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Probability and Statistics - Assignment 01

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Vishal Verma
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5 views

Probability and Statistics - Assignment 01

Uploaded by

Vishal Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructions:

Part A and Part B are compulsory.


Part C is optional and can be attempted for additional credit.

Part A: Advanced Conceptual Questions (Compulsory)

1. Define statistics. Explain the role of statistics in research and decision-making with specific reference to data-driven industries like healthcare or finance.

2. Differentiate between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Provide real-life examples where each type would be applicable, such as in clinical trials or market research.

3. Explain the importance of sampling in statistics. Discuss the potential consequences of poor sampling methods using a case study from a published research paper.

4. What is the difference between a population and a sample? Why do statisticians often work with samples instead of populations? Provide examples from environmental studies or public
health.

5. Describe the measures of central tendency. How are they useful in summarizing data? Compare their use in skewed vs. symmetrical distributions with examples.

6. What are the measures of variability? Explain the significance of each measure in statistical analysis. Discuss how variability impacts decision-making in risk assessment scenarios.

7. What is a frequency distribution? How does it help in understanding the underlying patterns in data? Create a frequency distribution for a dataset related to customer purchases over a year.

8. Explain the concept of a probability distribution. How does it differ from a frequency distribution? Illustrate with examples from insurance claim data.

9. Define a random variable. How does it relate to probability distributions? Discuss the role of random variables in predicting financial outcomes.

10. What are the main characteristics of the Normal Distribution? Why is it so important in statistics? Use examples from quality control processes.

Part B: Advanced Numerical Questions (Compulsory)

11. Given a dataset:


[ {8, 12, 15, 21, 22, 22, 24, 29, 30} ]
Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the dataset.

12. Calculate the variance and standard deviation for the following data:
[ {10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20} ]
Discuss the relationship between study hours and exam performance, and propose how these statistics can inform educational strategies.

13. Consider the following frequency distribution:

Class Interval Frequency


0 - 10 5
10 - 20 15
20 - 30 20
30 - 40 10

Calculate the mean of the distribution using the midpoint formula.

14. Given the following probabilities:


[ P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5, P(A \cap B) = 0.2 ]
Calculate ( P(A \cup B) ) and interpret the result.

15. A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 green balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is drawn at random, what is the probability that it is either red or green?

Part C: Advanced Numerical and Application-Based Questions (Optional)

16. A company claims that their average delivery time is 30 minutes. You take a sample of 50 deliveries and find that the average time is 32 minutes with a standard deviation of 5 minutes.
Test the company’s claim at a 5% significance level.

17. A researcher wants to compare the effectiveness of two drugs. In a sample of 100 patients, 60% of the patients taking Drug A showed improvement, while 50% of the patients taking Drug
B showed improvement. Test whether there is a significant difference between the two drugs using a 0.05 significance level.

18. The following data represents the scores of two groups on a test:

Group A: [85, 89, 91, 87, 88]


Group B: [78, 82, 80, 79, 81]

Perform a t-test to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups.

19. A survey found that 48% of a town’s residents support a new policy. The survey was conducted on a random sample of 150 residents. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the true
proportion of residents who support the policy.

20. Using the chi-square test, determine whether there is a significant association between gender and preference for a new product, given the following data:

Gender Prefer Don't Prefer


Male 30 20
Female 25 25

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