) e og () cot 9+ cosec" cos F005 2 = 0s (W9) tan“ (1) + tan"! (2) + tan” eyer{uenomJoue()) Q02. Simplify the following expressions : a) ca" | by tan] fH | cx T+cosx ©) tan” (= 6) tan” { (a d) cos" 3eosx + Ssinx 5 5 9) tan i ats ).-3 Bex edt I-sinx 2 g) tan” a mos) if 00, BOSG kK tan (x+Vie), xeR ) wr | 1+x mae) teed 0 a-( >) -acncs 4q) tant (2.) +tan™ (Sim x] 4 5+3cos2x 0) sin p) cot I-cosx 4 ~tan 1+cosx Q03. Prove the followings : a) 3sin™ x =sin"(3x—4x3), xe ot 4] 2°2 b) 3cos™ x = cos"'(4x3 —3x), x [+] ¢) tan x +tan™ (75) tan” ( x Doxa) ax . I d) tan (Soe (a) "2x3 |2x| <—e €) sin“'(2xVI=x") = 2c0s""x, ss xsl I I sin" (2xV1—x? )=2sin""x, -=1 p) cos" x +cos'y vin RE «| Sinx+cosx]_ 7 T x ¥) sin [Seep aden Benet v2 {y- (i-<\0-¥}} if -10 4) tan" 2x + tan'3x = +x) 2 4 °) sin sin AR int ny cos 'x sin! =F g) tan"'x+2eot!x =28 h) tan cos"x=sincor" + i) sin[ 2cos" {cot (2 tan” x}]=i j) sec? tan“! 2+ cosec? cot! 3 = x k) 2(tan"! 4 4-cot x) = I) 9cos(2sin"x) =1 _ m) 3sin"| 2% |_geos| ¥" | atan7t[ 28] Tex lex =x? |73 n) sin“! x + sin"(1—x) = cos" x 0) sin (> ssin'(2)= x m2 p) sin[cot™'(x +1)] = cos(tan x) q) tan(cos x) = sin(tan'2), x >. EXercIsE 3.4 Miscellaneous types (H.O.T.S.) -I Qui. Q02. Q03. Qo4. Q05. 06. Qv7. Q08. Q09. Quo. Qu. Qi2. Qus. Qua. Qs. Q16. = “1 “1 If cos’ x + cos" y+cos'z=n then, prove that x? +y?+z? + 2xyz=1. If tan“! x +tan™ 1 = 4 then, find the value of x+y+xy. (a) If tan x +tan“ y + tan” ; then, prove that xy +yz+zx =1. (b) If tan" x + tan” y+tan“'z = then, prove that x+y+z=xyz. [i 4 cos ——— sin" |. sya vi7 Vive -Vi-e Viex? + Vix 2 Solve: sec”! a +tan-( 2%_) 2% x1 3 Prove that : tan“! x = 2tan™[ cosectan™ x -tan cot” x]. Evaluate : tn If = tan” ( then, prove that sin 24 =x?. Show that tan] sin" 2)- sa and, justify why the other value “£7 js ignored? =x Simplify : sin*| 2cot,|-—* ]. ty: [soe al a \4 Ce Show that : (a) sin{ 2tan’' |+-costan w= (b) cot} 7 -2cot"'3|=7. Evaluate : tan Soo 12-5 Solve : (tan x)? +(cot™ x)? = =. 2 (a) If cost (Z}scor'(2) =a then, prove that *>-—* cosa += sin? a. a (b) If cos{3} os" (3) =a then, prove that 9x?—12xycosa.+ 4y? = 36si If sin" x+sin"! y= 2 and cos! x—cos = then, find (x, y) Pind the greatest and least value of (sin™' x)’ +(cos™ x)’. Solve the equation : sin"'6x + sin’! 6V/3 x = - QI7. Find the real solutions of the equation : tan“! Jx(x +1) + sin! Vx? +x +1 = ei : 63 QI8. Find the value of sin sin Exercise 3.5 Miscellaneous types (H.O.T.S.) - IT QOL. If y=cot"*(Veosx)~ tan (feosx) then, prove that sin y = tan? Q02. If u=cot™ Vtan6 -tan“ Vtan® then, show that tan 0 = wan 7-3) = 2 (b) Prove that : bcos"! (4) =tan” (Sn = 2 5+3cosx 22 Q04. Prove that: cos“{ SOS4+£08B ) _ 9 tay! tan Stan®), I+ cosccosp Dea? QS. If sin! x+sin"! y+sin“' z=" then, prove that xVI-x* +yJI-y? +2vi—z =2xyz. Q06. Show that : 2 tan“ tan .tan( 4-8.) = tan? SinacosB 242 cosa+sinB Q07. If-a,,a,,a,,.. a, are in arithmetic progression (A.P.) with common difference d, then evaluate the following expression : -f__4 if od a(__4 “1 tan] tan’ +tan +tan ++ tan] ——__ Ita, 1+a,a, l+a,a, I+a, = 1 e 1 . 1 = 08. If tan“ | —— |+tan! ++ te ————~ |= tan"' 6, then fit : Q fan (a) fan (Ss) fan (ata fan) en find the value of @ , om Q03. (a) Prove that : 2tan“| /#=" tan® = cost (sesse2) atb a+bcos® +..¢ tan” 1 2 09. Sum the series : tan“ —+ tan =+ tan” Q series : tan” ; z T 1. , 3sin2x 10. Find ‘hi 0,=| if x =tan™' 2 tan? x -= sin"! —-——_. QUI. Find the value of oot'(1 +3 )ecor'(2 +3 oor" (= +3) ce, Qi2. Fst a on 2 ac Bai 4 Q13. Find the minimum value of (sec! x)? + (cosee“'x)? Q03. (a)9 — Q03.(b) 8 Q03. (c) 60 Q03.(d)0 QOS. (e) n! Q04, Horizontal Line Test: The graph (b) represents the one-one function of x, because horizontal line drawn in (b) meets the graph at only one point. QOS. Vertical Line Test: The graph of (a) represents the function of x, because vertical line drawn in (a) meets the graph at only one point i.e., for one x in domain there exists only one f (x) in codomain. Q06. f isnot one-one Q09. f is one-one QUO. f isn’t surjective Q22. One-one and onto both Q32. Function is invertible Q37. Function f is not one-one Q42. Not one-one. EXERCISE 2.5 QO1. (a) One-one and onto both. —_QO1. (b) fis neither one-one nor onto. QO1. (c) One-one and onto both. Q02. (a) (0,0) 02. (b) [0, 1] Q02. (c) R-{0} Q02. (d) (3,20) 02. (e) [-2,0) (0,1) 03. (a) [+ 203. (b) (nft.-] 03. (c) {-1} 03. (d) (-1, 1} 04. (a) (-9,-2)U[4, 20) 04. (b) [1,2] 1 06. -n[L}. CHAPTER 03 EXERCISE 3.1 : Qo1. as b) + oz ae 0% 92 = -2 2 Wx y-% Q02. a) -F ws os 4-4 Oe 9-4 jz mo pF -F Q03. Below are the ranges of inverse trigonometric functions other than their principal branch : 1. For sin“'x, | -3%,-2 [Ee 38) ete, : *L 2° 2y|2’2 2. For cosx, [-1,0], [7,2x] ete. 3. For cosec"x, aie [$s ete. 6. For cot'x, (—x,0), (x, 2m) ete. ee 04. (a) [-4. | Q04. (c) x e[-V5,-V3]U[N3, V5] Q04. (b) [s/s Lie, x € (1, 1] Q04. (d) xe ROHL ie. 1, 1 05. [1.1], | 2, 3% Q bah [5 |. EXERCISE 3.2 In 01. w= = a2 o> QOL. a) x » s at nF 5 2 = = i= jy x-2 95 aq WF dF De k)3n-10 I) 3-n m) 80° n) -= 1 x+y 02. 0 b) -—= Q02. a) ) 0 o-% at iy x 5 3n 7 ay 24 i 4 aD De > D-% 03. tan"\(o? +0.+1) Qos. ae Q06. 7-27 Q07 : 08. xe( EXERCISE 3.3 Q02. a) sec"'x, if x>1; n—sec"'x, if x<-1 ) -F,if -w 2 QIS. Least value = Greatest value = on QI7.0,-1 ais. 22 EXERCISE 3.5 a,-a n x 107. leeks =— . 12" -— 10. x=0,— Q (254) Q08. 6 aa Q09. tan a Q : Qui. tan2 Qi2. 0 a3. F CHAPTER 04 EXERCISE 4.1 Q01. Continuous Q02. Continuous Q03. Continuous everywhere in its domain Q04. Continuous Q05. Continuous Q06. Continuous everywhere in its domain Q08. xe R-{0} Q09. xe(0.3] Q07. Continuous everywhere in its domain x € (0,00)-1. QI2. Continuous Ql. 3 QII. Discontinuous Q13. Point of discontinuity : x ot Ql4. 3 QIs. 3 Q16. 10 QI7.4 Qis. x=0 Q19. 1/2 EXERCISE 4.2 Q01. Continuous Q02. Continuous Q03. Continuous Q04. Discontinuous Q05. Discontinuous Q06. Discontinuous Q07.1 Q08. 4 Q09. a=3, b=-8 Ql0. 3 Qi. a=1, b=-1 QI2. a=3, b=2 213. 3a-3b=2 Ql4. 2 QI6. Discontinuous QI8.9 z 19, -2 Q20. a=2,b=1 = KERCISE 4.3 1. (a) Continuous Q02. a=3, b 03. a abet Q05. Yes Q06. No, | 8 Q08. Discontinuous 09, ; QI3. Differentiable Not Differentiable QU5. a=3, b=5 QI6. pe(O.1] Q19. All integers (Z) ot I 1 I P=->,q=— Q23. 20, 107 24. p=-— 26.-——-= — Q27. = 7955 a Q24. p 3 Q iB Q 5 Q29. a=4,b=-4 Lb=14V2; a=-1,b=1 vontinuous at x = 0 & x = | and, non differentiable at x = 0 & x=1 Q33. Continuous at x= | & non differentiable at x = 2 o point of discontinuity on [-1, 1] =3 and, non differentiable at x =0 Q35. non differentiable at x =1 & differentiable at x = 2

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