Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Engineering and Architecture

1nd Semester S/Y 2024-2025

Fluid Mechanics

FINAL PROJECT

FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOW. Solve the following problems. Kindly show

your solution.

1. Water flows through a 3 inches diameter pipe at a velocity of 10 ft/s. Find (a) Volume flow
rate in gpm , (b) weight flow rate and (c) mass flow rate.

2. A gas flows through a square conduit. At one point along the conduit, the conduit sides
are 0.100 m, the velocity is 7.55 m/s, and the gas’s mass density is 1.09 kg/m 3. At a
second point, the conduit sides are 0.250 m, and the velocity is 2.02 m/s . Find the mass
flow rate of the gas and its mass density at the second point.

3. A 100 mm diameter plunger is being pushed at 60 mm/s into tank filled with a fluid of
SG=0.68. If the fluid is incompressible, how may pounds per second is being forced out at
section 2 at 20 mm diameter?

4. A gasoline pump fills a 80 L tank in 1 min 15 sec. If the pump exit diameter is 4 cm, what is
the average pump flow exit velocity?

5. Air at 72℉ and 16 psia enters a chamber at a section 1 at velocity 210 fps and leaves
section 2 at 1208 ℉∧¿ 202 psia. What is the exit velocity if D 1=8∈¿ and D 2=3∈¿ ?
Assume the flow is steady.
6. When 500 gpm flows through a 12 in pipe which later reduces to a 6 in pipe, calculate the
average velocities in the two pipes.

7. If the velocity in a 12 in pipe is 1.65 ft/s, what is the velocity in a 3 in diameter jet issuing
from a nozzle attached to the pipes?

8. Air flows in a 6 in pipe at a pressure of 30.0 psig and a temperature of 100 ℉ . If the
barometric pressure is 14.7 psia and velocity is 10.5 ft/s, how many pounds of air per
second are flowing?

9. Carbon dioxide passes point A in a 3 in pipe at a velocity of 15 ft/s. The pressure at A is 30

psig and the temperature is 70 ℉ . At point B downstream, the pressure is 20 psig and
temperature is 90 ℉ . For a barometric pressure reading of 14.7 psia, calculate the
velocity at B.

10. What minimum diameter of pipe is necessary to carry 0.500 lb/s of air with a maximum
velocity of 18.5 ft/s? The air is at 80 ℉ and under an absolute pressure of 34.0 psi.
11. A gas ( ẟ = 0.05 lb/ ft 3.) flows at the rate of 1.6 lb/s past section A through a long
rectangular duct of uniform cross-section 2 ft by 2 ft at section B, the gas weighs ẟ = 0.06
lb/ ft 3. Find the average velocities of flow at sections A and B.

12. The velocity of a liquid (SG=1.26) in a 6 in pipeline is 1.6 ft/s. Calculate the mass rate flow.

13. Oxygen flows in a 3 in by 3 in duct at a pressure of 42 psi and a temperature of 105 ℉ . If

the atmospheric pressure is 13,4 psia and the velocity of flow is 18 fps, calculate the
weight flow rate.

14. Air at 42 ℃ and at 3 bar absolute pressure flows in a 200 mm diameter conduit at a
mean velocity of 12 m/s. Find the mass flow rate.

15. A 120 mm diameter pipe enlarges to a 180 mm diameter pipe. At section 1 of the smaller
pipe, the density of a gas in steady flow is 200 kg/m 3 and the velocity is 20 m/s ; at section
2 of the larger pipe the velocity is 14 m/s. Find the density of the gas at section 2.
16. At section 1 of a pipe system carrying water the velocity is 3 fps and the diameter is 2 ft.
At section 2 the diameter is 3 ft. Find the discharge Q and velocity at section 2.

17. A pipeline carries oil (SG = 0.86) at v= 2 m/s through a 20 cm ID pipe. At another section
the diameter is 8 cm. Find the velocity at this section and the mass flow rate.

18. Hydrogen is flowing in a 3-in-diameter pipe at the steady rate of 0.03 lbm/s. Calculate the
average velocity over a section where the pressure is 30 psia and the temperature is 80
℉ . R = 765.5 ft/ R .

19. Water flows at 10 m 3 /s in a 150 cm diameter pipe, the head loss in a 1000 m length of
this pipe is 20 m. Find the rate of energy loss due to pipe friction.
20. Oil with specific gravity 0.750 is flowing through a 6 in pipe under a pressure of 15 psi. If
the total energy relative to a datum plane 8 ft below the center of the pipe is 58.6 ft-lb/lb.
Determine the flow rate of oil.

21. In Figure, water flows from A, where the diameter is 12 in, to B, where the diameter is 24
in, at the rate of 13.2 cfs. The pressure head at A is 22.1 ft. Considering no loss of energy
from A to B, find the pressure head at B.

22. A pipe carrying oil with specific gravity 0.877 changes in size from 6 in at section E to 18 in
at section R. Section E is 12 ft lower than R, and the pressures are 13.2 psi and 8.75 psi,
respectively. If the discharge is 5.17 cfs, determine the lost head and the direction of flow.

23. A horizontal air duct is reduced in cross sectional are from 0.75 ft 2 to 0.20 ft 2. Assuming
no losses, what pressure change will occur when 1.50 lb/s of air flows? Use ẟ=0.200
3
lb/ft for the pressures and temperature conditions involved.
24. A turbine is rated at 600 HP when the flow of water through it is 21.5 cfs. Assuming an
efficiency of 87 percent, what head is acting on the turbine?

25. A standpipe 20 ft in diameter and 40 ft high is filled with water. Calculate the potential
energy of the water if the elevation datum is taken 10 ft below the base of the standpipe.

26. Determine the kinetic energy flux of 0.01 m 3 /s of oil (SG=0.80) discharging through a 40
mm diameter nozzle.
27. Neglecting the air resistance, determine the height a vertical jet of water will rise if
projected with the velocity of 58 ft/s.

28. If the total available head of a stream flowing at a rate of 300 ft 3 /s is 25 ft, what is the
theoretical horsepower available?

29. A 150 mm diameter jet of water is discharging from a nozzle into the air at a velocity of 36
m/s. Find the power in the jet with respect to a datum at the jet.

30. Water is to be delivered from a reservoir through a pipe to a lower level and discharged
into the air, as shown in the figure. If the head loss in the entire system is 11.58 m,
determine the vertical distance between the point of water discharge and the water
surface in the reservoir.
31. A 100 mm diameter suction pipe leading to a pump, as shown in Figure, carries a
discharge of 0.0300 m 3 /s of oil (SG=0.85). If the pressure at point A in the suction pipe is
a vacuum of 180 mmHg, find the total energy head at point A with respect to a datum at
the pump.
32. In Figure shows a pump drawing water from a reservoir and discharging it into the air at
point B. The pressure at point A in the suction pipe is a vacuum of 10 in mercury, and the
discharge is 3.0 ft 3 /s . Determine the total head at point A with respect to a datum at the
base of the reservoir.
33. In Figure, shows a pump drawing water from a reservoir and discharging it into the air at
point B. The pressure at point A in the suction pipe is a vacuum of 10 in mercury, and the
discharge is 3.0 ft 3 /s . Determine the total head at point B with respect to a datum at the
base of the reservoir.
34. Oil (SG = 0.84) is flowing in a pipe under the conditions shown in figure. If the total head
loss from point 1 to point 2 is 3.0 ft, find the pressure at point 2.
35. An 8 in diameter horizontal pipe is attached to a reservoir, as shown in figure. If the total
head loss between the water surface in the reservoir and the water jet at the end of the
pipe is 6.0 ft, what are the velocity and flow rate of the water being discharged from the
pipe?
36. Oil flows from a tank through 500 ft of 6 in diameter pipe and then discharges into the air,
as shown in Figure. If the head loss from point 1 to point 2 is 1.95 ft of oil, determine the
pressure needed at point 1 to cause 0.60 ft 3 of oil to flow.