5.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Implementing AI in manufacturing facilities is getting popular among manufacturers. According

to Capgemini’s research, more than half of the European manufacturers (51%) are implementing AI
solutions, with Japan (30%) and the US (28%) following in second and third.

The same study also reveals that most popular AI use cases in manufacturing are improving:

• maintenance (29% of manufacturing AI use cases)

• quality (27%)

This popularity is driven by the fact that manufacturing data is a good fit for AI/machine learning.
Manufacturing is full of analytical data which is easier for machines to analyze. Hundreds of variables
impact the production process and while these are very hard to analyze for humans, machine learning
models can easily predict the impact of individual variables in such complex situations. In other industries
involving language or emotions, machines are still operating at below human capabilities, slowing down
their adoption.

COVID-19 pandemic also increased the interest of manufacturers in AI applications. As seen on Google
Trends graph below, the panic due to lockdowns may have forced manufacturers shift their focus to
artificial intelligence.
Predictive maintenance

Manufacturers leverage AI technology to identify potential downtime and accidents by analyzing the sensor
data. AI systems help manufacturers forecast when or if functional equipment will fail so its maintenance
and repair can be scheduled before the failure occurs. Thanks to AI-powered predictive maintenance,
manufacturers can improve efficiency while reducing the cost of machine failure.

Generative design

Generative design uses machine learning algorithms to mimic an engineer’s approach to design. Designers
or engineers enter parameters of design (such as materials, size, weight, strength, manufacturing methods,
and cost constraints) into generative design software and the software provides all the possible outcomes
that can be created with those parameters. With this method, manufacturers quickly generate thousands of
design options for one product.

Robotics

Industrial robots, also referred to as manufacturing robots, automate repetitive tasks, prevent or reduce
human error to negligible rate, and shift human workers’ focus to more productive areas of the operation.
Applications of robots in plants vary. Applications include assembly, welding, painting, product inspection,
picking and placing, die casting, drilling, glass making, and grinding.

Industrial robots have been in manufacturing plants since the late 1970s. With the addition of artificial
intelligence, an industrial robot can monitor its own accuracy and performance, and train itself to get better.
Some manufacturing robots are equipped with machine vision that helps the robot achieve precise mobility
in complex and random environments.

Quality assurance

Quality assurance is the maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product. Assembly lines
are data-driven, interconnected and autonomous networks. These assembly lines work based on a set of
parameters and algorithms that provide guidelines to produce the best possible end-products. AI systems
can detect the differences from the usual outputs by using machine vision technology since most defects
are visible. When an end-product is lower quality than expected, AI systems trigger an alert to users so that
they can react to make adjustments.
SOURCE: CAPGEMINIPIN

Inventory management

AI is transiting from just a research topic to the early stages of enterprise adoption. Tech giants like Google

and Facebook have placed huge bets on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and are already using

it in their products. But this is just the beginning, over the next few years, we may see AI steadily glide into

one product after another.

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
According to Stanford Researcher, John McCarthy, “Artificial Intelligence is the science and

engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. Artificial

Intelligence is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence,

but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.”

Simply put, AI’s goal is to make computers/computer programs smart enough to imitate the

human mind behaviour.

Knowledge Engineering is an essential part of AI research. Machines and programs need to have

bountiful information related to the world to often act and react like human beings. AI must have

access to properties, categories, objects and relations between all of them to implement

knowledge engineering. AI initiates common sense, problem-solving and analytical reasoning

power in machines, which is much difficult and a tedious job.

AI services can be classified into Vertical or Horizontal AI

What is Vertical AI?

These are services focus on the single job, whether that’s scheduling meeting, automating

repetitive work, etc. Vertical AI Bots performs just one job for you and do it so well, that we

might mistake them for a human.

What is Horizontal AI?

These services are such that they are able to handle multiple tasks. There is no single job to be

done. Cortana, Siri and Alexa are some of the examples of Horizontal AI. These services work

more massively as the question and answer settings, such as “What is the temperature in New

York?” or “Call Alex”. They work for multiple tasks and not just for a particular task entirely.

AI is achieved by analysing how the human brain works while solving an issue and then using

that analytical problem-solving techniques to build complex algorithms to perform similar tasks.

AI is an automated decision-making system, which continuously learn, adapt, suggest and take
actions automatically. At the core, they require algorithms which are able to learn from their

experience. This is where Machine Learning comes into the picture.

WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING?

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are much trending and also confused terms

nowadays. Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. ML is a science of

designing and applying algorithms that are able to learn things from past cases. If some

behaviour exists in past, then you may predict if or it can happen again. Means if there are no

past cases then there is no prediction.

ML can be applied to solve tough issues like credit card fraud detection, enable self-driving cars

and face detection and recognition. ML uses complex algorithms that constantly iterate over

large data sets, analyzing the patterns in data and facilitating machines to respond different

situations for which they have not been explicitly programmed. The machines learn from the

history to produce reliable results. The ML algorithms use Computer Science and Statistics to

predict rational outputs.

Machine learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience.[1] It
is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a model based on sample data,
known as "training data", in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do
so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email filtering and computer
vision, where it is difficult or unfeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.
A subset of machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions
using computers; but not all machine learning is statistical learning. The study of mathematical
optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of machine learning.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Let us discuss some of the major Difference Between Artificial Intelligence vs

Machine Learning vs Deep Learning

1. Artificial intelligence has different types like reactive machines, the system only

reacts, does not have the memory like the washing machine. Machine learning

enables a machine to make decisions based on past data. Deep learning enables a

machine to make the decision with the help of artificial neural networks.

2. Artificial Intelligence type is having a limited amount of memory. Machine learning

mainly works on less amount of training data. Deep learning mainly requires a large

amount of training data.

3. Artificial intelligence has other types is the theory of mind, which means the

system is able to understand human emotions and adjust the behavior according to

human understanding. Machine learning works on low-end systems. Deep learning

needs high-end systems to work.

 Systems modeling

Systems modeling or system modeling is the interdisciplinary

study of the use of models to conceptualize and
construct systems in Mechanical , business and IT development.
A common type of systems modeling is function modeling, with
specific techniques such as the Functional Flow Block Diagram .
A system model is also described by eqations.These equation
describe behaviour of the system.
Linear and Nonlinear Model

Most people have difficulties in determining whether a model is linear or non-linear. Before
discussing the issues of linear vs. non-linear systems, let's have a short look at some examples,
displaying several types of discrimination lines between two classes:

Have you already guessed the difference between linear and non-linear models ? Here's the
answer: linear models are linear in the parameters which have to be estimated, but not
necessarily in the independent variables. This explains why the middle of the three figures
above shows a linear discrimination line between the two classes, although the line is not linear
in the sense of a straight line.

Another example of a linear model is shown in the figure below. It displays a parabolic
regression line, which of course has a curvature, but is a linear model:

It's not the independent variable, x, which counts for linearity, but the parameters of the model
(in our parabolic example a, b, and c). From this simple insight it follows that multiple linear
regression can be used to estimate the parameters of "curved" models.
Non-Linear Models
Linear models have a number of advantages: They are easy to interpret, and

fast to train and use, since the mathematics involved is simple to compute.

Unfortunately, though, the real world is seldom linear. This means that linear

models are normally too simple to be able to adequately model real world

systems. Instead, we often need to use non-linear models.