UNIT-V

Working with themes-parent and child themes, using featured images, configuring settings, user and user roles and
profiles, adding external links, extending word press with plug-ins. Customizing the site, changing the appearance of
site using css , protecting word press website from hackers.

Q) Explain WordPress - Theme Management.

It includes image files, templates, CSS stylesheets, etc. that can help to make your website look great. This chapter discusses
how to install, add new, or customize themes in WordPress.
Following are the steps for Theme Management.
Step (1) − Select Appearance → Themes from the dashboard.

Step (2) − The following screen will be displayed. Hover over any theme and click on Theme Details.
Step (3) − When you click on Theme Detail the following page appears. It consists of details related to the theme. Details like
version, description, tags etc.

If you want to add this theme to your page/website then click on Activate, and if you want to just check the theme, then click
on Live preview.
If you click on activate then you get a pop-up message as −
Step (4) − Click on Customize.

Step (5) − On the left side of the page, you can customize your theme. Any changes you make or anything new you add is
displayed on the right side of the page.

What is a Parent Theme?

A parent theme is a complete theme which includes all of the required WordPress template files and assets for the theme
to work. All themes – excluding child themes – are considered parent themes.
What is a Child Theme?
As indicated in the overview, a child theme inherits the look and feel of the parent theme and all of its
functions, but can be used to make modifications to any part of the theme. In this way, customizations are
kept separate from the parent theme’s files. Using a child theme lets you upgrade the parent theme without
affecting the customizations you’ve made to your site.

Child themes:

 make your modifications portable and replicable;

 keep customization separate from parent theme functions;
 allow parent themes to be updated without destroying your modifications;
 allow you to take advantage of the effort and testing put into parent theme;
 save on development time since you are not recreating the wheel; and
 are a great way to start learning about theme development.
How to Create a Child Theme
1. Create a child theme folder
2. Create a stylesheet: style.css
3. Enqueue stylesheet
4. Install child theme
5. Activate child theme

Q) Explain WordPress - User Roles.

Every user has their own role in WordPress. Roles are like permissions given to a particular user to access the WordPress site.
These roles can be allotted only by the Admin.

Here are few pre-defined roles available in WordPress −

 Administrator − The Administrator has all the rights. An Admin can do anything and everything on the WordPress site
such as creating more admins, inviting more users and also removing them.
 Editor − The Editor has access to all the posts, pages, comments, categories, tags, and links. They can create, publish,
edit or delete any posts or pages.
 Author − The Author can only write posts, upload pictures, edit, and publish their own posts.
  Contributor − The Contributor can only write and edit their posts until published. They can create their own posts and
pages but cannot publish them. They cannot upload images or files but can see your site's status. When they want to
publish any post, it must be first notified personally to the administrator for review. When the post is approved, the
contributor cannot make any changes once published.
 Follower − The Follower can only read and comment on the posts. Followers are the ones who have signed in to your
account to receive updates.
 Viewer − Viewers can only view your posts; they cannot edit but can only comment on the posts.

Add Users
When users register on your WordPress blog or website, you get an e-mail notification, so you always know when new users
register, and you can then get into your Dashboard and edit the users’ role.
Following are the simple steps to Add Users in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Users → Add New in WordPress.

Step (2) − You can fill the user detail on the Add New User page. Fill in all the required fields (as seen in the following screen)
to proceed further.
  Username (required) − Enter the unique username, which you want to display on website.
 E-mail (required) − Enter the valid e-mail address. The user receives notifications from the site at this e-mail address.
 First Name − Enter the user’s first name.
 Last Name − Enter the user’s last name.
 Website − Enter the URL for the user’s website.
 Password (required) − Enter the password.
 Repeat Password (required) − Repeat the same password as the previous password for authentication.
 Send Password − Send password to the New User by e-mail checkbox. The user will receive an e-mail with the new
password.
 Role − Select the particular role from the dropdown, i.e., Subscriber, Contributor, Author, Editor, or Administrator.
Click on Add New User button to add user to your users list.
Step (3) − You can view the user list to see whether the users have been added. A message will be displayed as New User
Created as seen in the following screen.

Personal Profile
Following are the steps to Personal Profile.
Step(1) − Click on Users → Your Profile from the left navigation bar.

Step (2) − When you click on ‘Your profile’ the following screen will be displayed.
The following Personal options appear on the screen −
 Visual editor − While you are adding posts/pages to your site you can enable this setting if you wish to create, format, or
edit your post. If you disable this setting, you won’t be able to use this option.
 Admin color scheme − You can change the color of your WordPress site by selecting any of the following.
 Keyboard Shortcuts − If you are too fast at getting your work done and need keyboard shortcuts then you can check
this box.
 Toolbar − If you check this box, you can view the toolbar while using WordPress.
Name
 Username − Enter your user name.
 First Name/ Last Name − Enter your first name and last name.
 Nick name − Enter nick names if any.
 Display name publicly as − Check the box if you want your name to be displayed publicly.
Contact Info
 E-mail − Enter a valid e-mail address.
 Website − Type in your web address.
About yourself
 Biographical Info − Some details about you.
 New password − Enter a password of your choice.
 Repeat password − Re-enter the password for authentication. Password must contain 7 characters.
 Your photo − You can upload an image of your own from your computer. This will be your profile picture.
Step (3) − After you have updated all the changes, click on Update Profile.

Q) Explain LINKS in WordPress.

In this chapter, we will learn to Add Links in WordPress pages. Link is a connection from one resource to another. Adding links
to your pages or blog posts help you to connect to other pages.
Following are the simple steps to Add links in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Pages → All Pages in WordPress.
Step (2) − List of pages created in WordPress will get displayed as shown in the following screen. Select any of the pages to
add links inside it. Here, we are going to add links in About Us page.

Step (3) − Select any of the sentence or word where you want to add link. Here, we will add link to the word Lorem.
Step (4) − When you click on the Insert/Edit link symbol then the following pop window gets displayed.

Following are the fields present in the Insert/edit link.

 URL − Enter URL you want to link.
 Link text − Insert text you want to enter into the link.
 Open link in a new window/tab − Open your link page into the new tab or window. Check the box as required.
 Or link to existing account − Add links to an existing content page by selecting the page from the given list. Click on Or
link to existing account and the list of pages and posts gets displayed as shown in the following screen.

After selecting the particular page or post from the list, the links get created in the URL field as seen in the preceding screen.
Click on Add Link.
Step (5) − When you hover on the word Lorem then the link tooltip gets displayed as shown in the following screen.
Click on Update button to update the changes in your page or post.

Q) EXPLAIN PLUG-INS IN WORDPRESS?

View Plugins in WordPress. It helps you to enable and disable WordPress Plugins. This adds the
unique features to an existing web site. Plugins extend and enlarge the functionality of WordPress.
Following are the simple steps to View Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Installed Plugins in WordPress administrator.
Step (2) − You will see the list of existing plugins on your site as seen in the following screen.

A table of Plugin and Description is displayed. Names of the plugins are defined in Plugin column
and a brief description about the plugin is defined under Description column.
Toolbar
Following functions appear as Plugin toolbar options on the page −
• • Active − Shows the active plugins on the website.
• • Inactive − Shows the installed but inactive plugins on the website.
• • Update Available − Shows, if a new version is available or asks to update now.

Q) EXPLAIN CUSTOMIZING PLUG-INS?

Customize Plugins in WordPress without writing any HTML or CSS. It's usually a large addition
for multi-user sites. This new method allows you to customize your login page by using the
WordPress theme customizer (no coding skills required).
Following are the simple steps to Customize Plugins in WordPress.
Step (1) − Click on Plugins → Add New.

Step (2) − Install and activate the Custom Login Page Customizer Plugin.

Step (3) − Click on Appearance → Login Customize section.

Step (4) − Click on Start Customizing button to proceed further.

Step (5) − It will launch the built-in WordPress theme customizer. You can customize the theme and make it look the
way you want.
Click on the new Login Customizer tab in the side panel. Login customizer page will get
displayed. On the login customizer page, you can customize your login page in the same way as
you customize your WordPress theme.
Step (6) − The customized login page will appear as shown in the following screen.


• Logo − Upload logo of your choice to replace the default WordPress logo.
• • Background − Add background image or you can choose a background color of your choice.
• • Form Background − Select form background image or color for login form container of your
choice.
Most of the selections in the customizer panel are transparent. You can check all the selections in
the customizer to adjust the setting as per your requirement of your login page. Click on Save and
Publish button.

Q) WordPress - General Setting

WordPress general setting is used to set the basic configuration settings for your site. In the setting administration screen, it i s
a default setting screen.
Following are the steps to access the general settings −
Step 1 − Click on Settings → General option in WordPress.
Step 2 − The General Setting page is displayed as shown in the following snapshot.

Following are the details of the fields on general settings page.

 Site Title − It displays the name of the site in the template header.
 Tagline − Displays a short sentence about your site.
 WordPress Address (URL) − It is the URL of WordPress directory where your all core application files are present.
 Site Address(URL) − Enter the site URL which you want your site to display on the browser.
 E-mail Address − Enter your e-mail address which helps to recover your password or any update.
 Membership − Anyone can register an account on your site after you check this checkbox.
 New User Default Role − The default role is set for the newly registered user or members.
 Timezone − Sets the time zone based on the particular city.
 Date Format − Sets the date format as you need to display on the site.
 Time Format − Sets the time format as you need to display on the site.
 Week Starts On − Select the week day which you prefer to start for WordPress calendar. By default it is set as Monday.
 Site Language − Sets the language for the WordPress dashboard.
Step3 − After filling all the information about general settings, click on Save Changes button. It saves all your general setting
information.
WordPress - Writing Setting
The writing settings controls the writing experience and provides options for customizing WordPress site. These settings control
the features in the adding and editing posts, Pages, and Post Types, as well as the optional functions like Remote Publishing,
Post via e-mail, and Update Services.
Following are the steps to access the writing settings −
Step (1) − To change writing settings, go to Settings → Writing option.

Step (2) − The Writing Setting page is displayed as shown in the following screen.
Following are the details of the fields on the page.
 Formatting − This field defines two sub options for better user experience.
o The first option Convert emoticons like :-) and :-P to graphics on display will turn text-based emoticons into
graphic-based emoticons.
o The second option WordPress should correct invalidly nested XHTML automatically corrects the invalid XHTML
placed within the posts or pages.
 Default Post Category − It is a category to be applied to a post and you can leave it as Uncategorized.
 Default Post Format − It is used by themes to select post format to be applied to a post or create different styles for
different types of posts.
 Post via e-mail − This option uses e-mail address to create posts and publishes posts on your blog through e-mail. To
use this, you'll need to set up a secret e-mail account with a POP3 access, and any mail received at this address will be
posted.
 Mail Server − It allows reading the e-mails that you send to WordPress and stores them for retrieval. For this, you need
to have POP3 compatible mail server and it will have URI address such as mail.example.com, which you should enter
here.
 Login Name − To create posts, WordPress will need its own e-mail account. The Login Name will use this e-mail
address and should be kept as a secret as spammers will post links redirecting to their own websites.
 Password − Set password for the above e-mail address.
 Default Mail Category − It allows selecting custom category for all the posts that are published via Post by e-mail
feature.
 Update Services − When you publish a new post, WordPress will automatically notify the site update services in the
box. See the Update Services on the codex for the long list of possible services.
Step (3) − After filling all the above information, click on Save Changes button to save your information.
Q) Customize Your WordPress Website
Step 1: Access Your WordPress Dashboard
To access all the tools included with WP Website Builder, you can log in to your WordPress admin dashboard.
Step 2: Choose a Design
From the Inspirations wizard, you can select Let’s Get Started to view your theme choices.
Step 3: Select Your Content Structure
Next, the Content page covers several important aspects of building your website.
Step 4: Provide Essential Site Information and Complete Your Installation
Step 5: Design Pages and Posts With Drag-and-Drop Blocks
Step 6: Customize Your Blocks and Publish Your Content

Q) HOW TO PROTECTING WORD-PRESS WEBSITE FROM HACKERS?

1. Install a WordPress security plugin

Security is crucial to running your website smoothly and issue-free. Since we’re talking about WordPress here, you can
bet there is a plugin to handle your site security. In fact, there are many of them.
These are the top 5 WordPress security plugins to consider:

IThemes
Wordfence
Sucuri
All in One WP Security & Firewall
Shield Security


2. Scan your website for malware
3. Invest in secure hosting
4. Fortify your site with strong credentials
5. Update your WP, themes and plugins
6. Backup
7. Enable WordPress firewall
8. Hide your WordPress login URL
9. Limit login attempts
10. Use two-factor authentication
11. Password protect your login and admin pages
12. Automatically log out inactive users
13.Manage your WordPress file and server permissions
14. Hide your WordPress version
15. Manage your WordPress user permissions