all used

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each
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discussing that
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allows (AP) elements Screen.
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treats DOM
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when the
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all scriptable Location
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you and of it webpage 0, not History,
other
methods. Each
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and interactive, object. DOM:DOMwhich
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and MODEL
properties DOMhow
be Object
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the properties can
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defines
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style the
discussing moreit Document loads The Document,
their that an content,a of
OBJECT
the creates it. of object object
associated webpageso
is Webpage structure
a withand levels
using previously, Model as
document elements
be the the browser webpage first Document
Navigator,
shall
objects associateddifferent
a browsers.
using Object
access
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D0CUMENT
we their make
seen the reflects 0 was
with possible the a HTML LEVEL
chapter, Document
to in
and to of a
Wheninternally
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objects
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There
DOM
level
3. DOM DOM important
one
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attributes
associated
Mailable time. methods
element
18.1 it. most 18.1.1 six
about make
the withby
of
18.1.4 amespace.
DOMlevel 3is:still inn
ofwebpage. development stage. It allows formatting,
OBJECTS,
loading,saving and validation
18.2
PROPERTIES
When a webpage is loaded
into
AND METHODS
a web
browser, DOM
in a webpageas aa scriptable object. Each scriptable treats each of the
handlers associated with it. The
properties object has element contained
The methods are the actions that properties,
can be specify theoncharacteristics methods
of an element and event
-initiated
place either through user-initiated performed
actions (such as
an in a
object. Events are the actions webpage.
clicking a that take
Joading/unloading a webpage etc.
L Eig
button) or system events such as
18.1,we have seen the
various objects of DOM 1level 0. We shall
each object and their associated properties and methods now discuss
18.3 WINDOWOBJECT
The Window object is the top
windowor frame in which contents oflevel object of the DOM hierarchy. It
the document are displayed. represents abrowser
DODerties and methods associated with Window obiect are Some the commonly used
of
PROPERTY
NAME DESCRIPTION
closed A
boolean value that determines whether the
TRUE, then window is no longer available for referenced window is closed. If value is
referencing.
delauistatus Used to specify the default message in the status bar when no browser loading activity is
document occurring.
Returns a reference to the document object contained in that window.
frames(, an array of all frames contained within the window.

JavaScript-II 459
 460
an other windows. every a in
after button
the
on and
all parameter. buttons. function
windo open user parameter. field functionstop
behind other
that are the history. entry clicking
window. Cancel history. or
windows to all
from window. frame. it
message places Id ld of
coordinates. text expression
coordinates. or
page by attributes. amounts. amounts. expression
by andfontPage line coordinates. to
visited
current the referenced
referenced amounts. Similar
current several object the and OK in object
within one
a
presents
DESCRIPTION in window it the
and places pixel
window.
pixel pixelpixel
the
URLS window. in specified a invokes the milliseconds.
the if Window backward message,
buttons. window. Window
the is action message forward pixel
page. pixelspecified
within window
window counter specified specified specified invokes
and of and the
details browser that current homespecified specified continuously
looping window the for clickable milliseconds. the
details
nested of box step a step a that of
browser delaywindow. with with
process the the the in in
if Properties with the the Methods
URL window the
object. dialog one the one by by to timer timedownloading
any)
contain from interval timeoutboxspecified to by to window box to
of window current window
window windovw
window OKwindow window window
window specified
containing positioned printing that
(if window. bar
screen alert dialog dialog
and in time of
parent focus interval
thatframes of the the new timer one List
status List an OK
button. the Cancel the the
object
the off off thea
windows. the the thethe a the
theDisplays the anyToolbar.-
the Displays Removes Display a Scrolls a a of
of object window. the
current
thetopmost frame. -
18.1 Brings TurnsTurns Closes FocusesBrings Moves
Moves
Brings Opens Starts Resize
Resize Scrolls
Starts Stops 18.2
Startsdelay
delay
number to to and
history of
reference Table
locationthe reference textthe window or Table SetTimeout
("ExprORFunc",|
the Setinterval
("ExprORFunc'",
of
the the of creator the to
a name a a Specifies Reference argN]) delay
delay
[,argl,..,[,argl,..,
argN)
Specifies
Contains Returns Returns Returns desktop. Current confirm
("message") ","name'",prompt
open
("url ("message",
The The METHOD
alert
("message"") clearinterval(Id)
clearTimeout
(Id) "defaultReply'")
resizeBy
(x,y)
(x,y)scrollBy
(x,y)
resizeToscrollTo
(x,y)
(x,y) "attributes'")
moveBy
(x,y)moveTo JavaScript-
forward
()
location back
() blur
() () focus
close () home
() ()
print Stop
()
history
length opener
parent
Sereen
status window
name
top
object
name,
property ).Here
argN]
, 461
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Ox Go
open
window
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specifying Iools
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of a
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in
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([argl,
object Favorites
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status window.
ankurWhen When
the in
data View
window
by between by
object methodthe Displaying
Edit designed
View
Window- Click Microsoft
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to Address new Edit
File Google
Yahoo
window.property_name
in Eile Done
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window the the
message
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window. in
used link
property optional.
are
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the www.microsoft.com')">
period by
". Onclick
"display('http:/Iwww.google.com')>
= )>
of methods ankur open
properties
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status
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objects
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"display(http://www.yahoo.com"
the
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javascript">
language= javascript
window.open(url
,url,
"height=600, to
links
as that in that
HTMLCode
theproperty
itacceSs
set
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to
accessScript
status
window. PROGRAM:1ctitle>Displaying
| data
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onload="display0
cbody
of
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language=javascript"> following
<Script
</title>
<h3
onclick HTML
Code
=display(http:/
the youInexample.
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display(url) width=800,scrollbars=yes");
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When the user clicks on any of the links (say Google),objectdithatsplay( )function is
Anew window is opened using open( )
method of window
parameters. The
that link. The open( ) specifies method contains three parameter firstdisplays the invoked
the url whose contents are to be displayed. The second
window and the third parameter is a string that specifies the attributes specifies
attributes include WIDTH, HEIGHT, TOOLBAR,
MENUBAR.
of

STATUS,
thhe para met
the er conteisS
new name Specif egi he
Window
RESIZEABLE etc. The firsttwo specifies width and height in pixels and
the
can be set to either Yes or No. If Yes the attributes will be displaved else
rememberthat the various attributes must be separated by commas and
must be separated by = sign.
PROGRAM 3: Script that prompts you to enter two number
each
remaiSCROL BARS
not.ninOne
g:
attribute atrbes
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and alert
according to specified operation. the resu
<html>
<head<title> Alert </title>
<script language = "JavaScript">
<!-
var fnum, Snum ;
£unction calculate (num)
{
fnum = prompt ("enter first number ".0);
Snum = prompt ("enter second number .0).
switch (nun)
{
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alert ("sum is " + s); (snum);
break i
case 2! : alert ("multiplication is "+ (fnum*
break; *gnum) )
default : alert ("subtraction is "+ (fnum- snum)).

</script>
</head>
<body>
<hl> Operations </hl>
<h3 onclick = "calculate ("1') "> <u>Sum</u> </h3>
<h3 onclick = "calculate( '2)"><u> Multiply</u> </h3>
<h3 onclick = "calculate('3')"> <u> Subtract </u></h3>
</body>
</html>
On viewing the script in aweb browser, you will get the desired output. When the uscr
clicks on any one of theoperations, the calculate( ) function is called and required value (n cs
of sum = 1) is passed to variable num. The user is then prompted to enter the two numbers a
appropriate calculations is performed based on the value of the num. This result is displayeo
dialog box. 462
JavaScript-ll
 is
parselnt(Ofunction used to
The
NOTE:willbe concatenatedinsteadconvert a sting into
of addition.
PROGRAM4.Script to transit integer. If it is not used then
the images aiter a the
contents
head><title>Transit images </title>
chtmls
specified time interval.
<Script
<!-
var
lpic=new
anguage="UavaScri
Array
pt"
var j = 0;
Function rotate( ) ("picl.jpg", "pic2.jpg",
{
aewindow. document .banner:
"pic3.jpg"):
s.src=pic[j];
if (j>1)
j=0;
else
j++;
4Ä=getTimeout ("rotate()", 1000):
function stop()
{
clearTimeout (id) ;

</8cript>
</head>
cbody>
img src = "picl.jPg" name =
<hr>
"banner" ,
<input
<input type
type="button"
= "button "
value = start" onclick= "rotate() y
value = "stop" onclick = "stop ( )">
</body>
</html>

On viewing the webpage in a web

you click the start button, the rotate( ) browser, you will get transitions of three images. When
The statement, function will be invoked and picl.jpg will be displayed.

id=setTimeout ("rotate() ", 1000):

will call the rotate( ) function again after 1000
process continues. When you click the stop button, themiliseconds and display the pic2.jpg. This
stop( ) function will be invoked and the
Slatement, clearTimout (ia) : willcancel the timer whose id'
parameter. number is specified as a
The Statement, var pic =
declares an array new Array("picl.jpg", "pic2.jpg", "pic3.jpg"):
pic suchthat
pic[0]="picl.jpg"pic[1]="pic2.jpg", pic[2]="pic3,jpg":
JavaScript-I 463
 18.4 DOCUMENT OBJECT
contents viewed in the
The document object represents the
the child of the window object.browser
excluding toolbars, status line etc. It is
used properties and methods associated with document
PROPERTY
object are
DESCRIPION
Some of. winidhoewNcomTnonyitame
Or

NAME

alinkColor* Specifies the color of a hypertext link as it is being clicked

(Aftermouse down
and before mouse up).
anchors [ ]** An array of all anchor objects in the current document
bgColor* Specifies the background color of the document.
body** Returns a reference to the body element.
Indicates the HTTP cookie associated with
cookie *
on the client machine. domains of the document
fgColor* Specifies the foreground color of the document.
and slored
forms []** An array of all form objects in the current document.
images []$* An array of all images objects in the current document.
lastModified** Provides date and time (as a string) the document was last
layers [ J**
modified
An array of all layer objects in the current document.
link Color* Specifies the color of the unvisited link.
referrer** URL of the HTML page that the user came from if
they clicked a link
title* Refer, to the contents of the title element in the document.
vlinkColor* Specifies the color of the visited links.
Table 18.3 List of Properties of document object *Read-write **Read-only
METHOD
DESCRIPTION
clear () Clears the HTML contents of the current
close () document.
Closes the text stream to a document.
createElement(''tagName'") An instance of an element object
associated with the tag passed
as a parameter to the method is generated.
getElementById('"elementID'") Searches and returns the HTML element with the given Id
attribute value.
getElementsByName
("elementName'") Searches and returns an array of HTML element with the
given name
attribute value.
write ("string1"[,.... Write text to the
"stringN"]D) current document.
writeln ("string1",...... Same as write( ) but adds a new line at
"'stringN'") the end of the output.

Table 18.4 List of methods of

document object
ieSeript-i! 464
 accessthe properties of the
can
ansectorobject's names
You until the document
window
object by specifying the
object is reached. Aperiodproperty name
nameand its property () is used
all eac
11S object name. So generally it is written as. in
and
between
ch
[winow]. ocument .property_name

set
to
Yellow backgroundfor the document object we write
order
in document.bgColor "yellow";
So
methods of the document object
access the
youcan
Similarly
J ocument. . method( [argl1, argN])
[window..
accessthe clear( )
method of the document object document . clear().
to the
Soin
order
HTML contents of
current document.
clearthe
will
It
5: Script that changes the text color of the document after aspecific
PROGRAM
interval.
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cscript (black", "red',
<l- ne Array
Var color=
"green).
function0,change_color ()
var i =
window.document. fgColor=colorft):
Color of text changes
if (0>3)
after 1000 milliseconds.
else
("change_color ()", 1000).
serTimeout

-->
</script>
<body
</head>onload="change_color0*>
changes after
<hr>
'center'> Color of text
align=milliseconds. </hl>
chl 1000
MyComputer
<hr 1Done
<jbody>
</html> onload eventhandleris executed
browser, the
document is loaded in a web
color ofthe HTML document after
After the HTML function. It changes thetext
that invokes the change_color
)
linkclicked.
1000 milliseconds automatically. window onthe basis of
write the contents into a new
PROGRAM 6: Script to
<html> Contentg </title>
<head><title> Display
<sCript language="JavaScript">
<!-

JavaScript-II
 width = 800
colordepth =32
pixeldepth = undefined

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18.9 STRING OBJECT

The String object isa built-in object that is
of zero or more characters. In order to used to create strings. A string isa sequence
create a string using String object use the following
statement,
var S = new String ("Welcome to Javascript");
This string cBass constructor creates and assigns the string "Welcome to JavaScript" to
the variable s.
Another way of creating a string is to use a string literal which is simply asequence of
Zeros or more charactersenclosed within single of double quotation marks.This method is more
commonly used than the previous one.
var S "Welcome to JavaScript"i

JavaScript-I 471
 used properties and methods, associated with
Some of the commonly
PROPERTYNAME
DESCRIPTION
String object are:
Returns the length of string in characters.
length methods to
Used to assign new properties and
document. future instances of
prototype created in the current a
Table 18.12 List of properties of String object sting va
PROPERTYNAME DESCRIPTION
Returns acopy of a string embedded within <a> tag set
anchor'name")
Displays text as if embedded in a <big> element.
big ) Display text as if embedded in a <blink> element.
blink()
bold( )
Display text as if embedded in a <bold> element.
charAt(Index) Returns a character at the specified position which is passed as a parameter.
charCodeAt(Index) Returns a number of decimal unicode value at the specified
passed as parameter.
Appends the strings to the current string object.
position whichi
concat(string2)
fixed() Display text as if embedded in <tt element.
indexOf
Returns the position of the first Occurrence of one string inside
another.
(searchstring [Index])| However, if you want to begin search at a particular index
specify Index parameter. If there is no match, -1 is returned. then you have to
lastIndexOf It is similar to indexOf ) method but begins all searches from the end of string
(searchstring [Index) or some index position.
match (regexp) Searches the string for the regular expressi0n passed as a parameter and rat
any matches.

replace(regexp, Same as above except that instead of returning any matches it replaces any
newstring) matches with newstring.
search (regexp) Searches the string for the regular expression passed as parameter and retuny
the index of first match.
split(delimiter[,limit]) Splits a string into an array of substrings based on delimiter or regular expressian
The optional parameter Iimit is an integer that restricts the number of iens
converted into array elements.
substring(start,end) Returns a part of a string that is extracted from the start position and ends jus
before end position specified using end parameter.
toLowerCase ) Converts the string as a string of lowercase characters.
toUpper Case( ) Converts the string as a string of uppercase characters.
toString() Returns the string value of object.
valueOf( ) Same as tostring (0.

Table 18.13 List of Methods of String Object

You can access the properties and methods of String obiect by specifying ne ov
genenil
name String followed by a period (.) and then the property or method name. So it is
written as,
4!
JavaScript-lI
 Sting.proerty_name
String.metho ([argl, argH] )

112:
PROGRAM
Script to show the manipulation of various methods of the string object.
String
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cbody> language= str length=21
str=Welcome to Javascript
script length) str charAt (4) =o
display('str.length =+ str. charAt (4)):
('str.charAt (4) = + str. str. charCodeAt (4) = 111
("str.charCodeAt (4) = + str. charCodeAt (4):
display ="+ str. IindexOf (c", 5): str indezOE (c', 5) = 16
display ("str.indexof (c', 5) str.indexOf (c):
display ((str.indexof (c):=*+ str indezOf (c) =3
display (('str.lastindexOf ('e)
= + str.lastindexOf (c);
display ("str.substrina (2, 7) ="
+str.substring(2,7): str lastindezOf ('c) = 16
display ('str.toLOWerCase
( ) = +str.toLOWerCase ( )): str substrng (2, T) = lcome
display
str.split (" ): str toLowerCase
i++)
s = (i=0; i<s.length; "]---"+ s[D): ()=#icome to jar2scnpt
split [0]---Welcome
for ("split ["+i+
display (d) split [1]---to
function display
document.write (d+"<br) split [2]---Javascnpt

</script>
</body> TDone
</html> 9My Conputer
JavaScript Code When viewed in a browser
PROGRAM 13: Seript to display a message in a status bar such that one character is
displayed at a time.

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Help Fle Edt Vew Favcrtes Iocke Help
File Edit Search
chtml> Address e]kCole-10NLPPUnternet-2k7\chapter20Ni107_ahm
chead>ctitle> Status Bar Message </title>
<5cript language = "javascript">
str = "Welcome to Javascript:
i= 0; msg = .
function scroll0
See the status bar for
msg = msg+str.charAt (i):
effect
window.status= msg;
if (i == str.length -1)
{ i=0; msg= , }
else
i++;
setTimeout (*scroll0", 1o0);

</script>
</head>
<body onload = "scroll(0">
<hl> See the status bar for effect <{hl>
</body>
</html>
e]Welcone to Javasc eMy Computet

On viewing the HTML document in a Web browser, you will get the desired output. The
message Welcome to JavaScript will be displayed in the status bar such that one character is
displayed at atime.
JavaScript-II 473
 o i l tinobjcct that is used to work with date andI i
l n i N W lates is as follows. time in
Nane new Date ([parameters]) ; soripts.The
AMNYNCt tO aspecific date or time using one of the
w
\iti ewate (milliseconds) ; Milliseconds shouldibe a number fol owing ways:
iEilliseonds relative to zero hours on January 1, 1970.

AT
YA
new Date (yY, m, dd) ;
new Date (yy, mm, dd, hh, mm, s8);
representing
vRN neN Date ("month d, yYYY");
vAr new Date ("month dd, yyyY hh:mm: ss");

object áre:
S r rthe commonly used methods associated with Date
DESCRIPTION
METHOD
getate,setDate( ) gets/sets the day of the month. (1 to 31)
getDayt ), setDay( ) gets/sets the corresponding day of the week. Value returned is
between 0 to 6. (0-Sunday, 6-Saturday) Integer
getHours( ), setHours() gets/sets the hour of the day. Value returned is Integer between 0to 23.
gets/sets the minute of the day. Value returned is Integer between 0to 59.
getMinutes( ), setMinutes( )
gets/sets the month of year. Value returned is Integer between0 to 11 (0.
getMonth(),setMonth()
January, 11-December).
getSeconds(), setSeconds() gets/sets the seconds past the nearest full minute. Value returned :.
integer between 0 to 59.
getTime( ), setTime() gets/sets the time in milliseconds.
getFull Year( ),setFull Year() gets/sets all digits of the year.
returned is
getYear(),set Year() gets/sets the number corresponding to a year. Value
Integer between 0to 99 for yearsbetween 1900 to 1999; 4-digit integer
starting from 2000 for years>>2000.
offset from the Universal
getTimezoneOffset ( ) Gets the number of hours the current time is
Time (GMT).
conventions.
toGMTString( ) Converts date to astring, using the GMT
locale's conventions.
toLocaleString( ) Converts date to a string, using the current
time as date, zone and time.
toString( ) Gets a string representing the specified
number of milliseconds since zero
parse() Gets a string date value that holds the
hours on January 1, 1970.

Table 18.14 List of Methods of Date Object

functions getUTCDate( ), getUTCDay( ), getUTCFull Ye ar(), getUTCHOUI
NOTE: The getUTCSeconds( ), setUTCDa
getUTCMiliseconds(), getUTCMinutes( ), getUTCMonth( ), 474

JavaScript-lI
 Year(). setUTCHours( ), setUTCMilliseconds(
setUTCFull
setUTCSeconds() are same
as their
counter parts but they ),works with
setUTCMiunivers¡l
nutes (),(UTC)
takes
theformat
Day Month Date, hh, mm, ss UTC year.
of Date object by
mmethods
setUTCMont h (),
time which
accessthe
Youcan thenthe method name. So it is
(.) and generally specifyingwrittenthe as,object name Date followed
period
bya ate.method ([arg1, argN] )
14:)Scriptto
display current time in the title bar of the
Program
A Time browser's window.
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function disp_time)
0
Watch
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d= new
Date ():
time in title bar
d.getHours ():
hr = d.getMinutes ():
=
mi d.getSeconds ():
sec =
document.title = Time + hr + ".
+ mi+ ,+ sec;
setTimeout (disp_time0", 1000):

</script>
</head>
"disp_time0>
cbody onload =
chl> Watch time in title bar </h
</body>
</html>
Done
9 My Computer
On viewing th HTML
document in a web browser, you
the title bar of the browser's window. will get the current time listed in

18.1MATH OBJECT
a The Math object is a built-in
object that is generally used to perform
trignometric) operations. Unlike, the String and Date object there is no mathematical (mostly
object. This is because all the need tÕ
of commonly used methods and properties are static members of Math create Math
properties and methods associated with Math object are : class. Some
ero
PROPERTY NAME PURPOSE
E
LN2 Returns Euler's Constant e =
LN10 Returns natural logarithm of2.71828182
2
ars( ). LOG2E Returns natural logarithm of 10
Date( ). LOGI0E Returns the log base-2 of Euler's
Returns the log base-10 of Euler'sconstano
Returns the value of t constant
414
JavaScript-I 475
 n.
number
(y-x))4rgenerally
generate clientWidth/2)
to
equal
n the
point
(x,y) number
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